活动星系核的多波段能谱及其发射机制──Ⅱ．红外连续辐射能谱

本文讨论了１６个红外强ＰＧ类星体的红外辐射能谱。我们假设这些活动星系核的红外谱是由非热辐射机制和尘埃的热辐射共同产生的，通过对红外包的最佳拟合，我们发现大多数ＰＧ类星体的红外包位于７一２４μ的中远红外区，尘埃的热辐射机制能很好地产生观测到的红外包。通过模拟能定量地说明尘埃产生的热致辐射在这些天体的红外谱中的相对重要性，在模型与观测值之间的拟合中，我们得到了在这些天体中核加热的尘埃区的大小、尘埃的分布等模型参数。     

脉冲型耀斑中阿尔芬波湍流加速3He和重离子机制探讨

基于在^3He丰富事件中，高能^3He和重离子具有相似的幂律谱分布这一观测结果，通过数值求解Fokker-Planck方程，探讨经阿尔芬波湍动速后的离子分布随时间的演化特征。计算结果表明：加速源区的等离子体密度和阿尔芬波湍动能量密度对粒子能谱分布起主要作用，如果取加速源区等离子体密度n=(0.1-1)10^10cm^-3、磁场强度B=50-100Gs、湍动能量密度为0.4-2ergs cm^-3，则在1秒左右的时间内，湍动阿尔芬波能够将^3He和重离子加速到10MeV/nucleon量级，能谱指数为2.0-3.5。理论计算与观测结果基本一致。     

天鹅座X-1硬X射线的能量谱

1985年9月22日,我们用空间硬X射线望远镜HAPI-2,在我国的高空气球上,对天鹅座X-1进行了观测,望远镜几何面积为140cm~2,观测能区20—200keV,空间定向精度±0.2°。获得的硬X射线能谱陡,总辐射能流LX～1.0×1~(37)erg/sec,低于常规态。本文将介绍望远镜的性能和观测过程,能谱分析的结果,并对当时天鹅座X-1可能的“态”进行讨论。     

矩谱法求磁性体质心的若干问题

B K Bhattachryya(1975)推导的求磁性体质心的矩谱公式理论严谨,计算速度快,并且有不需要预先知道磁性体磁化率的特点。在该公式的基础上,本文对求质心的各种影响因素作了细致讨论,推导出了提高求解质心精度的改正公式。     

Doppler radar sounding of volcanic eruption dynamics at Mount Etna

Besides their common use in atmospheric studies, Doppler radars are promising tools for the active remote sensing of volcanic eruptions but were little applied to this field. We present the observations made with a mid-power UHF Doppler radar (Voldorad) during a 7-h Strombolian eruption at the SE crater of Mount Etna on 11–12 October 1998. Main characteristics of radar echoes are retrieved from analysis of Doppler spectra recorded in the two range gates on either side of the jet axis. From the geometry of the sounding, the contribution of uprising and falling ejecta to each Doppler spectrum can be discriminated. The temporal evolution of total power backscattered by uprising targets is quite similar to the temporal evolution of the volcanic tremor and closely reproduces the overall evolution of the eruption before, during and after its paroxysm. Moreover, during the sharp decrease of eruptive activity following the paroxysm, detailed analysis of video (from camera recording), radar and seismic measurements reveals that radar and video signals start to decrease simultaneously, approximately 2.5 min after the tremor decline. This delay is interpreted as the ascent time through a magma conduit of large gas slugs from a shallow source roughly estimated at about 500 m beneath the SE crater. Detailed analysis of eruptive processes has been also made with Voldorad operating in a high sampling rate mode. Signature of individual outburst is clearly identified on the half part of Doppler spectra corresponding to rising ejecta: temporal variations of the backscattered power exhibit quasi periodic undulations, whereas the maximum velocity measured on each spectrum displays a sharp peak at the onset of each outburst followed by a slow decay with time. Periodicity of power variations (between 3.8 and 5.5 s) is in agreement with the occurrence of explosions visually observed at the SE vent. Maximum vertical velocities of over 160 m s^–1 were measured during the paraoxysmal stage and the renewed activity. Finally, by using a simplified model simulating the radar echoes characteristics, we show that when Voldorad is operating in high sampling rate mode, the power and maximum velocity variations are directly related to the difference in size and velocity of particles crossing the antenna beam.Editorial responsibility: A. Woods     

提高INSAR干涉图质量的过采样方法

在对干涉图中频谱混叠噪声的成因及其影响进行深入分析的基础上,研究通过对原始影像频谱进行过采样来消除频谱混叠的方法;同时为了将过采样后的干涉图恢复到原始影像大小,又探讨了干涉图的欠采样理论,并推导出加权欠采样函数.实验结果表明,文中的过采样--加权欠采样方法能有效消除干涉图中的频谱混叠噪声,经欠采样处理后的干涉图条纹边缘更加清晰,残余点数较原始干涉图减少90%以上.     

