滇西高黎贡山变质带变质深成岩特征及时代

高黎贡山变质岩带中(腾冲大蒿坪地区),原划归古元古代高黎贡山岩群中广泛存在的变质深成岩类,原岩实际为早白垩世(163.5±5.7 Ma)花岗闪长岩和晚白垩世(74.0±2.0Ma)二长花岗岩类,属变质的燕山期深成侵入岩,可划分为扬飞水角闪黑云花岗闪长质片麻岩、芹菜塘花岗片麻岩两个变质地体单元.早白垩世花岗闪长岩形成于造山前期同碰撞火山弧环境;晚白垩世二长花岗岩侵入岩形成于造山前期碰撞造山环境,并沿断裂带强烈侵位.原岩经喜马拉雅早期韧性剪切带动力变质,变质强度达高绿片岩相或低角闪岩相,形成花岗质片麻岩类,喜马拉雅中期叠加脆韧性动力变质作用.     

福建武平十二排钼矿床辉钼矿Re-Os 同位素年龄及其地质意义

福建武平十二排铝矿床是近年来在闽西南地区找到的又一处铝矿床.钼矿化在中细粒黑云母花岗岩岩体与新元古界楼子坝群、晚古生界变质岩接触带内呈浸染状和脉状产出,并且构成透镜状矿体.本次研究过程中,对5件代表性辉钼矿样品进行了Re-Os同位素年龄测定,模式年龄值变化范围为149.7 ～ 152.8Ma,等时线年龄为(151 ±2) Ma,略晚于黑云母花岗岩的成岩年龄,由此认为十二排钼矿床与黑云母花岗岩的形成时间均为晚侏罗世,属燕山早期构造—岩浆活动的产物.结合矿区外围其他钼矿床同位素年龄数据,可以推测闽西南大规模钼矿化发生在印支期台地向活动大陆边缘转变阶段,并伴随燕山早期挤压隆升(约160 ～ 145 Ma)和燕山晚期由挤压向拉张机制转换(约105 ～90 Ma)作用所诱发的岩浆活动是导致钼矿床形成的主导因素.     

歧口凹陷火成岩的地球化学特征、形成时代及构造意义

歧口凹陷侏罗系火成岩主要以中-酸性的流纹岩、粗面岩和粗面安山岩为主,白垩系主要为中-基性的粗面玄武岩和玄武质粗面安山岩,第三系火成岩以粗面玄武岩、碱性玄武岩及辉绿岩为主。同位素定年结果获得白垩系玄武岩的年龄为133±20 Ma,安山岩和粗安岩年龄分别为111.8±0.9 Ma和122.1±3.1 Ma,第三系辉绿岩年龄为16.57±0.23 Ma。地球化学特征显示,侏罗系火成岩相对低钛、高碱和钠、低铁镁,轻重稀土元素强烈分馏、微量元素相对富集LILE、贫化HFSE、亏损Nb和Ti、P,部分高Sr、低Yb,总体指示为挤压环境下加厚地壳物质的熔融产物,白垩系火成岩中等钛和碱的含量,高钠、铁和镁,稀土和微量元素显示其来自于伸展背景的富集地幔源,但受到陆壳物质的混染,第三系火成岩高钛含量、中等碱含量但变化大、高钠、富铁镁,轻重稀土元素分馏弱到中等、微量元素富集LILE和HFSE,同样来自板内伸展环境的富集地幔源的产物。表明歧口凹陷构造转换发生在晚侏罗世和早白垩世之间。     

新疆西准噶尔西南部加里东期成矿斑岩体的发现及意义

过去一般认为西准噶尔西南部的侵入岩均为海西中晚期,但近年在玛依勒及巴尔鲁克等构造带发现了一些早古生代侵入岩体,部分岩体显示有铜(金)矿化。本文对其中的占贝勒成矿斑岩体,利用LA-ICP-MS法进行锆石U-Pb同位素测年,结果获得425.3±2.6 Ma的年龄,揭示西准噶尔西南部地区存在有加里东期中酸性侵入岩,进而说明西准噶尔西南部地区存在加里东期斑岩型铜金成矿事件。该研究成果不仅对分析本地区地质构造演化具有重要意义,且对西准地区成矿规律的总结和进一步找矿预测具有重要意义。     

Lake George revisited: New evidence for the origin and evolution of a large closed lake,Southern Tablelands,NSW, Australia

