基于Forrestal侵彻试验的数值模拟研究

在弹丸侵彻混凝土的数值模拟过程中,材料模型及其相关参数的选取是一项关键且复杂的工作,其原因在于混凝土动力学材料模型参数众多,一般都在几十个以上,而且大多数参数无法通过试验直接获得,有些甚至没有明确的物理意义。通常的办法是通过试验确定少量参数,然后通过数值模拟计算结果反推其他模型参数。鉴于这种情况,非线性动力分析软件LS–DYNA增加了自动生成参数的功能,该成果是由Schwer等在损伤混凝土材料模型的基础上通过大量总结得到的,该特性很大程度上方便了用户在混凝土侵彻数值模拟方面的工作。利用LS–DYNA的该项功能,模拟了Forrestal的部分侵彻试验,并将计算结果同试验数据、经验公式计算结果做了对比分析。结果表明,自动生成参数功能是一种研究弹丸侵彻混凝土问题的简单而有效的办法。     

Laboratory and field performance of recycled aggregate base in a seasonally cold region

The objective of this project was to characterize the freeze-thaw properties of recycled concrete (RCA) and asphalt (RAP) as unbound base and to assess how they behaved in the field for nearly 8 years. This paper includes an examination of existing information, laboratory studies of freeze-thaw behavior, and evaluation of data from MnROAD field-test sections in a seasonally cold region, i.e., in Minnesota, USA. Test sections were constructed using recycled materials in the granular base layers at the MnROAD test facility. One test section included 100% RAP, another 100% RCA, a third one a 50/50 blend of RCA/natural aggregate, and a fourth one only natural aggregate (Class 5) as a control. The stiffness (i.e., elastic modulus) was monitored during construction and throughout the pavement life by the Minnesota Department of Transportation, along with the variation of temperatures and moisture regimes in the pavement to determine their effects on pavement performance. The resilient modulus of each material was determined by bench-scale testing in accordance with NCHRP 1-28a, as well as by field-scale tests incorporating a falling-weight deflectometer. Specimens were subjected to as many as 20 cycles of freeze-thaw in the laboratory, and the change in their resilient modulus was measured. In the field-test sections constructed with the same materials as the base course, temperature, moisture, and field modulus (from falling-weight deflectometer tests) were monitored seasonally for nearly 8 years. From the temperatures in the base course layer, the number of freeze-thaw cycles experienced in the field was determined for each test section. Inferences were made relative to modulus change versus freeze-thaw cycles. Conclusions were drawn for long-term field performances of the recycled base (RAB) in comparison to natural aggregate.     

钢筋混凝土管桩反射波法的三维有限元分析

对桩-土系统用三维有限元模型和Wilson- 直接积分法计算钢筋混凝土管桩顶面的瞬态动力响应,并由此分析了管桩顶面不同测点的反射波信号特征及其与桩身缺陷的对应规律。计算结果表明：管桩顶部波传播的三维效应对桩身浅部局部缺陷深度的判断有较大的影响,所得结论对由反射波法检测管桩全截面断裂和局部缺陷以及传感器的合理布置有较大的指导作用。     

The Effect of Concrete Deformation on Displacement of an Axially Loaded Drilled Shaft

This article presents the settlement of drilled shafts resulting from their structural deformations. Although drilled shafts are widely used as foundations for settlement-sensitive structures such as bridges and high-rise buildings, the structural deformations of drilled shafts are not typically taken into account in the design process. However, if unexpected structural deformations of drilled shafts cause additional settlement to the foundation, the serviceability of the superstructure can be jeopardized. Unfortunately, very few research efforts have been made to quantify the structural deformation of drilled shafts; this needs to be addressed to accurately predict the settlement of drilled shafts. In this study, we investigate the effect of structural deformation on displacement of axially loaded drilled shafts. Finite element analyses were performed to quantify the structural deformation of drilled shafts. The analysis results indicated that the structural deformation of drilled shafts could be quite significant for long drilled shafts. The main factors that affected the structural deformation of drilled shafts were found to be pile length, the material properties of drilled shafts, and the relative humidity of surrounding soil. An approximate equation is proposed to estimate the long-term deformation of drilled shafts.     

