基于网络地理信息系统的公众气象信息系统设计

简要介绍了WebGIS的构建理论,主要分析了基于WebGIS在气象预报中的应用技术,初步设计了该信息系统的基本框架及其主页面的功能模块,并介绍了各个模块的主要功能。此系统的设计为更好地掌握气象信息提供了有效手段。     

四川省石棉县科落头滑坡形成机理与治理

由自然产生和人类活动引发的滑坡灾害在世界范围内都较普遍,其对人民的生命和财产安全构成了严重威胁,急需对其进行治理。以四川省石棉县新民乡科落头滑坡为例,在分析滑坡形成机理的基础上,进行了设计与施工探讨,为同类滑坡治理提供借鉴。     

Guidelines for trust interface design for public engagement Web GIS

Attesting to the powerful capabilities and in technology trends, many scholars envisioned the consolidation of geographic information systems (GIS) into vital tools for disseminating spatial information. GIS are presently used to inform, advise and instruct users in several contexts and to further engage citizens in decision-making processes that can impact and sustain policy development. Interaction with these applications incorporates risk and uncertainty, which have been repeatedly identified as preconditions in nurturing trust perceptions and which instigate a user's decision to rely on a system and act on the provided information. Research studies consistently demonstrated that a trust-oriented interface design can facilitate the development of more trustworthy, mainly e-commerce, systems. Trust in the Web GIS context, despite its significance, has only relatively recently received some attention. A set of human–computer interaction (HCI) user-based studies revealed some Web GIS trustee attributes that influence non-experts' trust beliefs and found that when these are problematic or absent from interface design, users form irrational trust perceptions, which amplifies the risk and may impose dangers to the user. These Web GIS trustee attributes that influence non-experts' trust perceptions are formulated here into a set of trust guidelines. These are then evaluated using the PE-Nuclear tool, a Web GIS application, to inform the public about the site selection of a nuclear waste repository in the United Kingdom. Our preliminary results indicate that the proposed trust guidelines not only support the development of rational trust perceptions that protect non-experts from inappropriate use of Web GIS technology but also contribute towards improving interaction with such applications of public interest issue.     

Effects of torsion factors on simple non-linear systems using fully-bidirectional analyses

An ensemble of earthquake records is used to carry out non-linear analyses of simple torsionally unbalanced systems considering both resisting elements and earthquake components along two perpendicular directions. These fully bidirectional analyses are focused to study the effect of the following factors: (i) seismic-force reduction factor; (ii) factors α and δ used to compute the design eccentricity; (iii) initial lateral period; and (iv) initial stiffness eccentricity. Results indicate that the amplification factor α can be specified as a function of the force reduction factor, the lateral uncoupled period, and the stiffness eccentricity. It is concluded that the coefficient δ depends on the lateral period, the stiffness eccentricity, and the geometrical eccentricity. It was observed that negative shears caused by torsion should be neglected in the design of the stiff element, particularly in the case of systems with large stiffness eccentricity. Results suggest that additional studies should be performed to verify the assumed (partial) equivalence between unidirectional (resisting elements and earthquake components along one direction only) and fully bidirectional analyses to study building torsion problems. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

土地整理公众参与机制研究

该文结合目前土地整理公众参与的情况,总结出当前土地整理公众参与中存在的主要问题,并就此进行公众参与总体框架的设计,包括土地整理公众参与的公众选择、参与方式、参与的过程设计及其保障措施。在今后的土地整理工作中,应力求使公众参与机制真正发挥其作用,使土地整理工作顺利进行,切实保护各利益主体的权益。     

Bridge pier failure probabilities under combined hazard effects of scour, truck and earthquake. Part II: failure probabilities