Lake George contains the longest continuous sedimentary record of any Australian lake basin, but previous age models are equivocal, particularly for the oldest (pre-Quaternary) part of the record. We have applied a combination of cosmogenic nuclide burial dating, magnetostratigraphy and biostratigraphy to determine the age of the basal (fluvial) unit in the basin, the Gearys Gap Formation. Within the differing resolutions achievable by the three dating techniques, our results show that (i) the Gearys Gap Formation, began accumulating at ca 4 Ma, in the early Pliocene (Zanclean), and (ii) deposition had ceased by ca 3 Ma, in the mid late Pliocene (Piacenzian). Whether the same age control provides an early Pliocene (Zanclean) age for the formation of the lake basin is uncertain. During the Piacenzian, the vegetation at the core site was a wetland community dominated by members of the coral fern family Gleicheniaceae, while the surrounding dryland vegetation was a mix of sclerophyll and temperate rainforest communities, with the latter including trees and shrubs now endemic to New Guinea–New Caledonia and Tasmania. Mean annual rainfall and temperatures are inferred to have been ～2000–3000 mm, although probably not uniformly distributed throughout the year, and within the mesotherm range (>14°C <20°C), respectively. Unresolved issues are: (1) Does the basal gravel unit predate uplift of the Lake George Range and therefore provide evidence that one of the proposed paleo-spillways of Lake George, that above Geary's Gap, has been elevated up to 100–200 m by neotectonic activity over the past 4 million years? (2) Did a shallow to deepwater lake exist elsewhere in the lake basin during the Pliocene?     

南秦岭西乡群孙家河组锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其构造地质意义

对南秦岭西乡群孙家河组英安质火山熔岩进行了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄和岩石化学、稀土元素、微量元素等方面的研究。获得的锆石年龄为814.8±5.2Ma,属于晚青白口世。该年龄为研究南秦岭扬子陆块过渡基底的形成时代提供了有力的佐证,并为研究扬子陆块Rodinia超大陆汇聚时限及秦岭造山带的构造演化提供了新证据。     

The origin of the Maozu carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn deposit,southwest China: Constrained by C–O–S–Pb isotopic compositions and Sm–Nd isotopic age

The Maozu Pb–Zn deposit, located on the western margin of the Yangtze Block, southwest China, is a typical carbonate-hosted deposit in the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou Pb–Zn metallogenic province with Pb + Zn reserves of about 2.0 million tonnes grading 4.15 wt.% Pb and 7.25 wt.% Zn. Its ore bodies are hosted in Sinian (635–541 Ma) Dengying Formation dolostone and show stratiform, vein and irregular textures. Ores are composed of sphalerite, galena, pyrite, calcite, dolomite, quartz and fluorite with massive, banded, disseminated and veined structures. The C–O–Sm–Nd isotopic compositions of hydrothermal calcites and S–Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides were analyzed to constrain the origin of the Maozu deposit. δ¹³C_PDB and δ¹⁸O_SMOW values of hydrothermal calcites range from −3.7‰ to −2.0‰ and +13.8‰ to +17.5‰, respectively, and plot near the marine carbonate rocks field in a plot of δ¹³C_PDB vs. δ¹⁸O_SMOW, with a negative correlation. It suggests that CO₂ in the hydrothermal fluids was mainly originated from marine carbonate rocks, with limited influence from sedimentary organic matter. δ³⁴S_CDT values of sulfides range from +9.9‰ to +19.2‰, similar to that of Cambrian to Triassic seawater sulfate (+15‰ to +35‰) and evaporate (+15‰ to +30‰) in the Cambrian to Triassic sedimentary strata. It suggests that reduced sulfur was derived from evaporate in sedimentary strata by thermo chemical sulfate reduction. Sulfides have low radiogenic Pb isotope compositions (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.129–18.375, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.640–15.686 and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.220–38.577) that plot in the field between upper crust and the orogenic belt evolution curve in the plot of ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and similar to that of age corrected Proterozoic basement rocks (Dongchuan and Kunyang Groups). This indicates that ore-forming metals were mainly derived from basement rocks. Hydrothermal calcite yields a Sm–Nd isotopic age of 196 ± 13 Ma, possibly reflecting the timing of Pb–Zn mineralization in the SYG province, younger than the Permian Emeishan mantle plume (∼260 Ma). All data combined suggests that hydrothermal fluids circulated through basement rocks where they picked up metals and migrated to surface, mixed with reduced sulfur-bearing fluids and precipitated metals. Ore genesis of the Maozu deposit is different from known magmatic–hydrothermal, Sedimentary Exhalative or Mississippi Valley-types, which maybe represent a unique ore deposit type, named as the SYG-type.     

