降雨径流与洪水淹没模型耦合的应用研究

洪水研究包括径流与淹没两种模式.为了探究流域降雨产汇流与淹没情况、提高洪水预报精度,本研究在传统流域水文模型的基础上耦合二维水动力学模型,建立水文-水动力耦合模型.以我国吉林温德河流域为研究实例,模拟了2017年"7.13"洪水在下游口前镇所处子流域洪水淹没过程.首先对基础数据进行预处理,建立HEC-HMS水文模型并进...     

Numerical boundary conditions for solar magnetohydrodynamic flows using the method of characteristics

We discuss the self-consistent time-dependent numerical boundary conditions on the basis of theory of characteristics for magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations of solar plasma flows. The importance of using self-consistent boundary conditions is demonstrated by using an example of modeling coronal dynamic structures. This example demonstrates that the self-consistent boundary conditions assure the correctness of the numerical solutions. Otherwise, erroneous numerical solutions will appear.     

On a class of variational equations transformable to the Gauss hypergeometric equation

A new class of linear ordinary differential equations with periodic coefficients is found which can be transformed to the Gauss hypergeometric equation, and therefore the monodromy matrices are computable explicitly. These equations appear as the variational equations around a straight-line solution in Hamiltonian systems of the form H = T(p) + V(q), where T(p) and V(q) are homogeneous functions of p and q, respectively.     

Simulation of the size distribution and erosivity of raindrops and throughfall drops

This paper presents a model that simulates the size distribution and erosivity of raindrops and throughfall drops. It utilizes existing models of rainfall drop size distribution and fall velocity and combines them with newly collated evidence of throughfall drop size distributions. A sensitivity analysis reveals that the model is sensitive to parameters that are easily measured or estimated: rainfall intensity, the mean volume drop diameter of the intercepted throughfall, canopy cover, and canopy height. The results of the model may be used at two levels. Firstly, to calculate specifically the size and fall velocity of individual drops, parameters that are needed in studies examining the response of soil surfaces to forces applied by rainfall. Secondly, to produce erosivity indices, based on rainfall intensity but which take account of the effects of a vegetation canopy. The paper shows that while the kinetic energy of rainfall (E(0), J mm^?1 m^?2) may be calculated from an equation of the familiar form: the kinetic energy of throughfall under any canopy may be calculated by combining this equation with another that relates the energy of drops under a 100 per cent canopy cover (E(100)) and the canopy height: .     

An agent-based simulation model of a primitive agricultural society

The paper describes a model of an agricultural society in which agents live in a single settlement and use the surrounding area to produce essential and non-essential goods. Agents make, and attempt to fulfil, consumption and production plans but markets do not always clear and goods can change hands at different prices between different pairs of agents. The model generates a wide range of agricultural landscapes, including those of a classical von Thünen economy. Demographically, it produces outcomes varying from logistic growth to periodic collapse caused by cyclical famines.     

俯冲带波速结构的数值模拟

数值模拟结果显示，俯冲带在大部分深度都存在高速异常，并在400km左右和550km左右的深度存在高速异常的极大值，这和地震层析成像得到的波速结构相一致.说明虽然层析成像方法的分辨率较低，但它能给出俯冲板块上P波速度随深度变化的基本特征.俯冲带既有正的波速异常，也有负的波速异常，幅度约在-10%-%之间，这在区域台网的资料中可以得到反映.俯冲带在约700km深度存在低速异常，亚稳态橄榄石的存在也使俯冲带出现沿俯冲方向的倾斜低速区.地震层析成像结果没有类似的波速结构，可能是其分辨率较低所致.要研究俯冲带的细结构，应基于高精度的区域台网的资料.     

区域海气耦合模式FROALS的发展及其应用

区域海气耦合模式是研究局地海气相互作用过程影响气候变率的重要平台,也是对全球气候模式进行"动力降尺度"的重要工具.本文介绍了LASG(State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics)/IAP(Institute of Atmospheric Physics)发展的区域海气耦合模式FROALS(Flexible Regional Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model),并总结了过去五年围绕该区域海气耦合模式开展的研究工 作.FROALS的特点之一是有两个完全不同的大气模式分量和海洋模式分量选项,可以适应不同的模拟研究需 求.针对区域海气耦合模式在西北太平洋地区的模拟偏差,通过分步骤考察不同大气模式分量和不同海洋模式分量对模式模拟性能的影响,指出大气模式是导致区域海气耦合偏差的主要分量.通过改进对流触发的相对湿度阈值标准,有效地改善了此前区域海气耦合模式在亚洲季风区普遍出现的"模拟海温冷偏差".改进的FROALS对西北太平洋地区的大气和海洋环境有较好的模拟能力,合理地再现了西北太平洋地区表层洋流气候态和年际变率.较之非耦合模式,考虑区域海气耦合过程后,改进了东亚和南亚地区的降水和热带气旋潜势年际变率的模拟.最后,针对东亚—西北太平洋地区,利用FROALS对IAP/LASG全球气候模式模拟和预估的结果进行了动力降尺 度,得到了东亚区域50 km高分辨率区域气候变化信息.分析显示,FROALS模拟得到的东亚区域气候较之全球气候模式和非耦合区域气候模式结果具有明显的"增值",显示出区域海气耦合模式在该区域良好的应用前景.     

三峡树坪滑坡动力学的有限元模拟

三峡工程是迄今为止最大的水利工程,对库区滑坡灾害的监测和机制研究一直是重要的研究课题。本文利用Terra SAR-X的强度图进行相关计算,求解出2009年5月20日至8月5日期间三峡树坪滑坡的形变场。该形变场特征和树坪滑坡体的地形特征吻合甚好,位移大小、方向和三峡大学对滑坡体的野外观测结果基本吻合。以此高精度位移场为外部约束,结合野外观测资料对滑坡体介质力学性质进行分类并选取边界条件,利用有限元方法对滑坡活动进行动力学计算模拟。计算过程中对滑坡体的滑动面形状、因降雨引起材料参数变化和三峡水库水位等因素分别反演和调整,得出符合其变形和发展过程的滑坡动力学特征。发现软弱带的物性参数决定滑坡体总体滑动量,滑坡体的物性参数决定位移分布的峰值位置。在确定了滑坡动力学特征之后,进一步讨论降雨和库区水位下降对滑坡产生的贡献权重,得出降雨是树坪滑坡的决定因素。     

基于高海拔地区大型光伏电厂GPS控制网投影变形问题的应用研究

在高海拔地区大型光伏电厂的建设过程中,高精度的GPS控制网是工程质量的重要保障。高海拔地区,GPS控制网存在投影变形的问题,当长度变形大于2.5 cm/km时,如何通过选择合理的投影面和投影带建立坐标系,从而控制投影变形是问题的关键。本文从理论上分析了长度变形的影响规律,提出了合理的解决方法并通过工程案例验证了该方法在实际工程中应用的可行性。     

Study of a jet-propulsion method for an underwater vehicle

This paper investigates a novel jet-propulsion method for a submerged vehicle. The approach is based on flexible-tube, eccentric rotor, Downingtown-Huber type pumps. Equations of motion are derived for a craft driven by such pumps. In order to develop general insight into the overall dynamics of the system, simulations are carried out for the simple case of horizontal straight-line motion. Results are obtained for the vehicle velocity, distance traveled, pump speed, and energy consumption. Effect of drag forces on the operation of the craft is studied. Finally, the jet-propulsion system is compared with conventional screw-type propulsors via simulation.