阿拉善变质基底古元古代晚期的构造热事件

阿拉善地块可分为太古宙的叠布斯格杂岩(岩群)、古元古代的巴彦乌拉山杂岩(岩组)和古-中元古代的阿拉善杂岩(岩群)、波罗斯坦庙片麻杂岩和毕级格台片麻杂岩。太古宙的叠布斯格岩群和片麻岩中的锆石记录了1926Ma和1802Ma的变质事件年龄,角闪石记录了1918Ma的变质事件年龄,斜长石记录了1722Ma的冷却年龄。同时,在波罗斯坦庙变形的片麻状杂岩中的锆石记录了1839Ma的岩浆事件年龄。该区古元古代晚期的构造热事件,可初步将划分为2000～1900Ma的早期事件和1850～1800Ma的晚期事件,并在时间和特点上与大青山-集宁-大同一带变质地体中广泛发育古元古代晚期的岩浆-变质事件非常相似,进而表明,华北克拉通西部陆块中的古元古代晚期造山带(孔兹岩带)向西可延伸到阿拉善东部地区。     

中条山地区古元古代变基性岩墙的地球化学特征、 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

华北克拉通南部中条山地区发育有大量古元古代基性岩墙,它们对于认识华北克拉通古元古代构造演化具有重要意义。本文通过对中条山北段绛县地区变质基性岩墙进行锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年分析,结果表明该基性岩墙的变质年龄为1847±14 Ma,代表本区一期重要的变质事件,其形成时代大致限定为1.85～2.14 Ga。地球化学数据显示,岩石的SiO_2含量为45.94%～51.69%,TiO_2(0.93%～1.09%)和K_2O (0.15%～0.46%)含量低, Fe_2O_3~T(11.18%～13.43%)含量高,属于拉斑玄武岩系列;REE总量变化于60.56×10~(-6)～77.26×10~(-6),LREE、HREE分异明显,大部分样品显示Eu正异常(δEu=0.99～1.29);微量元素总体富集Rb、Ba、La等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,指示其属于大陆拉斑玄武岩系列,源区具有富集地幔的特征,推测其可能是在拉张环境下被先前俯冲带流体交代的地幔物质部分熔融的结果。综上,中条山地区古元古代基性岩墙可能代表着华北板块在新太古代晚期克拉通化后的一次强烈的伸展事件,随后其经历了18.5 Ga左右强烈的变质作用。     

五台地区雁门关早元古代镁铁-超镁铁岩体的岩石地球化学特征、成因及其大地构造意义

本文对五台地区侵入于原北金岗库组的雁门关镁铁-超镁铁岩体进行了详细的岩石学、矿物学和岩石地球化学分析研究.雁门关岩体在矿物成份上,特别是单斜辉石、尖晶石和角闪石,具有阿拉斯加型侵入岩体和俯冲带或弧相关的岩浆特征,其元素地球化学特征也可与阿拉斯加型侵入杂岩体类比,具有明显的Nd (Ta),Zr (Hf),Y和Ti负异常.从构造环境判别图来看,雁门关岩体主要为与俯冲相关的成因,具大陆边缘弧的性质.因此,雁门关岩体是侵入在大陆边缘弧环境的岩浆经历了橄榄石和单斜辉石的分离结晶作用的产物.它与恒山-五台-阜平地区广泛分布的同时代花岗岩和火山岩一起,构成了华北克拉通中部造山带内一期重要的古元古代大陆边缘岛弧岩浆活动.     

滇中易门地区古元古界易门群亮山组多细胞生物的年代学约束

滇中易门地区古元古界易门群亮山组中赋存有保存较好的多细胞生物化石,是大氧化事件,或广义的Lomagundi事件中生物与环境协同演化的产物。由于亮山组中普遍缺乏火山岩夹层及多期构造热事件的扰动,给精确测定这些多细胞生物的时代带来一定困难。以易门县铜厂地区罗洼垤组顶部灰白色凝灰岩1件、亮山组灰白色凝灰岩1件、粉砂质凝灰岩1件、灰黄色钙质粉砂质凝灰岩2件共5件样品260个锆石同位素测试结果为研究对象,结合区域构造热事件的分析,较准确地厘定了易门地区古元古界易门群亮山组中多细胞生物发育的时代为2.18～2.05Ga,与非洲加蓬Franceville地区发现的群居多细胞生物的时代一致,表明地球早期重大地质事件的同时性。     

A new interpretation for the origin of the Norilsk typePGEeCueNi sulfide deposits

The origin of PGEeCueNi sulfide deposits of Norilsk and Talnakh located in the northwest flank of the Triassic basalt trap formation of Siberia is considered. It is shown that ore elements of these deposits (probably, except Fe) are derived from the crust rather than from the mantle. They entered the basalts owing to a remobilization (recycling) of ore elements from the Paleoproterozoic sediments and from the rocks of the Siberian platform’s basement. Prospecting criteria for similar deposits are as follows: (1) a presence of a large Paleoproterozoic aulacogen and a related magmatic sulfide CueNi mineralization; (2) a confinement of perspective areas to troughs associated with long-lived deep fault zones; (3) association with mobile orogenic belts, island-arc systems and tectonomagmatic activation zones; (4) temporal association with boundaries of global periods characterized by active processes of continental breakup and large-scale trap magmatism. A combination of several factors (the first one is obligatory) is favorable for the discovery of a large ore body.     