西藏泽当蛇绿岩玄武岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄 及其地质意义

雅鲁藏布江缝合带中各蛇绿岩体的准确定年对待提斯洋演化和青藏高原隆升的研究具有重要意义.泽当蛇绿岩是雅鲁藏布江缝合带东段最大的蛇绿岩块体,关于其形成年龄目前仍存在不同的认识.通过SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年得到蛇绿岩中玄武岩的形成年龄为154.9Ma±2.0Ma(95％置信度,MSWD=0.98).蛇绿岩中的玄武岩是洋脊扩张的产物,其形成年龄代表了扩张事件的时间,也代表了蛇绿岩的形成时代.结合已有的雅鲁藏布江缝合带蛇绿岩的形成年龄,该年龄进一步反映出雅鲁藏布江缝合带蛇绿岩形成时间具有东早西晚的特点.泽当蛇绿岩与含有埃达克质英云闪长岩的泽当岛弧火成岩基本为同期形成的.地球化学特征显示定年的玄武岩形成于俯冲带之上,且具有指示洋内俯冲环境的地球化学特征.因此,泽当SSZ型蛇绿岩可能形成于洋内俯冲机制.     

云南武定迤纳厂铁铜矿岩浆角砾岩LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb年龄及其意义

康滇地区是中国西南地区重要的元古宙铁铜成矿带.该地区元古宙昆阳群中串珠状分布岩浆角砾岩,周边分布大量铁铜矿床.选取武定迤纳厂东方红矿段穿插斜切入迤纳厂组的岩浆角砾岩,挑选胶结物中的岩浆锆石进行LA-ICP-MS测年,得到复合岩浆锆石内核207pb/206pb年龄为2193Ma±8Ma,代表深部围岩原生锆石年龄;岩浆锆石或复合岩浆锆石边缘环带207Pb/206Pb年龄为1739Ma±13Ma,代表岩浆侵位年龄;下交点年龄为980Ma±11Ma,代表变质年龄.结合相关资料判断,迤纳厂组与上昆阳群、大红山群、河口群均为1.7Ga左右昆阳板内裂谷拉张、岩浆侵位/喷发的同时异相产物.这对在滇中地区昆阳裂谷中,元古宙地层内的岩浆角砾岩周边寻找IOCG(IRON-OXIDE-COPPER-GOLD,铁氧化物-铜-金)型铁铜矿具有重要的启示.     

辽西—冀北地区土城子组的地质时代、年龄及其国际地层对比

辽西—冀北地区土城子组(后城组)含有各类化石,包括植物、孢粉、介形类、叶肢介、昆虫及恐龙类等,各门类化石都对土城子组的时代提出归属与生物演化依据。通过与国内外相关生物群(组合)的研究与对比,尤其是孢粉、介形类微体化石大区域的国际对比,将土城子组的地质时代划归为晚侏罗世早—中期(Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian)。土城子组的地磁年代学研究,也得出大致相同的时代结论。笔者在辽西金岭寺—羊山盆地土城子组剖面中,采用SHRIMP锆石U-Th-Pb同位测定技术,对凝灰岩中的锆石进行了年龄测定,获得的206Pb/238U年龄为:第22层140.2Ma±1.3Ma(N=13,13个数据加权平均值);第30层139.6Ma±1.9Ma(N=12);小刘家沟剖面土城子组上部凝灰岩139.6Ma±0.7Ma(N=11);第83层137.3Ma±1.0Ma(N=13)。由于第22层距土城子组底界369m,据沉积速率推算约为1.5Ma。因此,土城子组底界年龄应为141.7Ma±1.3Ma。第83层接近土城子组顶界,137.3Ma±1.0Ma年龄值可大致视为土城子组顶界的年龄。如此推断,上侏罗统牛津阶(Oxfordian)底界年龄应接近141.7Ma±1.3Ma,基默里奇阶(Kimmeridgian)上界年龄应为137.3Ma±1.0Ma左右,而国际地质年表中推导、标注的两者年龄分别为163.5Ma±1.0Ma和152.1Ma±0.9Ma,与笔者实测的年龄值分别相差21Ma和15Ma,对此进行了深入的探讨。