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111.
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113.
Axel K Schmitt Jan M Lindsay Shan de Silva Robert B Trumbull 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,120(1-2):43-53
High spatial resolution U–Pb dates of zircons from two consanguineous ignimbrites of contrasting composition, the high-silica rhyolitic Toconao and the overlying dacitic Atana ignimbrites, erupted from La Pacana caldera, north Chile, are presented in this study. Zircons from Atana and Toconao pumice clasts yield apparent 238U/206Pb ages of 4.11±0.20 Ma and 4.65±0.13 Ma (2σ), respectively. These data combined with previously published geochemical and stratigraphic data, reveal that the two ignimbrites were erupted from a stratified magma chamber. The Atana zircon U–Pb ages closely agree with the eruption age of Atana previously determined by K–Ar dating (4.0±0.1 Ma) and do not support long (>1 Ma) residence times. Xenocrystic zircons were found only in the Toconao bulk ignimbrite, which were probably entrained during eruption and transport. Apparent 238U/206Pb zircon ages of 13 Ma in these xenocrysts provide the first evidence that the onset of felsic magmatism within the Altiplano–Puna ignimbrite province occurred approximately 3 Myr earlier than previously documented. 相似文献
114.
Merapi Volcano (Central Java, Indonesia) has been frequently active during Middle to Late Holocene time producing basalts and basaltic andesites of medium-K composition in earlier stages of activity and high-K magmas from 1900 14C yr BP to the present. Radiocarbon dating of pyroclastic deposits indicates an almost continuous activity with periods of high eruption rates alternating with shorter time spans of distinctly reduced eruptive frequency since the first appearance of high-K volcanic rocks. Geochemical data of 28 well-dated, prehistoric pyroclastic flows of the Merapi high-K series indicate systematic cyclic variations. These medium-term compositional variations result from a complex interplay of several magmatic processes, which ultimately control the periodicity and frequency of eruptions at Merapi. Low eruption rates and the absence of new influxes of primitive magma from depth allow the generation of basaltic andesite magma (56–57 wt% SiO2) in a small-volume magma reservoir through fractional crystallisation from parental mafic magma (52–53 wt% SiO2) in periods of low eruptive frequency. Magmas of intermediate composition erupted during these stages provide evidence for periodic withdrawal of magma from a steadily fractionating magma chamber. Subsequent periods are characterised by high eruption rates that coincide with shifts of whole-rock compositions from basaltic andesite to basalt. This compositional variation is interpreted to originate from influxes of primitive magma into a continuously active magma chamber, triggering the eruption of evolved magma after periods of low eruptive frequency. Batches of primitive magma eventually mix with residual magma in the magmatic reservoir to decrease whole-rock SiO2 contents. Supply of primitive magma at Merapi appears to be sufficiently frequent that andesites or more differentiated rock types were not generated during the past 2000 years of activity. Cyclic variations also occurred during the recent eruptive period since AD 1883. The most recent eruptive episode of Merapi is characterised by essentially uniform magma compositions that may imply the existence of a continuously active magma reservoir, maintained in a quasi-steady state by magma recharge. The whole-rock compositions at the upper limit of the total SiO2 range of the Merapi suite could also indicate the beginning of another period of high eruption rates and shifts towards more mafic compositions. 相似文献
115.
本文应用SHRIMP方法精确测定了金沙江蛇绿岩带中蛇绿岩的辉长岩和斜长岩、呈脉状产于辉长岩和变质橄橄岩中的斜长花岗岩、以及呈岩株状侵入蛇绿岩中的花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄,提供了古特提斯洋壳演化的年代学制约。滇西之用层状角闪辉长岩的年龄为328±8Ma,书松斜长岩为329±7Ma,白马雪山辉长岩为282~285Ma,它们可能反映了海底扩张不同阶段的时代。研究还表明,在这些辉长岩和斜长岩中,部分锆石记录了375~352Ma的略老的年龄,暗示蛇绿岩浆活动可能始于晚泥盆世。在金沙江蛇绿岩中,滇西娘九丁斜长花岗岩和川西雪堆斜长花岗岩,具有高硅低钾的成分特征。但是,这些岩石的REE总量高,LREE富集;Sr初始值高,达0.7058~0.7070;在其锆石组成中,存在继承锆石。这些证据表明斜长花岗岩中存在陆壳物质的混染,可能与洋壳俯冲消减有关。娘九丁斜长花岗岩的年龄为285±6Ma,雪堆斜长花岗岩为300±5Ma,记录了古特提斯洋壳俯冲消减事件。滇西吉义独花岗闪长岩,呈岩株状侵入蛇绿岩中,年龄为263±6Ma,限定了蛇绿混杂岩的年代上限。 相似文献
116.
