同级位移多次循环作用下型钢混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

为研究远场长周期地震动作用下SRC柱的抗震性能,对5个不同含钢率和配箍率的SRC柱进行同级位移循环加载10次的拟静力试验,分析其抗震性能指标。结果表明:同级位移循环次数对SRC柱抗震性能的影响与循环位移幅值有关。位移角不大于1/50时,同级位移循环次数对SRC柱的裂缝发展、承载力退化和耗能能力的影响均很小;位移角1/40时,随着位移循环次数的增加,SRC柱的裂缝不断发展,角部混凝土逐渐掉落,承载力退化幅度开始加大,耗能能力逐渐增强,损伤程度增长较快;位移角1/33时,同级位移多次循环导致SRC柱的损伤急剧发展,承载力快速降低,耗能能力明显增强,破坏程度显著加重。提高含钢率和配箍率均可以改善SRC柱的抗震性能。     

多层空心砌块房屋混凝土结构抗震性测试研究

为了研究多层空心砌块房屋混凝土结构抗震性测试,按照1∶5缩尺比例建造空心砌块房屋混凝土结构模型进行抗震性测试实验。根据实际原型参数遵从相似理论的要求选择模型参数,通过电液伺服加载装置和液压千斤顶加载水平、垂直方向荷载,对所建造模型进行动力特性测试、地震反应分析、结构最大地震反应以及位移响应进行了实例分析。结果表明,随着破坏程度加大,模型结构自振频率随之减小,阻尼比随之增大;有芯柱多层空心砌块房屋模型的抗震效果较强;强震状态下,结构动力特性变化较大,破坏层聚集了房屋结构的最大反应;当加速度为125 cm/s时,结构最大位移为2.73 mm,低于规范值,模型结构具备一定延性。     

约束边缘区域不同构造的带钢板暗支撑高阻尼混凝土核心筒抗震性能研究

针对带钢板暗支撑高阻尼混凝土核心筒结构,探讨约束边缘区域不同构造措施对其抗震性能的影响,共完成了3个核心筒的低周反复加载试验。试验结果表明:带钢板暗支撑高阻尼混凝土核心筒结构具有良好的变形能力,约束边缘区域配置型钢能提高试件的强度和延性;在角部设置叠合柱的试件,其抗侧刚度和耗能能力有显著提高;带钢板暗支撑高阻尼混凝土核心筒翼墙存在剪力滞后效应,角部叠合柱的设置能降低剪力滞后系数,进一步发挥核心筒的整体空间作用。通过与试验结果的对比与校验,应用OpenSees有限元软件建立高阻尼混凝土带钢板暗支撑组合核心筒试件非线性分析模型,以此非线性分析模型为基础,考察了轴压比对高阻尼带钢板暗支撑混凝土核心筒抗震性能的影响,结果表明即使在试验轴压比为0.6的情况下,这种核心筒的延性与变形指标仍能满足规范要求。     

氯氧镁水泥混凝土路面性能试验研究

氯氧镁水泥混凝土是由轻烧氧化镁、氯化镁溶液和一些砂石反应生成的一种气硬性胶凝材料。利用镁水泥混凝土修筑示范路面,通过回弹仪、X-Ray 衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)检测路面的抗压强度、相组成和微观结构。结果表明：修筑示范路面早期抗压强度增加很快,三天就能通车,后期基本保持稳定。修筑路面的主要相组成为5.1.8相,不随路面使用时间的延长而变化且其具有针状结构。     

地震环境下钢筋混凝土箱梁复合受力特性分析

利用传统有限元分析法对地震环境下钢筋混凝土箱梁复合受力特性分析时,采用专家经验进行配筋,存在较强的主观意识,导致获取的复合受力特性分析结果存在偏差。根据以往的实验研究参数结合国家对混凝土桥梁参数的限制条件,构建地震环境下钢筋混凝土箱梁复合受力实验模型。设定实验模型尺寸,根据模型尺寸选择模型材料,采用圆钢与角钢搭建跨梁连续支座,融合反力架与千斤顶设计实验加载方案;根据方案中得出的配筋计算结果,获取地震环境下钢筋连续箱梁复合受力实验模型的科学配筋方案。实验结果表明,该实验模型可对地震环境下钢筋混凝土箱梁复合受力特性进行全面、准确分析。     

