Late glacial and Holocene vegetation history at Poets hill lake,western Tasmania

Pollen analysis of 3.25 m of late glacial and Holocene sediments gives a mid‐altitude (600 m) record of vegetation development after the last or Margaret Glaciation. Alpine herbfield, coniferous heath and Nothofagus gunnli scrub developed on the moraines until 11,400 BP. Wet montane forest and heath then developed with Phyllocladus aspleniifolius, Nothofagus cunninghamii and Eucalyptus until c. 10,000 BP. After 10,000 BP a mosaic of N. cunninghamii rainforest, Myrtaceae and Proteaceae scrub and Sprengelia incarnata heath occurred. The development of the vegetation from alpine communities to temperate rainforest, which is near its limit at 600 m, occurred under the influence of improving climatic conditions with rapid upslope migration or local expansion of taxa during the late glacial. Temperatures were warm enough for the development of rainforest at 600 m by 10,000 BP, if not earlier. The development of a mosaic of rainforest, scrub and heath vegetation rather than extensive rainforest after 10,000 BP reflects the influence of poor soils, bad drainage and fires. Comparison with similar pollen diagrams from western Tasmania suggests that the development of pollen/vegetation associations was time transgressive with altitude during the late glacial when climatic influences and migration rates were important, and that the mosaic of vegetation communities became more complex during the Holocene because of adjustment to or control by local ecological factors.     

河北坝上疏缓丘陵华北落叶松人工林生长特性研究

研究表明，坝上疏缓丘陵区华北落叶松（Ｌａｒｉｘｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｉｓ－ｒｕｐｐｒｅｃｈｔｉｉ）人工林高１５龄前生长阴坡大于阳坡，１５－２１龄高生长从大到小依次为阴坡中部、阳坡下部、阴坡下部；直径、材积生长阳坡大于阴坡。因此，在降水量、气温均低于华北落叶松天然分布区的坝上地区，丘陵阴坡水分条件较好，强阳性树种华北落叶松幼树生长较快，容易形成人工片林，而丘陵阳坡热量条件较好，幼树生长较慢，但成林后林分生产力较高。丘陵阴坡中部的华北落叶松人工林，２８龄后可进行天然更新，而其它立地３０龄以前不能天然更新。     

西金乌兰晚二叠-早三叠世石英砂岩及其大地构造意义

在西金乌兰发现一套晚二叠一早三叠世的石英砂岩和底砾岩,不整合于晚古生代。蛇绿混杂岩之上。沉积构造、结构、成分和粒度分析结果证明这套石英砂岩为海滩亚相石英砂岩;其物源区大地构造背景为克拉通内陆块,沉积环境为稳定陆块边缘,类似被动大陆边缘。表明本区古特提斯洋于早二叠世末一晚二叠世初基本闭合后,在晚二叠一早三叠世处于相对稳定阶段。     

山区三维静校正方法研究

依托国家重大产业技术开发专项“西部煤炭资源高精度三维地震勘探技术”,对“山西国阳新能股份有限公司二矿390水平九采区高精度三维地震勘探”及山西阳泉五矿首采区老资料研究二个项目进行资料处理,以攻克影响勘探精度和分辨率的静校正问题。通过对二区块地震资料分别采用绿山折射静校正、综合折射静校正、层析静校正,发现综合折射静校正相对于绿山折射静校正,可以较好的解决静校正的短波长分量、长波长分量问题,更加准确的刻化出地质构造情况,而层析静校正能够更好地解决近地表横向速度变化大、地表没有同一稳定折射层、地表存在高速体等复杂地形的静校正问题,保证同相叠加和正确成像,提高资料的分辨率及勘探精度。     

Late Quaternary drainage reorganization assisted by surface faulting: The example of the Katrol Hill Fault zone,Kachchh, western India

Drainage reorganization on restricted temporal and spatial scales is poorly-documented. We attempt to decode the relatively complicated mechanism of drainage realignment involving two small rivers that show structurally controlled, highly anomalous channel networks. We provide geomorphic and shallow subsurface evidence using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for the presence of a buried paleo-valley flowing northward through the wind gap and surface faulting along the range bounding Katrol Hill Fault (KHF) which correlates with the previously known three surface faulting events in last ~30 ka bp . Most of the present river channels and the KHF zone are occupied by aeolian miliolite (local name) which is stratigraphic and lithologic equivalent of the Late Quaternary carbonate rich aeolianite deposits occurring in several parts of the globe. The history of drainage evolution in the study area comprises pre-miliolite, syn-miliolite and post-miliolite phases. Geomorphic evidences show that the paleo-Gangeshwar River flowed north through the wind gap and paleo-valley, while the short paleo-Gunawari occupied the saddle zone to the east of Ler dome prior to and during the phase of miliolite deposition which ended by ~40 ka bp . Southward tilting of the Katrol Hill Range (KHR) due to surface faulting cut off the catchment of the paleo-Gangeshwar River. The abandoned catchment stream extended its channel eastward along the strike through top-down process while the paleo-Gunawari River extended its course westward by headward erosion (bottom-up process). As the channels advanced towards each other they joined to produce the “S”-shaped bend which formed the capture point. We conclude that multiple surface faulting events along the KHF in the last ~30 ka bp , resulted in uplift and tilting of the KHR which caused drainage realignment by river diversion, beheading and river capture. Our study shows that the complexity of drainage reorganization processes is more explicit on shorter rather than longer timescales.     