In many regions of the world, a bridge will experience multiple extreme hazards during its expected service life. The current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) load and resistance factor design (LRFD) specifications are formulated based on failure probabilities, which are fully calibrated for dead load and non-extreme live loads. Design against earthquake load effect is established separately. Design against scour effect is also formulated separately by using the concept of capacity reduction (or increased scour depth). Furthermore, scour effect cannot be linked directly to an LRFD limit state equation because the latter is formulated using force-based analysis. This paper (in two parts) presents a probability-based procedure to estimate the combined hazard effects on bridges due to truck, earthquake and scour, by treating the effect of scour as an equivalent load effect so that it can be included in reliability-based failure calculations. In Part I of this series, the general principle for treating the scour depth as an equivalent load effect is presented. In Part II, the corresponding bridge failure probability, the occurrence of scour as well as simultaneously having both truck load and equivalent scour load effect are quantitatively discussed. The key formulae of the conditional partial failure probabilities and the necessary conditions are established. In order to illustrate the methodology, an example of dead, truck, earthquake and scour effects on a simple bridge pile foundation is represented.     

面向景观规划设计的数字地形交互式编辑技术

 数字地形编辑是虚拟地理环境、三维景观仿真系统中一个重要的研究内容,在城市与乡村、区域道路网、风景园林的数字化规划设计实践中具有重要价值。本文以规则格网的数字地形为研究对象,面向城市和园林景观规划设计中的实际应用,提出了交互式数字地形编辑的解决方案,重点给出了分页技术的地形交互式编辑具体过程和相关的主要实现技术。数字地形编辑的实现,首先,通过鼠标交互式操作,结合射线求交算法,在地形表面选取目标编辑区域;然后,结合夹角之和检测算法,获取区域下地形数据,设定新的地形高程值,最后,将编辑操作传输至地形其他层,更新整个地形,并在地形编辑后,采用方格网计算法,统计出区域下地形填挖方量。此外,在经过平整的地形区域,植入树和三维建筑模型,构建虚拟城镇小区景观。本文初步实现了编辑操作功能的计算机软件,并展示了数字地形编辑在城镇小区景观设计中的应用结果。试验表明,基于规则格网和分页技术的数字地形编辑方法具有算法简单、计算量小、易实现等特点。此外,通过鼠标交互式的操作,能够实时、直观地显示编辑结果,达到"所见即所得"的效果。     

区域性地图集的设计创意——以《江苏省可持续发展地图集》为例

信息时代的地图集编制无论在理论上还是在实践上都有着巨大的创新空间。区域地图集旨在反映区域的主要特征,为区域研究和决策提供依据。在区域性综合地图集的设计中,我们把区域可持续发展的观念作为切入点,运用综合制图的概念对区域相关数据进行信息重组和数据挖掘,从而体现现代地图功能飘移的思路。同时应用数字地图集编制系统,为地图集数据的更新,多方利用创造条件。     

MASINGA RESERVOIR IN KENYA：SEDIMENT DISCHARGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ITS CAPACITY

ＭＡＳＩＮＧＡＲＥＳＥＲＶＯＩＲＩＮＫＥＮＹＡ：ＳＥＤＩＭＥＮＴＤＩＳＣＨＡＲＧＥＡＮＤＩＭＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＳＦＯＲＩＴＳＣＡＰＡＣＩＴＹ￥Ｆ．Ａ．Ｏ．Ｏｔｉｅｎｏ（ＳｅｎｉｏｒＬｅｃｔｕｒｅｒｉｎＣｉｖｉｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉ...     

YDX-1型轻便岩心钻机的研制与应用

根据我国矿产资源勘探开发现状,通过对国内外现有岩心钻机的对比分析,研制了YDX-1型轻便岩心钻机,其特点为高效、轻便、易搬运、模块化、全液压顶驱式。通过机电液测控技术、虚拟仪器技术、Internet网络技术,对钻机运行及钻进过程中相关数据进行采集、分析、处理,完成钻机故障诊断和故障处理、孔内工况识别和典型工况自动处理、钻进规程参数优化、远程数据传输及监控等任务目标,实现钻进过程自动化控制。钻机于2013年在山东省威海市进行了野外生产试验,展示出优良性能、高效率和高可靠性,取得了良好的经济技术效果。实践证明：YDX-1型轻便岩心钻机设计布局合理,性能优良,用途广泛,可靠性高,机械化程度高,制造质量总体水平高,对钻探工艺适应性强,是高山交通不便矿区勘探较为理想的新一代钻探设备。