川藏公路中段地质灾害现象的航空遥感研究

川藏公路巴塘至林芝段位于我国青藏高原东南部,该地区是现今地壳运动十分强烈的地区之一,地形起伏强烈,气候变化多样,因此地质灾害十分发育,川藏公路就穿过这样一个复杂的地区。为查明公路沿线的地质灾害分布情况,90年代初,地矿部航空物探遥感中心沿川藏公路进行了彩色红外航空摄影,比例尺为1∶6万。通过彩色红外航片的解译及野外实地观测,圈定出滑坡、泥石流及崩塌等灾害现象,并对这些灾害的强度、活动性及其对公路的影响进行分析,最后对灾害成因及治理方法提出了建议。     

Spectroscopy, morphometry, and photoclinometry of Titan's dunefields from Cassini/VIMS

Fine-resolution (500 m/pixel) Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) T20 observations of Titan resolve that moon's sand dunes. The spectral variability in some dune regions shows that there are sand-free interdune areas, wherein VIMS spectra reveal the exposed dune substrate. The interdunes from T20 are, variously, materials that correspond to the equatorial bright, 5-μm-bright, and dark blue spectral units. Our observations show that an enigmatic “dark red” spectral unit seen in T5 in fact represents a macroscopic mixture with 5-μm-bright material and dunes as its spectral endmembers. Looking more broadly, similar mixtures of varying amounts of dune and interdune units of varying composition can explain the spectral and albedo variability within the dark brown dune global spectral unit that is associated with dunes. The presence of interdunes indicates that Titan's dunefields are both mature and recently active. The spectrum of the dune endmember reveals the sand to be composed of less water ice than the rest of Titan; various organics are consistent with the dunes' measured reflectivity. We measure a mean dune spacing of 2.1 km, and find that the dunes are oriented on the average in an east-west direction, but angling up to 10° from parallel to the equator in specific cases. Where no interdunes are present, we determine the height of one set of dunes photoclinometrically to be between 30 and 70 m. These results pave the way for future exploration and interpretation of Titan's sand dunes.     

The Ascraeus Mons fan-shaped deposit: Volcano-ice interactions and the climatic implications of cold-based tropical mountain glaciation

Amazonian-aged fan-shaped deposits extending to the northwest of each of the Tharsis Montes in the Tharsis region on Mars have been interpreted to have originated from mass-wasting, volcanic, tectonic and/or glacial processes. We use new data from MRO, MGS, and Odyssey to characterize these deposits. Building on recent evidence for cold-based glacial activity at Pavonis Mons and Arsia Mons, we interpret the smaller Ascraeus fan-shaped deposit to be of glacial origin. Our geomorphological assessment reveals a number of characteristics indicative of glacial growth and retreat, including: (1) a ridged facies, interpreted to be composed of drop moraines emplaced during episodic glacial advance and retreat, (2) a knobby facies, interpreted to represent vertical downwasting of the ice sheet, and (3) complex ridges showing a cusp-like structure. We also see evidence of volcano-ice interactions in the form of: (1) an arcuate inward-facing scarp, interpreted to have formed by the chilling of lava flows against the glacial margin, (2) a plateau feature, interpreted to represent a subglacial eruption, and (3) knobby facies superimposed on flat-topped flows with leveed channels, interpreted to be subglacial inflated lava flows that subsequently drained and are covered by glacial till. We discuss the formation mechanisms of these morphologies during cold-based glacial activity and concurrent volcanism. On the basis of a Mid- to Late-Amazonian age (250-380 Ma) established from crater size-frequency distribution data, we explore the climatic implications of recent glaciation at low latitudes on Mars. GCM results show that increased insolation to the poles at high obliquities (>45°) forces sublimation of polar ice, which is transported to lower latitudes and deposited on the flanks of the Tharsis Montes. We assess how local orographic effects, the mass balance of the glacier, and the position of equilibrium line altitudes, all played a role in producing the observed geomorphologies. In doing so, we outline a glacial history for the evolution of the Ascraeus Mons fan-shaped deposit and compare its initiation, growth and demise with those of Arsia Mons and Pavonis Mons.     