Theoretical analysis and engineering solution of parasitical spectrum in the CINRAD transmitter

To deal with the universal problem of parasitical frequency spectrum in China New Generation Weather Radar transmitter, this paper establishes mathematical models for parasitical signals existing in radar transmitters and analyzes their effects on weather radar performance. Based on an engineering analysis of their possible sources, a step-by-step method to eliminate parasitical spectrum is presented, which is applied to troubleshooting experimental weather radar. Eventually, parasitical spectrum is basically eliminated. As a result, improved spectrum purity and reduced phase noise is achieved. Moreover, accuracy for velocity estimate as well as ground clutter suppression ability of the radar system is enhanced.     

基于多种探测资料对武汉一次短时暴雪天气的监测分析

利用Thies Clima激光雨滴谱仪、MP3000A微波辐射仪、多普勒雷达和人工加密观测资料,分析了2011年2月12日武汉一次暴雪天气过程的演变特征。结果表明:(1)在这次短时暴雪过程中,先后出现了降雨、雨夹雪和纯降雪3个阶段,激光雨滴谱仪监测到该降雨阶段的雨滴谱较宽,最大直径达4.5mm,数浓度比较小,为2～5 429个.m-3.mm-1,雨滴谱型呈双峰型分布特点;(2)微波辐射仪对水汽相态监测显示,08:12-09:34(世界时)期间在1.5～3.5km过冷层比湿维持14～16g.kg-1大值区,之后迅速由雨夹雪过程(仅16min)过渡到纯降雪阶段,在65min内武汉站降雪量达到5.035mm,占整个降雪量的80%以上;(3)雷达反射率因子与粒子谱宽和数浓度密切相关,若后两者越大则对应的雷达回波强度也越大;同时还发现,与微波辐射仪反演的水汽密度、激光雨滴谱仪测得的降水强度也有较好的对应关系,若将这些结合起来对降水的相态变化、强度、量级和持续时间有很好的监测能力。     

夜间稳定边界层中间歇性湍流热通量的 提取及其谱特征

在夜间稳定边界层中, 湍流热通量往往具有间歇性特征。在一阵阵出现的强度较大的湍流热通量之间, 混杂着弱噪声或其他微弱的难以辨识的高频脉动信号。为了研究间歇性湍流热通量的特征, 必须将这些无关信 号剔除, 以提取出干净的湍流热通量。本文提出了一种新的提取间歇性湍流热通量的方法, 该方法通过分析 湍流热通量的概率密度函数, 并与稳定分布进行比较, 湍流热通量的概率密度函数开始偏离稳定分布的位置, 即是间歇性湍流热通量开始出现的阈值。本文通过夜间稳定边界层外场试验数据的验证, 发现利用稳定分布确定 的阈值可有效地提取出间歇性湍流热通量。在此基础之上, 本文对比了提取前后湍流热通量的功率谱, 发现 提取后低频信号的方差所占比重下降, 而高频信号略有上升。此外, 间歇性湍流热通量在高频区的功率谱满足“-7/6”律。     

近红外波段(900—2500 nm)水吸收系数测量

根据水在红外波段强吸收且吸收能力变化大的特点,在所提出可见光波段水吸收系数测量系统基础上增设了薄层水测量装置,使得测量水层厚度可在0.04—350 mm之间变化。在此基础上对厚度为0.04—150 mm的多个厚度水层进行了吸收系数测量,并对消除杂质影响后的测量数据进行了有效整合,得到900—2500 nm波段纯水吸收系数。由于确保了各波段数据均在仪器最佳探测区间取得,所得结果精度较高,且与被普遍接受的前期研究结果相一致,可作为相关定量遥感的基础数据。