乌兰布和沙漠人工绿洲沙害综合控制技术体系

将乌兰布和沙漠绿洲分为绿洲生态经济核心区、绿洲-荒漠生态缓冲区和自然荒漠生态恢复区3个功能区,基于各功能区的地貌、植被、土壤及沙害特征与沙源,立足因地制宜规划、因害设防整治的设计思想,提出“流沙固阻带、封沙育草带、防风阻沙带、绿洲防护林网”四带一体的综合防治体系防御流沙入侵,采用工程、农艺等应急措施体系控制绿洲内土壤风蚀和零星流沙的危害,为人工绿洲沙害的综合控制提供了科学依据。     

Determining safe yield and mapping water level zoning in groundwater resources of the Neishabour Plain

Groundwater is a crucial sources of water supply, especially in arid and semi-arid areas around the world. With uncontrolled withdrawals and limited availability of these resources, it is essential to determine the safe yield of these valuable resources. The Hill method approach was used in this study to determine the safe yield the Neishabour aquifer in Khorasan Razvi province in Iran. The results showed that the safe yield in the Neishabour aquifer is 60% lower than the current pumping amounts...     

SEDEX型矿床中电气石岩的地质特征及找矿意义

电气石岩是一种富硼的硅质喷气岩,主要产于以沉积岩为容矿岩石的喷气矿床中及附近。研究广泛认为其与喷流-沉积型块状硫化物矿床(SEDEX矿床)有着密切的关系,并被视为该类矿床找矿勘探的标志岩性之一。综述了电气石岩的产出环境、形态、岩石学、地球化学等地质特征,分析了电气石岩的沉积环境及成因。以澳大利亚布罗肯希尔地区电气石岩与矿化的关系为例,对其地质找矿意义进行了总结与展望。     

Formation of Ulan Buh desert and its environmental changes during the Holocene

Extensive investigations and studies on topography, sedimentary and chronology show new evidence for the formation and evolution of the Ulan Buh desert during early Holocene. Evidence on clay-sand strata and plant roots under interdune lowlands, lake shorelines covered by plenty of Corbicula largillierti and large amounts of dry salt lakes in the central region of the desert prove that many megalakes existed in the hinterland of Ulan Buh desert. Several OSL samples collected from Aeolian sands overlying lacustrine sediments in profiles around Jilantai Salt Lake and interdune lowlands in the southern Ulan Buh desert suggest that the desert began around 7 ka B.P.. The formation of Ulan Buh desert may have resulted from the shrinking of Jilantai megalakes and sands blown from exposed loose sediments. __________ Translated from Journal of Desert Research, 2007, 27(6): 927–931 [译自: 中国沙漠]     

乌兰布和沙漠周边典型植物群落防风阻沙效果北大核心CSCD

为揭示荒漠生态系统典型群落样地对近地层风沙活动规律,阐明荒漠生态系统中不同植被类型的防风阻沙效果,在乌兰布和沙漠东北缘荒漠-绿洲过渡带选择油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)、霸王(Sarcozygium xanthoxylon)、梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、四合木(Tetraena mongolica)4种典型植物群落,以裸沙丘作为对照样地(CK)开展群落风沙活动观测研究。结果表明:群落内风速廓线符合对数分布规律;相对于裸沙丘地,4个样地的地表粗糙度显著增加,防风效果随距地高度增加而减小;在植物高度范围内,植物防风效果较好,植物高度范围外的防风效果减小,但仍有一定防风作用。植被的防风阻沙效果差异性来源于植被构型的差异。群落样地的输沙率符合指数Q=a+e^(bH)(a>0,b<0),且显著小于对照样地,植被可以有效减少近地表层输沙。4种群落距地面0—100 cm高度范围阻沙效果梭梭>霸王>四合木>油蒿。植被的防风固沙效果与植被高度、盖度和侧盖度线性关系显著。群落高度、盖度和侧盖度作为植物构型量化的一种形式,在其中起到关键作用。油蒿、霸王、梭梭及四合木群落在该地区具有良好的防风阻沙效果。     