广州新白云国际机场地基处理工程研究——高压注砂浆与袖阀管注浆相结合方法

广州新白云国际机场地基中广泛发育土洞、溶洞等不良工程地质现象，地基条件极其复杂。为保证构筑物的安全，在土、溶洞处理工程中采用了高压注砂浆与袖阀管注浆相结合的施工方法，通过对施工方法与技术要求的总结，归纳了质量控制要点，并概述了施工中容易出现的问题并提出处理措施。采用高压注砂浆与袖阀管注浆相结合的工艺，即加快了工程进度，降低了工即程造价，又达到预想的效果。     

桩基内力长期监测中的蠕变影响分析

以黄土地区桩基浸水试验为代表的桩身内力长期监测过程中,桩身混凝土除发生弹性应变外还会发生蠕变,以往工作中往往忽略了混凝土在轴力长期作用下蠕变对测试结果的影响,但蠕变真实存在,它对内力测试结果的影响程度以及如何消除其影响值得研究。根据现场实测试验资料对比分析表明,长时间的桩基内力测试应考虑桩身蠕变的影响;基于混凝土蠕变的相关理论,推导了从实测应变中扣除桩身蠕变的公式;从消除蠕变影响角度分析了黄土桩基浸水试验中应采取的措施,其关键技术是控制试验桩的混凝土强度等级,在桩顶附近设置标定段,并保持标定段混凝土的温度和湿度恒定,且与下部桩体一致,获得具有代表性的蠕变度函数曲线。     

再生混凝土短柱抗震性能试验研究

本文进行了4个剪跨比为1.75的再生混凝土短柱模型抗震性能对比试验,模型按1/2缩尺。模型1为普通混凝土短柱,模型2为再生粗细骨料取代率均为50%的再生混凝土短柱,模型3为再生粗细骨料取代率均为100%的再生混凝土短柱,模型4为再生粗细骨料取代率均为100%且带交叉钢筋的再生混凝土短柱。分析了各模型的承载力、刚度及其退化过程、滞回特性、位移延性、耗能能力、破坏形态。研究表明:随着再生骨料取代率的增加,其混凝土的弹性模量明显减小,试件初始刚度、承载力、耗能能力明显下降;加设交叉钢筋的试件抗震性能显著提高;再生混凝土柱可以在轴压比较小的结构中应用。提出了基于再生混凝土强度折减的承载力简化计算方法,计算结果与实测值符合较好。     

Advances in studies on concrete durability and countermeasures against freezing-thawing effects

This paper is a meta-analysis of recent domestic and foreign research on freezing-thawing effects on concrete durability. The main theories on the mechanisms of freeze-thaw damage to concrete are introduced： the hydrostatic pressure theory, the osmotic pressure theory, the critical water saturation degree theory, the dual mechanism theory, and the micro-ice-crystal lens model theory. The influence laws of freezing-thawing on the mechanical properties of concrete are summarized, and countermeasures to improve concrete durability in freezing-thawing circumstances are presented. This work provides valuable references for future engineering constructions in cold regions.     

Study on a new shear wall system with shaking table test and finite element analysis

A new seismic energy dissipation shear wall structure is proposed in this paper. The new shear wall is one with purposely built‐in vertical slits within the wall panel, and rubber belts as seismic energy dissipation devices are installed in the vertical slits. In order to verify this concept, shaking table tests of a 10‐storey shear wall model with rubber belts filled in the vertical slits were carried out, and comparison of seismic behaviour was made between the new shear wall system and a shear wall with reinforced concrete connecting beams as energy dissipation. Furthermore, the seismic behaviour of this new shear wall is analysed by a finite element time history analysis method. The test and analysis show that the new shear wall system has a very good ability to dissipate seismic energy and is easy to use in engineering practice. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道外包混凝土的裂缝控制研究

基于钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道在设计荷载下外包混凝土将带裂缝工作的基本承载特性,以缓解开裂与限裂间的矛盾为指导思想,将减小坝后背管外包混凝土裂缝宽度和提高开裂管道的耐久性作为研究目的,结合模型试验和有限元法,研究了一些裂缝控制措施的应用效果,以及有效的计算内水压力下钢衬外包混凝土裂缝宽度的公式。结果表明：总用钢量相同时,减薄钢衬,加大钢筋用量,减小裂缝宽度效果明显;减薄钢衬外包混凝土厚度,也可减小裂缝宽度;性能可靠的防水涂料具备黏接性强和变形能力高的基本性质,可进一步研究其对提高管道耐久性的长期作用;采用П-780-83规范中的裂缝宽度公式,计算结果与模型试验结果较为符合。