InSAR技术在滑坡灾害中的应用研究进展

InSAR技术作为重要的对地观测技术之一,已在城市、矿山、地质灾害等地表形变监测领域得到广泛应用与探索,特别是在滑坡灾害形变监测中具有很强的实用性.为全面、准确及深入认识和梳理InSAR技术在滑坡灾害应用中的前沿科学问题、局限性、面临挑战及未来发展趋势,以期更好地服务于滑坡灾害的防治与监测.以InSAR技术滑坡灾害应用...     

近千年来三个气候特征时期东亚夏季风的模拟对比

利用全球海气耦合气候模式ECHO-G的近千年连续积分资料,选取与降水关系较好的东亚夏季风指数,对不同气候特征时期的东亚环流及季风影响因子进行了探讨.结果表明用海陆热力差异定义的东亚夏季风指数Isun在年际尺度上较好地体现了长江流域及华北地区降水的变化,而利用850 hPa纬向风场定义的指数Iwang在年代际尺度上较好地体现了长江流域的降水变化.从不同气候特征时期的环流来看,中世纪暖期夏季风最强,东亚大陆降水明显偏多,现代暖期夏季风较之有所减弱,而小冰期则是夏季风最弱的时期,东亚大陆的降水明显偏少.不同气候特征时期夏季风指数与海温的相关表明,ENSO事件对东亚夏季风的影响在现代暖期有所增强,而与外部强迫因子的相关揭示出中世纪暖期有效太阳辐射变化是影响东亚夏季风变化的主要因子,现代暖期则是温室气体对夏季风的影响更重要.     

黄河流域刘家峡—兰州段滑坡灾害的InSAR识别及成因分析

我国滑坡灾害频发,尤其是西部地区,滑坡的隐蔽性强且危害巨大,对其灾害隐患进行早期识别对防灾减灾意义重大.传统的人工排查、大地测量等手段在山区难以开展且耗时耗力,合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术(InSAR)作为新兴的遥感测量手段,可以更精确、高效地进行大范围的滑坡灾害隐患识别.以黄河流域刘家峡-兰州段为研究区,采用永久散射体I...     

贵州省降雨型滑坡预报模型及检验

本文利用贵州省2010—2017年630次降雨型滑坡资料以及国家气象台站和区域自动气象站逐小时降水资料，分析了贵州省降雨型滑坡的时空分布特征。基于5个不同时效降水指标与滑坡累积发生概率的拟合曲线公式，得到不同概率对应的5个降水指标的降水阈值，建立贵州省降雨型滑坡预报模型,并利用2018年新增滑坡样本对预报模型进行检验。结果表明：贵州省降雨型滑坡高发期主要集中在5—7月，其中6月滑坡发生概率最高，约48.6 %；7月次之，约34.9 %。当R1h、R3h、R6h、R24h、R3d分别大于等于26.9 mm、48.9 mm、62.9 mm、79.5 mm、92.0 mm时，发布滑坡预报预警。在降雨型滑坡预报模型中，随着5个不同时效指标的降水量增大，降雨型滑坡累积发生概率变化呈现前后增加缓慢，中间快速增加的变化特征。模型检验结果表明贵州省降雨型滑坡预报模型有一定的准确性，且5个降水指标均具有一定的实用性，其中利用R3d开展降雨型滑坡预报准确率最好。     

Glacial activity and paraglacial landsliding in the Devensian Lateglacial: evidence from Craig Cerrig-gleisiad and Fan Dringarth,Fforest Fawr (Brecon Beacons), South Wales

The tongue-shaped mass of debris and associated ridges on the cirque floor below Craig Cerrig-gleisiad, Brecon Beacons National Park is important and controversial because it has been attributed to more than one glacier advance during the Late Devensian. A new origin is proposed involving landslide development from the collapse of part of the western headwall followed by a single phase of glacier development in the Loch Lomond Stadial (Younger Dryas), which reworked the landslide sediments. Evidence for this landslide, which provides useful criteria for differentiating moraines formed by small glaciers from landslides, lies in tension cracks, backward-tilted blocks and bedrock joints dipping out of the western headwall, together with lateral levées, upstanding termini and angular clasts with only occasional, indistinct striae on the tongue-shaped mass, which is interpreted as a flowslide. Glacier reworking of debris in the upper part of the Cwm Cerrig-gleisiad landslide is indicated by subparallel ridges rising to 20 m above the cirque floor containing abraded clasts (16-32% striated). This interpretation is supported by a comparison with the morphological and sedimentary characteristics of a neighbouring landslide at Fan Dringarth, where no glacier developed in the Loch Lomond Stadial. The existence of paraglacial landsliding has significant palaeoenvironmental implications leading to: (1) erroneously large estimates of equilibrium line depression ($Δ$ELA) in the Loch Lomond Stadial; (2) consequent underestimates of summer palaeotemperatures and/or overestimates of the contribution of wind-drifted snow to glacier accumulation; and (3) larger moraines than usual and overestimation of the efficacy of glacial erosion because of antecedent processes.