CHAMP重力卫星结果在中国海及邻近海域的初步分析

利用世界上第一个采用高低卫_卫跟踪技术的CHAMP重力卫星计划导出的全新的高精度全球长波重力场模型EIGEN_1S结果 ,根据二维高斯滤波原理 ,基于相同空域尺度对卫星重力结果和由卫星测高解算的几种版本的海洋重力异常数据进行了长波部分的分析研究。结果表明 ,在中国海及其邻近海域卫星重力数据与卫星测高解算的海洋重力异常数据之间存在明显的偏差。     

Expansion of the Nishinomiya Built Environment Database

The Nishinomiya Built Environment Database, which can be used to analyze the disaster process of the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster in Nishinomiya City, has been expanded with new data entries. The database contains the following very detailed datasets: (1) the urbanization area base map, (2) casualty data, (3) three sets of building damage data surveyed by the Nishinomiya City, the Architectural Institute of Japan and the City Planning Institute of Japan, and the Kobe University, (4) building property data based on the real estate tax roll, (5) photographs of the damaged buildings with the information on the place and orientation of the picture, and (6) the estimated distribution of the seismic ground motion. The seismic ground motion was simulated for the southern part of Nishinomiya City and two verification sites in Kobe City and Amagasaki City. In the simulation, the borehole data of public facilities were used to model the surface soils as one-dimensional layers, taking into consideration the fact that the spatial distribution of the sediment/basement interface forms a slope. The model of the fault rupture process simulated the characteristics of the seismic motion at basement level, and amplification effects of the surface layers were evaluated based on multiple reflection theory. The distribution of peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity was estimated from acceleration response spectra at each borehole point. In addition, the relationship between simulated seismic ground motion and building damage was studied based on newly proposed band-passed spectrum intensity using the expanded database. This confirmed that detailed categorization is necessary in order to evaluate the fragility functions, especially for reinforced concrete structures. The database should provide fundamental information for identifying the relationship between the ground motions and the extent and pattern of building damage, or the pattern of the occurrence of casualties.Presently     

高斯线调频小波变换及其在地震震相识别中的应用

基于地震渐变信号在起始点附近信号高频分量比较丰富，但信号幅度较小的特点，本文选取高斯线调频小波作为基函数，研究了不同小波参数和信号参数对其变换结果的影响规律，找出了直接利用变换峰值进行震相识别的误差来源，提出了一种从背景噪声中实现渐变地震震相识别的有效方法——定尺度小波变换比方法，给出了模拟数字信号和实际地震震相识别的实例．      

由大尺度观测提取中尺度信息的可能性研究

利用浅水方程模式和变分四维同化方法对由大尺度观测提取中尺度信息的可能性进行了模拟试验研究。试验的初始场是在平直气流上叠加一个半径为 5倍格距的圆形涡旋。分别设定观测点的间距是 5 ,7和 9倍格距 ,观测的时间间隔分别是 1,2和 3h ,同化时间为 6h或 12h ,考察同化产生的初始场。试验结果是 :观测点的间距是 5倍格距时 ,由观测给出的分析场不能反映涡旋的基本特征 ,而在同化产生的初始场中 ,涡旋的基本结构清楚 ,但强度有所削弱。增加观测次数或者延长同化时间 ,可以改善同化的结果。对于移动较快的系统 ,同化的结果较好。当观测点的间距是 9倍格距时 ,同化的结果与分析场相比已无明显改进。     

某城市独立坐标系与1954北京坐标系转换方案

由于历史的原因，城市独立坐标系建立时没有严格按照国家规范的要求进行，这就使得它与国家坐标系的转换包含了线性变换和换带计算两个内容。文中以湖南某城市独立坐标系的转换为例，详细讨论了解决方案。     

Crystal morphology and surface structures of orthorhombic MgSiO3 in the presence of divalent impurity ions

Many rheological and transport properties of rocks are determined by the grain boundary structures of their constituent minerals. These grain boundaries often also hold a high concentration of dopant ions. Here, as a first step towards modelling the transport and rheological behaviour of the lower mantle, we report the results of lattice static simulations on the surface structures of Fe²⁺ and Ca²⁺-doped orthorhombic MgSiO₃-perovskite. For all the surfaces we studied, the energies of the doped structures are lowered, sometimes by more than 1 J/m², with respect to the pure surfaces. From our calculated crystal morphologies, we predict that the grains become more tabular as the concentration of Fe²⁺ ions increases, while under equilibrium conditions the grains are cubic. By calculating the replacement energies of Mg²⁺ by Fe²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions in the six outermost surface layers, we conclude that these divalent ions would tend to segregate onto the crystal surfaces. We suggest, therefore, that the grain boundary structure and rheology of MgSiO₃-perovskite dominated rocks will be strongly affected by the presence of minor elements in the lower mantle.     

空间Gauss—Kruger投影研究

研究了适合于星下点轨迹是某一经线的卫星图像数据投影选择的空间Gauss—Kruger投影，推导了空间Gauss—Kruger投影公式及其变形情况，并证明了该投影是等角空间投影，最后给出了算例。     

Simulation-based risk assessment of contaminated sites under remediation scenarios, planning periods, and land-use patterns—a Canadian case study

Risk assessment of contaminated sites is crucial for quantifying adverse impacts on human health and the environment. It also provides effective decision support for remediation and management of such sites. This study presents an integrated approach for environmental and health risk assessment of subsurface contamination through the incorporation of a multiphase multicomponent modeling system within a general risk assessment framework. The method is applied to a petroleum-contaminated site in western Canada. Three remediation scenarios with different efficiencies (0, 60, and 90%) and planning periods (10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 years later) are examined for each of the five potential land-use plans of the study site. Then three risky zones with different temporal and spatial distributions are identified based on the local environmental guidelines and the excess lifetime cancer risk criteria. The obtained results are useful for assessing potential human health effects when the groundwater is used for drinking water supply. They are also critical for evaluating environmental impacts when the groundwater is used for irrigation, stockbreeding, fish culture, or when the site remains the status quo. Moreover, the results indicate that the proposed method can effectively identify risky zones with different risk levels under various remediation actions, planning periods, and land-use patterns.     

基于GIS的黄水河地下水库实时调度管理系统与数值模拟研究

建设地下水库是我国北方特别是沿海地区解决水资源短缺的有效途径之一。本文依据龙口市黄水河地下水库的运行管理需要，建立了基于GIS的地下水库实时调度管理信息系统及数值模拟模型。对地下水库进行了调蓄调控模拟计算．为地下水库制定合理的调度运行管理方案和补源工程规划提供了科学依据。