浅谈山西省古元古代末期火山岩的构造背景

对山西古元古代末期火山岩的构造属性进行了研究,旨在为解决现今国内外关于古/中元古界(代)分界问题的分岐提供依据。该期火山岩角度不整合于具活动大陆边缘特征的结晶基底之上。无论是汉高山群(或小两岭组)还是西洋河群(—熊耳群),均呈SEE向展布,熔岩占绝对优势,偶见碎屑岩;以裂隙(串珠状)宁静式溢流喷发为主,同期的基性侵入岩墙群为其岩浆上升的通道。岩性以安山岩-玄武安山岩为主,含少量玄武岩和流纹岩。岩石斑晶为辉石和斜长石,偶见角闪石和黑云母。岩石地球化学富大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素,w(Th)>w(Ta)。全岩εNd(t)值和εHf(t)值均为负值,在SiO₂-K₂O图解中以SH+HKCA系列为主,为钾质火成岩系列。该期火山岩是古元古代中晚期华北克拉通结晶基底的西部陆块与东部陆块碰撞拼合的延续,为后碰撞火山弧岩浆。     

赞比亚北部卡帕图地区古元古代花岗岩成因:岩石地球化学、锆石年代学及Hf同位素约束

赞比亚北部地区广泛发育古元古代花岗岩,是研究班韦乌卢地块构造岩浆作用特征的天然实验室.本文对赞比亚北部卡帕图地区大面积出露的花岗岩体开展较系统的岩相学、岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究.结果显示,卡帕图地区主体花岗岩形成于2012±11～1970±20Ma,晚期浅肉红色似斑状正长花岗岩侵位年龄为1959...     

坦桑尼亚乌本迪造山带Kipili英安岩-流纹岩的年代学、地球化学特征及岩石成因

Kate-Kipili火山-侵入岩组合位于乌本迪带西缘与班韦乌卢地块的结合部位,通常被认为代表了造山后阶段的岩浆活动记录。本文对Kipili火山岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年的结果显示,3件样品的²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb年龄加权平均值分别为1887.0±8.6Ma、1885.4±8.0Ma和1869.0±8.0Ma,指示其形成于古元古代晚期。全岩地球化学分析表明,Kipili英安岩-流纹岩样品总体表现为高硅、高碱和低钛、低铁、低镁和低磷的特征,属于偏铝质—弱过铝质、高钾钙碱性系列岩石;所有样品均富集轻稀土元素及Rb、Th和K等大离子亲石元素,具中等的负Eu异常,亏损Nb、Ta、P和Ti等高场强元素,Ba、Sr含量变化较大。本文样品具有高的分异指数(DI=94～98)、低的铝饱和指数(A/CNK=0.82～1.10)和刚玉分子数(<1.0%),其斑晶通常仅见黑云母(绿泥石化)、石英和长石,而未出现白云母、石榴子石等富铝矿物,暗示它们属于高分异I型长英质岩石。Kipili火山岩的锆石ε_Hf(t)值变化范围大(-...     

Ediacaran fossils in Meso- and Paleoproterozoic rocks in peninsular India extend Darwin

Typically or arguably Ediacaran fossils (635 Ma to 543 Ma) are reported by several research groups from one unit of the Chhattisgarh and two units of the Vindhyan Supergroups in peninsular India. Depositional ages of the host sediments, however, are inferred to be ∼1000 Ma and ∼ 1630 Ma as determined by U-Pb dating of magmatic and detrital zircons in rhyolitic tuff (∼ porcellanite) and sandstones, provenance considerations and paleopole positions. The contradiction of absolute ages results from inferring the Ediacaran age strictly on the basis of fossils. I argue that the fossils reported from the Chhattisgarh and Vindhyan Supergroups should be considered mostly Mesoproterozoic and late Proterozoic in age. I also argue that although the Ediacaran Period records explosive diversity of preserved fossils, many forms very likely appeared much earlier with variable degrees of preservation or none at all at times, and, that their age-ranges extend to the Paleoproterozoic. I hypothesize that the rate of increase of biological diversity was lower than the rate of preservation in certain geological intervals, especially immediately after extinction events.     

Evolution of a Paleoproterozoic “weak type” orogeny in the West African Craton (Ivory Coast)

The Paleoproterozoic domain of the Ivory Coast lies in the central part of the West African Craton (WAC) and is mainly constituted by TTG, greenstones, supracrustal rocks and leucogranites. A compilation of metamorphic and radiometric data highlights that: i) metamorphic conditions are rather homogeneous through the domain, without important metamorphic jumps, ii) HP-LT assemblages are absent and iii) important volumes of magmas emplaced during the overall Paleoproterozoic orogeny suggesting the occurrence of long-lived rather hot geotherms. Results of the structural analysis, focused on three areas within the Ivory Coast, suggest that the deformation is homogeneous and distributed through the Paleoproterozoic domain. In details, results of this study point out the long-lived character of vertical movements during the Eburnean orogeny with a two folds evolution. The first stage is characterized by the development of “domes and basins” geometries without any boundary tectonic forces and the second stage is marked by coeval diapiric movements and horizontal regional-scale shortening. These features suggest that the crust is affected by vertical movements during the overall orogeny. The Eburnean orogen can then be considered as an example of long-lived Paleoproterozoic “weak type” orogen.