放射性碳测年国际比对活动的初步结果 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
中国科学院地球环境研究所^14C实验室作为中国唯一的代表参加了第四届放射性碳测年国际比对活动(FIRI),取得了比较优异的成绩。初步分析了本届比对活动的测年结果,得出如下结论:不同的^14C测年方法对测年结果无明显的影响,不同现代碳标准的选择对大部分样品的测年结果有较明显的影响,而采用不同的本底物质仅对老年龄样品的定年有显著影响;加速器质诺测年法在各种^14C测年方法中最准确、精度最高,正逐渐成为国际^14C测年方法的主流。 相似文献
117.
西昆仑北缘新元古代片麻状花岗岩锆石SHRIMP年龄及其意义 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
在西昆仑北缘早前寒武纪变质地层中,笔者等识别出大量不同时代的片麻状花岗岩,其中包括新元古代片麻状花岗岩。获得最新的新元古代片麻状花岗岩的单颗粒锆石SHRIMP年龄为815±57Ma,片麻状花岗岩的岩石学特征反映它们形成于裂解构造背景,结合对区域上新元古代地层及中元古代末期构造事件的研究,笔者认为新元古代片麻状花岗岩反映了古塔里木板块作为Rodinia超大陆一员发生裂解的时间,这对研究古塔里木板块在Rodinia超大陆中的位置及中国Rodinia超大陆裂解的研究提供了重要的地质依据。 相似文献
118.
R. Blanco Chao M. Costa Casais A. Martínez Cortizas A. Prez Alberti A. S. Trenhaile 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2003,28(7):757-775
There is increasing evidence that shore platforms and other elements of rock coasts may be inherited, at least in part, from interglacial stages when sea level was similar to today's. Most of this evidence, which includes ancient beaches and datable terrestrial deposits, has been obtained from areas of resistant, slowly eroding rock, where the platforms often appear to be much too wide to have developed since the sea reached its present level. It is much more dif?cult to demonstrate that inheritance has occurred in areas of weaker rock, which generally lack any datable material. The coast of western Galicia in northwestern Spain has shore platforms in igneous and metamorphic rocks that were deeply weathered during the Tertiary. These platforms are closely associated with ancient beaches from the last interglacial stage, and associated periglacial and ?uvio‐nival deposits that covered and fossilized most of the Eemian platforms and cliffs during the late middle and late Weichselian glacial stage. The sedimentary processes and the thickness and facies of the sediments were determined by the height, aspect and gradient of the coastal mountains, and their distance from the coast. Radiocarbon dating, sedimentary analysis and platform morphology indicate that the shore platforms of Galicia have been inherited from at least the last interglacial stage. They were fossilized in places beneath thick Weichselian deposits and then exhumed during the Holocene transgression. The abundant evidence for inheritance in Galicia has important implications for other coasts in fairly weak rocks where such evidence is generally lacking. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
119.
Abderrahim Essaifi Alain Potrel Ramon Capdevila Jean-Louis Lagarde 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(2):193-203
The bimodal magmatism of central Jebilet is dated to 330.5+0.68?0.83 Ma by UPb dating on zircons. This age, similar to that of the syntectonic Jebilet cordierite-bearing granitoids, corresponds to the age of the local major tectonometamorphic event. The syntectonic plutonism of the Jebilet massif, composed of tholeiitic, alkaline, and peraluminous calc-alkaline series, is variegated. Magmas emplacement was favoured by the local extension induced by the motion along the western boundary of the Carboniferous basins of the Moroccan Meseta. The Jebilet massif exemplifies the activation of various magmas sources during an episode of continental convergence and crustal wrenching. 相似文献
120.
Bruno Dhuime Delphine Bosch Olivier Bruguier Renaud Caby Carlos Archanjo 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(15):1081-1089
The Borborema Province (BP) of northeastern Brazil is a complex crustal assemblage, which has undergone a polycyclic evolution during the Proterozoic. In the Piancó-Alto Br??gida belt, a metamorphosed leucosome vein inserted in amphibolites has a trace element pattern suggesting a T-MORB protolith. Apatites yield a REE pattern indicating growth in equilibrium with garnet, thus pointing to its metamorphic origin. UPb analyses yield an age of 540±5 Ma interpreted as a cooling age following amphibolite facies regional metamorphism associated with granitic emplacement at ca. 580 Ma. The resulting slow cooling rates (ranging from ca. 2.5 to 5 °C Ma?1) are consistent with underplating of mafic magmas, or crustal thickening caused by nappe stacking, as possible processes governing the metamorphic evolution of the BP. To cite this article: B. Dhuime et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献