云南磷铝石谱学特征研究

使用电子探针、X射线粉晶衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、激光拉曼光谱仪、紫外可见分光光度计等仪器,对最近在云南发现的一种达到宝石级别的磷铝石进行了化学成分、矿物组成、红外吸收光谱、拉曼光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱等方面的研究。化学成分分析结果表明,该磷铝石的主要化学成分为P和Al,并含有少量的Fe和V;X射线粉晶衍射结果显示,该磷铝石的矿物成分主要为磷铝石,杂质较少;红外光谱与拉曼光谱分析均检出磷酸根基团的特征峰,红外光谱分析还显示有结晶水与结构水的存在;紫外可见吸收光谱在300和420 nm附近的吸收归属于Fe3+,630 nm附近较宽缓的吸收带由Fe3+和V3+共同产生。并将磷铝石与绿松石进行了谱学方面的对比分析,以便更好地区分两者。     

微动技术在堤坝渗漏探测中的应用

堤坝是重要的水利工程,其安全性至关重要。坝体渗漏是常见的安全隐患之一,对坝体渗漏位置、程度以及坝体结构变化的探测一直是重要的物探课题。微动勘探作为一种新兴的物探手段,应用范围正逐步拓展,通过某水库大坝渗漏检测实例,展示频率-波数法微动线性点阵剖面测量进行大坝渗漏检测的效果,该技术通过提取频散曲线及视S波速度成像,刻画地层速度结构并圈定异常,可实现对大坝渗漏快速精确的无损探测,具有一定的方法优势和广泛的应用前景。     

两次强降水过程雨滴谱特征及差异

利用寿县观测站内的Parsivel激光雨滴谱仪结合观测站雨量数据及雷达基数据,分析了发生在2015年6月26—30日梅雨期间和2015年8月7—10日超强台风"苏迪罗"影响期间2次强降水过程的雨滴谱结构特征及其差异,拟合了雨强与雷达反射率因子之间的关系。结果表明:雨强的大小直接影响雨滴谱的特征参量,且随着雨强增大而增大;梅雨锋暴雨中1.0mm直径≤1.5mm的粒子所占比例最多,雨强贡献率最大;台风雨中0.75mm直径≤1.0mm的粒子所占比例最多,但1.0mm直径≤1.25mm的粒子对雨强的贡献最大,说明较大粒子对强降水的贡献较大。     

油气包裹体的显微红外光谱测试技术及应用

单一油气包裹体的成分一直是地质学家关注的焦点,它能为油气成藏研究提供最直接的证据。显微红外光谱技术可以测定单个油气包裹体的成分、分子结构和其中油气包裹体的成熟度。本文应用显微红外光谱技术、包裹体的鉴定和均一温度测定技术,分析了大庆探区海拉尔盆地乌27井、巴16井、希3井等样品的包裹体。研究表明,乌27井有过两期成藏,并以第二期为主;巴16井也有过两期主要成藏,且第二期具混源的特点;希3井只有一次主要成藏期。同时利用红外光谱的CH2/CH3值、Xinc、Xstd划分了三口井的油气成藏期次,结果与镜下鉴定结论相一致,并确定了其中油气包裹体的成熟度。本文还探讨了显微-红外光谱测试单一油气包裹体的发展方向。     

基于Hv方法的三轴液压振动系统频响函数估计的研究

三轴液压振动系统是实验室内模拟振动环境的主要设备,其主要功能是精确地复现给定的功率谱和时间历程。振动控制技术是实现这一目标的关键技术,它以频响函数估计为基础。频响函数估计的精度影响控制过程的快速性和稳定性。本文对几种典型的频响函数估计方法进行了分析,针对传统方法精度低且受到矩阵病态条件约束等缺点,应用特征分析与摄动理论构造了一种多入多出的Hv方法,并且应用三轴液压振动系统的实测数据对其进行了检验。结果表明该方法是适用的。     