黑龙江258高地金矿区侵入岩锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学特征

258高地金矿床地处黑龙江省完达山成矿带东部,矿化与岩浆侵入活动密切相关。文章利用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年方法,对258高地金矿区的二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩及闪长玢岩进行了年代学研究,获得258金矿区花岗闪长岩的成岩年龄为(118.3±1.1)Ma;3件二长花岗岩样品的成岩年龄分别为(130.5±0.8)Ma、(122.1±0.7)Ma、(118.0±0.9)Ma;2件闪长玢岩的成岩年龄分别为(119.5±1.3)Ma、(107.4±2.2)Ma,表明本区中酸性岩体侵位时代介于131~107 Ma,与西太平洋构造域的早白垩世演化有关。定年结果同时表明矿区存在3期岩浆活动,其中122~118 Ma的二长花岗岩与花岗闪长岩、闪长玢岩的年龄在误差范围内一致,且与金矿成矿关系密切。岩石地球化学显示区内的中酸性侵入岩均为高钾钙碱性过铝质岩石,花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩具有重熔型岩浆岩的特征,可能是加厚地壳物质部分熔融的产物;闪长玢岩脉具有典型壳幔源岛弧岩浆岩的特点。综合研究认为258高地金矿床形成于与板块俯冲有关的活动大陆边缘环境。     

The Great Dun Fell Experiment 1995: an overview

During March and April of 1995 a major international field project was conducted at the UMIST field station site on Great Dun Fell in Cumbria, Northern England. The hill cap cloud which frequently envelopes this site was used as a natural flow through reactor to examine the sensitivity of the cloud microphysics to the aerosol entering the cloud and also to investigate the effects of the cloud in changing the aerosol size distribution, chemical composition and associated optical properties. To investigate these processes, detailed measurements of the cloud water chemistry (including the chemistry of sulphur compounds, organic and inorganic oxidised nitrogen and ammonia), cloud microphysics and properties of the aerosol and trace gas concentrations upwind and downwind of the cap cloud were undertaken. It was found that the cloud droplet number was generally strongly correlated to aerosol number concentration, with up to 2000 activated droplets cm⁻³ being observed in the most polluted conditions. In such conditions it was inferred that hygroscopic organic compounds were important in the activation process. Often, the size distribution of the aerosol was substantially modified by the cloud processing, largely due to the aqueous phase oxidation of S(IV) to sulphate by hydrogen peroxide, but also through the uptake and fixing of gas phase nitric acid as nitrate, increasing the calculated optical scattering of the aerosol substantially (by up to 24%). New particle formation was also observed in the ultrafine aerosol mode (at about 5 nm) downwind of the cap cloud, particularly in conditions of low total aerosol surface area and in the presence of ammonia and HCl gases. This was seen to occur at night as well as during the day via a mechanism which is not yet understood. The implications of these results for parameterising aerosol growth in Global Climate Models are explored.     

华北地台北缘乌兰哈雅地区二叠纪末—三叠纪初推覆构造

华北地台北缘乌兰哈雅地区发现二叠纪未-三叠纪初蒙古寺-盘羊山-乌兰哈雅推覆构造,将晚太古代色尔腾山岩群绿片岩系推覆到震旦系什那干组灰岩和古生代碎屑岩系之上.推覆面走向近东西向,延伸长度大于50 kn,推覆方向180～230o,推覆距离大于4.5 km.推覆界面被中三叠世(U-Pb同位素年龄231 Ma)二长花岗岩侵入,又被中侏罗统大青山组不整合覆盖.本推覆构造的发现改变了前人认为本区不存在古生代末大型推覆构造的看法,对了解华北地台(板块)构造发展历史与地壳演化有重要意义.说明华北地台(板块)晚古生代末存在大型陆内造山事件,其动力来源推测为华北板块与华南板块的碰撞所产生的巨大挤压应力.