建设中国地质学会为世界一流学会的对策和建议

中国地质学会第40届理事会提出了将中国地质学会建设成为国内领先、世界一流学会的设想。为实现这一目标,本文将中国地质学会与美国地质学会、英国地质学会、澳大利亚地质学会、加拿大地质学会等4家地质领域世界领先学会进行了对比分析,找出了差距,明确了目标,并对如何将中国地质学会建成国内领先、世界一流学会提出了对策和建议。     

贵州省兴义市箐脚金矿床地质特征及找矿前景分析

箐脚金矿床位于雄武背斜近轴部南东翼南西段,金矿赋存于中、上二叠统之间的构造蚀变岩石中。矿体为层状、似层状、透镜状,矿石多为莓状、球状、胶状、环边状结构,星散浸染状、角砾状、晶洞状、薄膜状构造。本文对矿床的成矿地质特征、矿石结构构造、物质组成、蚀变特征等进行分析总结并对矿床成因进行探讨,分析了找矿前景。认为沿已知矿体走向和倾向上加强研究和深部钻探揭露可进一步扩大矿床规模,矿区仍有较大的找矿远景。     

吉林省红旗岭矿区7号岩体群地质特征及对地质找矿的指导意义

红旗岭矿区的南东部存在7、32、33号三个岩体,一般统称为7号岩体群。7号岩体是矿区发现含铜、镍矿最大的岩体,32与33号岩体分布在7号岩体的北西部。通过对这三个岩体的地质特征进行分析,利用3Dmine软件建模技术,对三个岩体、岩相、矿体建立三维模型。对模型进行观察、分析,结合成岩成矿地质理论,发现三个岩体是由来自7号岩体的南东部深部岩浆源生成的,岩浆由7号岩体的南东部深部向北西方向侵入,地质历史上三个岩体是一个大岩体,只是经过长期的风化剥蚀和地质构造改造形成目前的3个岩体,显示7号岩体的南东部深部具有找矿潜力。     

甘肃省城市地质调查工作探析

城市地质工作贯穿于城市建设发展的全过程,是城市规划建设和经济社会发展的重要基础支撑,是未来地质工作的重要发展方向。围绕各城市规划建设、运行、转型升级、选址布局、防灾减灾、美化环境等所亟需的自然资源与城镇化进程中面临的各种地质环境问题,结合甘肃省情对地质工作的需求,提出甘肃省城市地质工作在未来8年里的总体战略构想,开展基础性综合地质填图、多要素城市地质调查、城市地质信息化智慧化建设,对城市开发建设、地质资源绿色利用、地方重大工程建设、城市生态安全体系构建,提供地质支撑。     

薄杖子钾长石矿地质特征及开发应用前景

通过对薄杖子钾长石矿地质特征分析,阐述了该矿床的成因类型,为中酸性侵入岩型。钾长石矿严格受沿断裂侵入的燕山期碱性正长岩小岩株控制,通过岩浆结晶分离作用而形成,区内矿体基本裸露于地表,地表出露体呈零星分布,矿体形态均不规则。矿体的主要矿物为钾长石,次要矿物为石英、条纹长石、绢云母、黑云母、角闪石,副矿物为黄铁矿、磁铁矿。矿石自然类型为碱性正长岩型,工业类型为玻璃及建筑陶瓷用钾长石矿,开发利用方向为玻璃及建筑陶瓷工业原料。     

Paleoproterozoic volcanic rocks in the southern margin of the North China Craton,central China:Implications for the Columbia supercontinent

The volcanic rocks of the Xiong'er Group are situated in the southern margin of the North China Craton(NCC).Research on the Xiong er Group is important to understand the tectonic evolution of the NCC and the Columbia supercontinent during the Paleoproterozoic.In this study,to constrain the age of the Xiong'er volcanic rocks and identify its tectonic environment,we report zircon LA-ICP-MS data with Hf isotope,whole-rock major and trace element compositions and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes of the volcanic rocks of the Xiong'er Group.The Xiong'er volcanic rocks mainly consist of basaltic andesite,andesite.dacite and rhyolite,with minor basalt.Our new sets of data combined with those from previous studies indicate that Xiong'er volcanism should have lasted from 1827 Ma to 1746 Ma as the major phase of the volcanism.These volcanics have extremely low MgO.Cr and Ni contents,are enriched in LREEs and LILEs but depleted in HFSEs(Nb,Ta,and Ti),similar to arc-related volcanic rocks.They are characterized by negative zircon ε_(Hf)_(t) values of-17.4 to 8.8,whole-rock initial ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr values of 0.7023 to 0.7177 andε_(Nd)(t) values of-10.9 to 6.4.and Pb isotopes(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb =14.366-16.431,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb =15.106-15.371,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb= 32.455-37.422).The available elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope data suggest that the Xiong'er volcanic rocks were sourced from a mantle contaminated by continental crust.The volcanic rocks of the Xiong'er Group might have been generated by high-degree partial melting of a lithospheric mantle that was originally modified by oceanic subduction in the Archean.Thus,we suggest that the subduction-modified lithospheric mantle occurred in an extensional setting during the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent in the Late Paleoproterozoic,rather than in an arc setting.