精密三角高程测量在公路测量中的应用

近几年,西部公路建设快速发展,但公路常规水准测量工作量大、进度慢等问题,严重影响公路建设效率.对精密三角高程测量的数学模型进行分析,并通过实际工程来论述它在公路测量中的应用和注意的问题.     

Stability of L4 for radiated rigid primaries in resonant cases

The non-linear stability of the triangular libration point L₄ of the restricted three-body problem is studied under the presence of third- and fourth-order resonances, when the more massive primary is a triaxial rigid body and source of radiation. In this study, Markeev's theorems are applied with the help of Moser's theorem. It is found that the stability of the triangular libration point is unstable in the third-order resonance case and in the fourth-order resonance case, this is stable or unstable depending on A₁ and A₂, and a source of radiation parameter α, where A₁, A₂ depend upon the lengths of the semi-axes of the triaxial rigid body.     

基于波前面三角形网格剖分的波前重建法三维射线追踪

在许多地震反演和偏移成像方法中,都要涉及到射线路径和旅行时的计算.本文将波前面三角形网格剖分和三维波前重建法射线追踪技术结合使用,实现了射线路径和旅行时的准确快速计算.三维波前重建法射线追踪过程中可以保证稳定合理的射线密度,克服了常规射线追踪方法存在阴影区的问题.波前面三角形网格剖分在描述和拆分波前面时更加准确有效,而且不需太多的网格数目,从而提高了射线追踪的精度和效率.该方法在三维复杂构造成像方面有独特的优势,目前在实际的Kirchhoff 偏移中的已经有相关应用.     

A visible band index for remote sensing leaf chlorophyll content at the canopy scale

Leaf chlorophyll content is an important variable for agricultural remote sensing because of its close relationship to leaf nitrogen content. The triangular greenness index (TGI) was developed based on the area of a triangle surrounding the spectral features of chlorophyll with points at (670 nm, R₆₇₀), (550 nm, R₅₅₀), and (480 nm, R₄₈₀), where R_λ is the spectral reflectance at wavelengths of 670, 550 and 480, respectively. The equation is TGI = −0.5[(670 − 480)(R₆₇₀ − R₅₅₀) − (670 − 550)(R₆₇₀ − R₄₈₀)]. In 1999, investigators funded by NASA's Earth Observations Commercialization and Applications Program collaborated on a nitrogen fertilization experiment with irrigated maize in Nebraska. Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data and Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data were acquired along with leaf chlorophyll meter and other data on three dates in July during late vegetative growth and early reproductive growth. TGI was consistently correlated with plot-averaged chlorophyll-meter values at the spectral resolutions of AVIRIS, Landsat TM, and digital cameras. Simulations using the Scattering by Arbitrarily Inclined Leaves (SAIL) canopy model indicate an interaction among TGI, leaf area index (LAI) and soil type at low crop LAI, whereas at high LAI and canopy closure, TGI was only affected by leaf chlorophyll content. Therefore, TGI may be the best spectral index to detect crop nitrogen requirements with low-cost digital cameras mounted on low-altitude airborne platforms.     

三角谱元法及其在地震正演模拟中的应用

谱元法（SEM）是基于有限元（FEM）的一种算法,在地震正演模拟中应用广泛,但是大部分研究都是基于四边形网格下的谱元法.本文给出了2阶谱元法在三角网格中（TSEM）的基本原理,包括Lagrange形函数的构建,数值积分公式的选取.在此基础上,分析了2阶TSEM方法的数值频散特性以及稳定性条件,并引入三角网格下3阶有限元方法进行分析对比,数值算例的结果证明2阶TSEM相比于3阶FEM具有更高的计算精度,以及更宽松的稳定条件.最后,本文将TSEM方法应用于中国西部地区的两个含溶洞介质的地质模型中,数值模拟结果表明TSEM方法能够有效地模拟复杂结构的介质,有助于对地震波场传播特性的认识.     

Excel软件在岩石学研究中的作图应用

以稀土元素配分曲线图解，Q－A－P三角形图解为例，详细介绍Excel数据处理软件在岩石学研究中简单数据处理及作图方法。与用计算器及米厘纸的手工作图方法相比，大大提高了工作效率，并可根据需要在屏幕上对图件进行修饰，使用激光打印机直接输出具有出版效果的图件。也可将Excel图表插入Word文档中一起打印，插入幻灯片文稿中进行演示。     

Simulation of a winter circulation over India using a global spectral model

A primitive equation spectral model has been successfully integrated for five days starting with the initial data of 26 February 1982. The geopotential heights and wind strengths are well predicted up to day 3. The 24-hour accumulated precipitation of the model reasonably agrees only up to two days, with the observed rainfall under the influence of western disturbance that prevailed over Afghanistan, Pakistan and north India till 3 March 1982. For one day global integration of the model, the CPU time requirement in Cyber 170/730 is about one hour.     

露采矿山宕口坡面表面积计算方法探讨

介绍了露采矿山整治中山体坡面表面积的两种计算方法:剖面法和小三角锁法。剖面法是把宕口坡表面分割成无数个小梯形进行计算表面积的一种方法。小三角锁法是通过对宕口坡表面数字化测量,根据测量数据建立数字高程模型,并在表面建立小三角锁,对所有小三角的面积累加得到面积的一种方法。小三角锁法大大提高了计算的准确度和效率。     

非纵观测系统地震测深资料分析处理的人机对话过程

本文在三维壳幔结构中两点射线追踪分步搜索算法的基础上,在物探中心地震方法研究室ＳＵＮ工作站上研究开发出可应用于非纵观测系统深地震测深资料人机对话三维分析处理的方法及软件。对研究区域的三角形剖分减少了人机对话过程中的工作量及人为干预,并用该方法以反演得到的华北块状模型作为初始模型,对该模型的剩余ＰｍＰ波残差进行了人机对话拟合。     

基于三角单元外心下的幂率格式在丁坝绕流中的应用

针对在非结构网格水流数值计算,将各变量储存在三角单元外心进行离散,从而避免了由于非结构网格的非正交性而使用各种校正方法所带来的校正误差.采用Rhie-Chow的动量插值思想推导出基于SIMPLE意义下的水位校正方程,并详细给出了水位校正方程的离散形式.动量方程采用数值性能优良的幂率格式.计算结果成功地模拟出丁坝上、下游涡的特征量及流场情况,与水槽试验的资料吻合良好.