Estimation of peak relative velocity and peak absolute acceleration of linear SDOF systems

In the seismic analysis and design of structures, the true velocity and absolute acceleration are usually approximated by their corresponding pseudo-values. This approach is simple and works well for structures with small damping (say, less than 15%). When the damping of a structure is enhanced for the purpose of response reduction, it may result in large analysis and design errors. Based on theory of random vibration and the established mechanism of seismic response spectra analysis, a method is developed (1) to predict the relative velocity spectra with any damping ratio level directly from the 5% standard pseudo-acceleration spectrum; and (2) to estimate the peak absolute acceleration. The accuracy of both is validated by using two selected ensembles of ground motion records.     

A new spatial coherence model and analytical coefficients for multi-support response spectrum combination

In this paper, a new spatial coherence model of seismic ground motions is proposed by a fi tting procedure. The analytical expressions of modal combination (correlation) coeffi cients of structural response are developed for multi-support seismic excitations. The coeffi cients from both the numerical integration and analytical solutions are compared to verify the accuracy of the solutions. It is shown that the analytical expressions of numerical modal combination coeffi cients are of high accuracy. The results of random responses of an example bridge show that the analytical modal combination coeff icients developed in this paper are accurate enough to meet the requirements needed in practice. In addition, the computational effi ciency of the analytical solutions of the modal combination coeff icients is demonstrated by the response computation of the example bridge. It is found that the time required for the structural response analysis by using the analytical modal combination coeffi cients is less than 1/20 of that using numerical integral methods.     

Pushover analysis procedure for systems considering SSI effects based on capacity spectrum method

This paper presents a new procedure to transform an SSI system into an equivalent SDOF system using twice equivalence. A pushover analysis procedure based on the capacity spectrum method for buildings with SSI effects （PASSI） is then established based on the equivalent SDOF system, and the modified response spectrum and equivalent capacity spectrum are obtained. Furthermore, the approximate formulas to obtain the dynamic stiffness of foundations are suggested. Three steel buildings with different story heights （3, 9 and 20） including SSI effects are analyzed under two far-field and two near-field historical records and an artificial seismic time history using the two PASSI procedures and the nonlinear response history analysis （NLhRHA） method. The results are compared and discussed. Finally, combined with seismic design response spectrum, the nonlinear seismic response of a 9-story building with SSI effects is analyzed using the PASSI procedures, and its seismic performance is evaluated according to the Chinese ＇Code for Seismic Design of Buildings. The feasibility of the proposed procedure is verified.     

Study on inelastic displacement ratio spectra for near-fault pulse-type ground motions

In displacement-based seismic design, inelastic displacement ratio spectra (IDRS) are particularly useful for estimating the maximum lateral inelastic displacement demand of a nonlinear SDOF system from the maximum elastic displacement demand of its counterpart linear elastic SDOF system. In this study, the characteristics of IDRS for near-fault pulse-type ground motions are investigated based on a great number of earthquake ground motions. The in? uence of site conditions, ratio of peak ground velocity (PGV) to peak ground acceleration (PGA), the PGV, and the maximum incremental velocity (MIV) on IDRS are also evaluated. The results indicate that the effect of near-fault ground motions on IDRS are signifi cant only at periods between 0.2 s - 1.5 s, where the amplifi cation can approach 20%. The PGV/PGA ratio has the most signifi cant in? uence on IDRS among the parameters considered. It is also found that site conditions only slightly affect the IDRS.     

2020年新疆于田Ms6.4地震前热红外亮温异常研究

获取了2020年4-7月新疆于田Ms6.4地震区周边约400 km范围内连续的中国气象卫星FY-2G遥感热红外资料,选取北京时间凌晨1:00～5:00时的分钟值数据,经过小波变换和功率谱估计法进行处理,得到研究区地震前后相对功率谱异常演化过程,对比分析了 2019年相同频率同期的相对功率谱幅值,并讨论了异常时间演化过程...