Geology, petrochemistry, and genesis of the bimodal lavas of Osham Hill, Saurashtra, northwestern Deccan Traps

The Saurashtra region in the northwestern Deccan continental flood basalt province (India) is notable for compositionally diverse volcano-plutonic complexes and abundant rhyolites and granophyres. A lava flow sequence of rhyolite-pitchstone-basaltic andesite is exposed in Osham Hill in western Saurashtra. The Osham silicic lavas are Ba-poor and with intermediate Zr contents compared to other Deccan rhyolites. The Osham silicic lavas are enriched in the light rare earth elements, and have ε_Nd (t = 65 Ma) values between −3.1 and −6.5 and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of 0.70709-0.70927. The Osham basaltic andesites have initial ε_Nd values between +2.2 and −1.3, and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of 0.70729-0.70887. Large-ion-lithophile element concentrations and Sr isotopic ratios may have been affected somewhat by weathering; notably, the Sr isotopic ratios of the silicic and mafic rocks overlap. However, the Nd isotopic data indicate that the silicic lavas are significantly more contaminated by continental lithosphere than the mafic lavas. We suggest that the Osham basaltic andesites were derived by olivine gabbro fractionation from low-Ti picritic rocks of the type found throughout Saurashtra. The isotopic compositions, and the similar Al₂O₃ contents of the Osham silicic and mafic lavas, rule out an origin of the silicic lavas by fractional crystallization of mafic liquids, with or without crustal assimilation. As previously proposed for some Icelandic rhyolites, and supported here by MELTS modelling, the Osham silicic lavas may have been derived by partial melting of hot mafic intrusions emplaced at various crustal depths, due to heating by repetitively injected basalts. The absence of mixing or mingling between the rhyolitic and basaltic andesite lavas of Osham Hill suggests that they reached the surface via separate pathways.     

内蒙古察右中旗乌兰巴山复式岩体的岩石学及地球化学特征

在1/5万袁家房子等四幅区域矿产地质填图的基础上,对乌兰巴山复式岩体的野外地质特征、岩石学、矿物学、地球化学和同位素年代学等方面进行了初步研究。同位素锆石u-Pb分析结果表明,^206Db/^236U表面年龄为225.4±1.6Ma岩体,侵位时代为早三叠纪。该岩体总体展布受区域北东向构造控制明显。岩石化学、地球化学表明该复式岩体属钙碱性岩;东壕欠闪长岩可能为地幔成因,并有地壳物质的加入,乌兰巴山等花岗岩、二长花岗岩可能为壳源成因。稀土元素配分曲线显示出向右倾的平坦曲线型,轻稀土富集,重稀土明显亏损,无明显的铕异常。     

北京昌平高崖口-南口隐伏岩溶水系统地质构造新认识

高崖口-南口岩溶水系统是北京七大岩溶水系统之一,其东北部位于昌平南口,是隐伏岩溶地下水排泄区。查明该区地质构造发育情况,可以为评价岩溶水资源及北京优选战略后备水源地提供依据。本文在分析前人区域性重磁资料基础上,完成了5条总长30 km、总测点数626个的可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)剖面,采用SCS2D程序对CSAMT数据进行了二维反演解释,并实施了4眼勘探孔。物探和钻探研究结果表明:南口-孙河断裂是该系统的北东边界,走向北西,倾向南西,在雪山村附近断层落差达1017.5 m,是目前发现的断距最大的地区;断裂上盘蓟县系碳酸盐岩与侏罗系火山岩的地层界线,向西移动了2.4 km;南口山前断裂是山区裸露岩溶与平原隐伏岩溶的分界断裂,断裂走向北东,倾向南东,断距大于700 m,断裂上盘曹庄至南口一带有燕山期二长岩侵入,流村-葛村一带有燕山期闪长岩侵入。广泛发育的断层、岩体和火山岩,使这一区域岩溶含水层空间受到较大制约。     

青海省乌兰乌珠尔斑岩铜矿床地质特征与成因

乌兰乌珠尔斑岩铜矿位于柴达木盆地西缘,为受花岗斑岩脉控制的斑岩型铜矿。岩石化学、稀土和微量元素特征表明:控矿花岗斑岩与围岩(似斑状)斜长花岗岩为钙碱性系列,具轻稀土富集、显著的δEu负异常和Sr、Ba、Ca亏损特征,形成于同碰撞造山环境,与华力西晚期—印支期松潘—甘孜古特提斯洋俯冲碰撞闭合有关。控矿花岗斑岩及其围岩热液蚀变强烈,显示良好的蚀变分带。主要蚀变有钾硅化、绢英岩化和青磐岩化,控矿斑岩内部为钾化和硅化叠加绢英岩化带,近斑岩两侧围岩为绢英岩化带,外侧为青磐岩化带。铜矿化强度与蚀变强度有显著正相关关系。铜矿体空间分布、产状及规模受控矿花岗斑岩体控制。矿床的矿物组合、热液蚀变、硫、氧同位素和流体包裹体测温结果显示矿床形成于中高温环境,流体和成矿物质主要来源于岩浆,乌兰乌珠尔铜矿属与高中温岩浆热液作用有关的斑岩型铜矿。     

乌兰布和沙漠北部全新世地貌演化

根据对乌兰布和沙漠北部地区全新世风沙和湖泊沉积记录及其沉积时代进行分析,认为全新世以来,乌兰布和沙漠北部地区地貌演化经历了4个主要的发育时期:Q₃³~Q₄¹湖泊地貌发育时期,Q₄¹风沙地貌发育时期,Q₄²湖(河)(屠申泽)地貌发育时期和Q₄³风沙地貌发育时期。全新世中期屠申泽最为繁盛的时期,湖泊相互沟通,范围几乎占据了整个乌兰布和沙漠北部地区,之后经历了自南向北的萎缩、分化过程,而屠申泽的萎缩、分化过程正是乌兰布和沙漠晚全新世风沙地貌发育并不断扩张的过程,这是一个以自然环境变化为主因、以人为影响为辅因的变化过程。