海东隧洞施工过程中地下水动态变化预测

以海东隧洞萂村段为例,从隧址区地质概况入手,在地下水补给、径流和排泄规律宏观掌握的基础上,运用Visual MODFLOW地下水三维数值模拟软件对隧址区地下水动态变化进行预测分析。结果表明:随着隧洞施工的推进,隧址区天然渗流场逐渐受到干扰,水位逐渐降低,形成地下水降落漏斗,漏斗范围不断扩大,影响范围达7.52 m。部分区域会发生地下水疏干现象,从而对周边地下水环境造成影响,影响到当地居民的生产生活用水。     

Nonlinear generation of harmonics through the interaction of an internal wave beam with a model oceanic pycnocline

The interaction of an internal wave beam (IWB) with an idealized oceanic pycnocline is examined using two-dimensional fully nonlinear direct numerical simulations based on a spectral multidomain penalty method in the vertical direction. The phenomenon of focus is the nonlinear generation of harmonics. A total of 24 simulations have been performed, varying the normalized pycnocline thickness and the ratio of peak pycnocline Brunt-Väisälä frequency to that of the stratified lower layer. Harmonics at the point of IWB entry into the pycnocline increase in amplitude and number with a measure of the maximum gradient of the Brunt-Väisälä frequency, suggesting refraction as an important factor in harmonic generation. Among the simulations performed, two distinct limits of pycnocline thickness are identified. For thin pynoclines, whose thickness is 10% of the incident IWB's horizontal wavelength, harmonics trapped within the pycnocline have maximum amplitude when their frequency and wavenumber match those of the natural pycnocline interfacial wave mode. Results in this case are compared with weakly nonlinear theory for harmonic generation by plane wave refraction. For thicker pycnoclines, whose thickness is equal the incident IWB's horizontal wavelength, IWB refraction results in harmonic generation at multiple locations in addition to pycnocline entry, giving rise to complex flow structure inside the pycnocline.     

Context-based automatic reconstruction and texturing of 3D urban terrain for quick-response tasks

Highly detailed 3D urban terrain models are the base for quick response tasks with indispensable human participation, e.g., disaster management. Thus, it is important to automate and accelerate the process of urban terrain modeling from sensor data such that the resulting 3D model is semantic, compact, recognizable, and easily usable for training and simulation purposes. To provide essential geometric attributes, buildings and trees must be identified among elevated objects in digital surface models. After building ground-plan estimation and roof details analysis, images from oblique airborne imagery are used to cover building faces with up-to-date texture thus achieving a better recognizability of the model. The three steps of the texturing procedure are sensor pose estimation, assessment of polygons projected into the images, and texture synthesis. Free geographic data, providing additional information about streets, forest areas, and other topographic object types, suppress false alarms and enrich the reconstruction results.     

金苞花组培苗安全养护的气候环境条件

本文以金苞花为例,尝试了组培苗从试管内到自然条件下安全养护的小气候环境模拟并获得成功,提出了“关键阶段,过渡阶段和适应阶段”的三段安全养护措施及其相应的气象条件。这对名贵花卉的商业性生产是有意义的。     

探讨几内亚某铝土矿公路项目的控制测量

通过几内亚某铝土矿公路项目实例,简要介绍了项目特点,国外常采用的UTM投影及其特点,重点分析了投影变形问题、独立坐标系的建立方法,介绍了项目控制网的测设处理方法。     

对国外工程测量中控制测量的探析

在国际工程测量中,应该采用合理的坐标系统和投影方式,以及对应的比例系数,满足工程的需要和规范的要求。本文论述了高斯-克吕格投影和UTM投影之间对应的比例系数,便于在国际工程测量中采取合适的校正方法,保证测量工作的准确性和精密性。     

基于CGCS2000椭球的坐标转换程序实现与精度分析

现有的公式和坐标转换软件多基于克拉索夫斯基椭球或1975国际椭球,不利于解算。基于VS2008平台,用C#语言开发了基于CGCS2000椭球参数的坐标正反算及坐标换带程序,并对结果进行了精度分析。     

地磁扰动期间等离子体层顶结构的模拟研究

本文选取2001年6月8-10日的一个亚暴事件,模拟了在这期间等离子体层的结构演化过程.选取Weimer(2001模式)电场和Tsyganenko(1996模式)磁场作为背景电磁场,基于E×B的漂移运动计算磁赤道面内的带电粒子分布,模拟磁扰期间的等离子体层变化.模拟了等离子体层顶的结构和形状,结果有羽状、肩状和通道状结构,与同一时间点的EUV/IMAGE探测结果一致.     

Toward real-time regional earthquake simulation II: Real-time Online earthquake Simulation (ROS) of Taiwan earthquakes

We developed a Real-time Online earthquake Simulation system (ROS) to simulate regional earthquakes in Taiwan. The ROS uses a centroid moment tensor solution of seismic events from a Real-time Moment Tensor monitoring system (RMT), which provides all the point source parameters including the event origin time, hypocentral location, moment magnitude and focal mechanism within 2 min after the occurrence of an earthquake. Then, all of the source parameters are automatically forwarded to the ROS to perform an earthquake simulation, which is based on a spectral-element method (SEM). A new island-wide, high resolution SEM mesh model is developed for the whole Taiwan in this study. We have improved SEM mesh quality by introducing a thin high-resolution mesh layer near the surface to accommodate steep and rapidly varying topography. The mesh for the shallow sedimentary basin is adjusted to reflect its complex geometry and sharp lateral velocity contrasts. The grid resolution at the surface is about 545 m, which is sufficient to resolve topography and tomography data for simulations accurate up to 1.0 Hz. The ROS is also an infrastructural service, making online earthquake simulation feasible. Users can conduct their own earthquake simulation by providing a set of source parameters through the ROS webpage. For visualization, a ShakeMovie and ShakeMap are produced during the simulation. The time needed for one event is roughly 3 min for a 70 s ground motion simulation. The ROS is operated online at the Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica (http://ros.earth.sinica.edu.tw/). Our long-term goal for the ROS system is to contribute to public earth science outreach and to realize seismic ground motion prediction in real-time.