复式钢管混凝土外肋环板节点抗剪承载力研究

在已有理论和试验研究的基础上,对复式钢管混凝土外肋环板节点的抗剪受力性能进行分析。建立了节点核心区的抗剪受力模型,将节点域抗剪贡献分为三部分:节点域内外钢管腹板的抗剪贡献、节点主要连接件竖向肋板与锚固腹板的抗剪贡献以及节点域混凝土的抗剪贡献,推导了复式钢管混凝土柱节点屈服抗剪承载力和极限抗剪承载力的计算公式,为复式钢管混凝土柱节点的工程设计提供承载力计算方法。理论得到的节点屈服剪力和极限剪力值与试验结果进行了对比,并提出抗剪能力储备系数这一新指标反映节点的抗剪切破坏能力,量化地解释了节点发生梁铰破坏后抗剪能力的安全储备。得出此类新型节点在破坏时抗剪储备能力充足,可保证节点达到良好延性的破坏模式,说明节点设计符合强剪弱弯的抗震设计原则。     

RC structures cyclic behavior simulation with a model integrating plasticity,damage, and bond‐slip

The behavior of reinforced concrete structures under severe demands, as strong ground motions, is highly complex; this is mainly due to the complexity of concrete behavior and to the strong interaction between concrete and steel, with several coupled failure modes. On the other hand, given the increasing awareness and concern on the worldwide seismic risk, new developments have arisen in earthquake engineering; nonetheless, some developments are mainly based on simple analytical tools that are widely used, given their moderate computational cost. This research aims to provide a solid basis for validation and calibration of such developments by using computationally efficient continuum mechanics‐based tools. Within this context, this paper presents a model for 3D simulation of cyclic behavior of RC structures. The model integrates a bond‐slip model developed by one of the authors and the damage variable evolution methodology for concrete damage plastic model developed by some authors. In the integrated model, a new technique is derived for efficient 3D analysis of bond‐slip of 2 or more crossing reinforcing bars in beam‐column joints, slabs, footings, pile caps, and other similar members. The analysis is performed by implementing the bond‐slip model in a user element subroutine of Abaqus and the damage variable evolution methodology in the original concrete damage plastic model in the package. Two laboratory experiments consisting of a column and a frame subjected to cyclic displacements up to failure are simulated with the proposed formulation.     

Modelling of R/C members accounting for shear failure localisation: Hysteretic shear model

Reinforced concrete (R/C) frame buildings designed according to older seismic codes represent a large part of the existing building stock worldwide. Their structural elements are often vulnerable to shear or flexure‐shear failure, which can eventually lead to loss of axial load resistance of vertical elements and initiate vertical progressive collapse of a building. In this study, a hysteretic model capturing the local shear response of shear‐deficient R/C elements is described in detail, with emphasis on post‐peak behaviour; it differs from existing models in that it considers the localisation of shear strains after the onset of shear failure in a critical length defined by the diagonal failure planes. Additionally, an effort is made to improve the state of the art in post‐peak shear response modelling, by compiling the largest database of experimental results for shear and flexure‐shear critical R/C columns cycled well beyond the onset of shear failure and/or up to the onset of axial failure, and developing empirical relationships for the key parameters defining the local backbone post‐peak shear response of such elements. The implementation of the derived local hysteretic shear model in a computationally efficient beam‐column finite element model with distributed shear flexibility, which accounts for all deformation types, will be presented in a companion paper.     

Modelling of R/C members accounting for shear failure localisation: Finite element model and verification

Reinforced concrete (R/C) frame buildings designed according to older seismic codes represent a large part of the existing building stock worldwide. Their structural elements are often vulnerable to shear or flexure‐shear failure, which can eventually lead to loss of axial load resistance of vertical elements and initiate vertical progressive collapse of a building. In this study, a computationally efficient member‐type finite element model for the hysteretic response of shear critical R/C frame elements up to the onset of axial failure is presented; it accounts for shear‐flexure interaction and considers, for the first time, the localisation of shear strains, after the onset of shear failure, in a critical length defined by the diagonal failure plane. Its predictive capabilities are verified against experimental results of column and frame specimens and are shown to be accurate not only in terms of total response, but also with regard to individual deformation components. The accuracy, versatility, and simplicity of this finite element model make it a valuable tool in seismic analysis of complex R/C buildings with shear deficient structural elements.     

Finite element analysis of damage and failure of reinforced concrete members under earthquake loading

This paper presents a three‐dimensional analysis framework, based on the explicit finite element method, for the simulation of reinforced concrete components under cyclic static and dynamic loading. A recently developed triaxial constitutive model for concrete is combined with a material model for reinforcing steel which can account for rupture due to low‐cycle fatigue. The reinforcing bars are represented with geometrically nonlinear beam elements to account for buckling of the reinforcement. The strain penetration effect is also accounted for in the models. The modeling scheme is used in a commercial finite element program and validated with the results of experimental static and dynamic tests on reinforced concrete columns and walls. The analyses are supplemented with a parametric study to investigate the impact of several modeling assumptions on the obtained results.