模拟地震现场应急通信演练策划

就如何运用好目前福建省地震局所配备的地震现场应急通信系统开展演练进行了探讨。将现场通信演练细分为现场局域网系统、卫星通信系统、现场后勤保障系统和现场单兵通信系统进行策划,详细论述了演练的情景、科目、流程和演练目标等方面的内容。地震现场应急通信的演练策划所涉及的演练设备、演练内容、演练策略、演练评价及演练追踪评价等方面也做了相应的阐述。     

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伪距单点定位的精度分析及改进

GPS伪距单点定位速度快、不存在整周模糊度,因此具有很大的应用价值。分析了电离层延迟、对流层延迟、相对论效应、地球自转改正对伪距单点定位结果的影响,介绍了两种多历元求解时处理接收机钟差的方法,最后讨论了如何以大地坐标和高斯坐标为参数进行定位求解。     

Fluid–particle interaction in turbulent open channel flow with fully-resolved mobile beds

The paper presents Direct Numerical Simulations of an open channel flow laden with spherical particles at a bulk Reynolds number of 2941. The transport of thousands of mobile particles is simulated propagating over a rough bed which consists of immobile particles of the same size in hexagonal ordering. An Immersed Boundary Method is used for the numerical representation of the particles. With 22 points per diameter even the viscous scales of the flow are resolved at this Reynolds number. The reference run contains just as many fixed as mobile particles with a relative density slightly above the nominal threshold of incipient motion. Further runs were conducted with decreased mass loading and decreased Shields number together with a simulation containing only immobile particles. The variation of the parameters defining the mobile sediment yields a strong modification of particle–fluid as well as particle–particle interactions yielding different structures in space and time. This is assessed by means of appropriate statistical quantities addressing the continuous and the disperse phase. The results are in qualitative agreement with experimental observations at higher Reynolds number.     

重磁异常信号的非高斯性探讨

从盲源分离方法的问题及假设条件出发,阐述了探讨重磁信号非高斯性的必要性;通过对不同理论模型重磁异常信号的非高斯性进行研究,得出球体与直立长方体的重磁异常信号不是高斯信号;同时得出台阶重磁异常信号的非高斯性与其埋深有关,与磁化方向无关。     

星间加速度解算模式的模拟与分析

低低卫星跟踪卫星的观测量是两低轨卫星的星间距离或星间速度,星间加速度由星间速度通过数值微分导出,用星间加速度作为观测量可以避免解算卫星运动的变分方程,简化观测方程的建立,但数值微分会使观测噪声放大,从而影响重力位的解算精度.为了定量给出星间加速度观测模式的精度,本文分析并模拟验证了数值微分公式计算星间加速度的精度,导出了基于星间加速度的一般形式的观测方程,模拟计算了基于星间加速度的重力位模型.结果表明,采用星间加速度观测模式的解算精度要明显低于星间速度观测模式的解算精度.     

Nonlinear and Robust Location for Low-cost Shipborne Laser Ranging Positioning

ABSTRACT

Without landing on islands, reefs, or facilities, fast locating targets by the reflectorless ranging integrated with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has a wide range of application. We propose a nonlinear robust location method and modify current nonlinear estimators for achieving shipborne laser ranging positioning of high precision. The Newton method is recommended as a nonlinear estimator for shipborne ranging positioning since the Gauss–Newton method occasionally fails in critical cases when the control points and the unknown point are approximately coplanar. However, it shows that the vertical positioning based on the shipborne laser ranging is generally of low precision, while the vertical angle measurement is used to further remedy this deficiency. The positioning precision and reliability might be significantly decreased with the increased number of gross errors in the observations that are dynamically implemented on a moving shipborne platform; thus a weighting scheme with high breakdown point is recommended to set the preliminary weights, and then Scheme III of the Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics of China (IGGIII) is applied to iteratively updating the weights of distance observations. It shows that the proposed method based on the angle-distance observational data fusion can be used to achieve a three-dimensional positioning of high precision.     

同一台基的强震仪记录与地震仪记录对比研究

本文根据时域实时方法,对辽宁省共同台基的数字宽频带加速度记录和地震仪速度型记录进行相互仿真,并做了对比分析。结果表明,可以由加速度记录仿真得到真实的速度与位移时程;同样,地震仪速度型记录通过仿真也能得到加速度时程。由此可见,强震观测和地震观测在一定范围内是可以相互替代的。     

地方独立坐标系采用抵偿高程面的任意带高斯投影的分析

以某城市扩建后区域为例,较详细地论述了城市扩建后区域测量中应考虑的变形因素,以及解决变形的办法,详细地叙述了建立地方独立坐标系的原因及建立地方独立坐标系方法的选择。     

椭圆边经线多圆锥投影

提出建立椭圆边经线多圆锥投影的原理和方法,给出经线方程、纬线方程,求得x、y关于φ的偏导数和关于λ的偏导数后,即求得高斯系数并推导包括沿经线和沿纬线长度比、面积比和最大角度变形等的变形公式。用一算例说明椭圆边经线多圆锥投影的设计步骤和方法。