利用WIN—SURFER软件绘制物化探图件

本文主要介绍了如何在ＷＩＮ－ＳＵＲＦＥＲ环境下实现物化探图件中的经纬网绘制、标准图框绘制、曲线类型图绘制方法。     

沙漠地区风积沙地基输电线路装配式基础真型试验研究

沙漠风积沙地基输电线路杆塔基础设计是当前我国电网建设中的关键研究课题之一。沙漠风积沙属于特殊土地基,这种地基上的输电线路装配式基础缺少相关设计依据。针对沙漠风积沙地基输电线路基础工程的特点,进行了输电线路装配式基础的真型试验,得到了上拔与水平荷载、下压与水平荷载联合作用下的承载变形特性、基础构件的应变特性、基础底板与风积沙地基之间的接触压力变化规律。根据测试结果,确定了沙漠地区风积沙地基装配式基础的地基承载力和上拔角取值,得到了基础稳定的最不利工况,有助于提高基础设计的可靠性和合理性。试验结果为沙漠地区台远-塔中220 kV输电线路基础工程的设计提供了依据。     

折线型滑面滑坡桩排推力分布规律研究

大型滑坡多排、埋入式抗滑桩设计中,需要明确桩排间距、桩顶埋深不同时各排桩分担的滑坡推力的大小及桩身推力分布形式。采用室内模型试验方法,研究滑面形态为折线形、后陡前缓的折线型滑坡在滑面位置已知情况下各排抗滑桩分担的滑坡推力,并总结出折线型滑坡在桩排间距不同时各排桩分担滑坡推力的规律。同时采用有限元强度折减法对桩顶埋深改变时（前排桩不变）桩身推力分布形式的一般规律进行了分析,提出折线型滑坡桩排间距、桩顶埋深的变化能有效改善前、后排桩分担滑坡推力的比例。研究结论对于更加安全、经济地进行多排、埋入式抗滑桩加固大型滑坡的设计具有一定指导意义。     

综合物探方法在太原市蒙山采空区探测中的应用

针对太原市蒙山煤矿采空区地形起伏较大、需弯线测量等因素制约的特殊场地条件,提出了阵列形式观测的高密度电阻率法和单点测量方式的瞬变电磁法相结合的综合物探方法.前者二维异常反演分辨率较高,可弥补瞬变电磁法浅部探测盲区,后者具有探测深度大的优势,采用一维异常反演方式可弥补高密度电阻率法受剖面折线展布和地形起伏影响的缺点.由此查明了该矿区采空区的位置及分布情况,后期钻探验证表明所采用的综合物探方法是行之有效的.该综合物探方法组合模式实现了两种物探方法的优势互补,可为同类场地条件下探测煤层采空区提供有意义的借鉴.     

Identification of trends in rainfall,rainy days and 24 h maximum rainfall over subtropical Assam in Northeast India

Trends in rainfall, rainy days and 24 h maximum rainfall are investigated using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test at twenty-four sites of subtropical Assam located in the northeastern region of India. The trends are statistically confirmed by both the parametric and non-parametric methods and the magnitudes of significant trends are obtained through the linear regression test. In Assam, the average monsoon rainfall (rainy days) during the monsoon months of June to September is about 1606 mm (70), which accounts for about 70% (64%) of the annual rainfall (rainy days). On monthly time scales, sixteen and seventeen sites (twenty-one sites each) witnessed decreasing trends in the total rainfall (rainy days), out of which one and three trends (seven trends each) were found to be statistically significant in June and July, respectively. On the other hand, seventeen sites witnessed increasing trends in rainfall in the month of September, but none were statistically significant. In December (February), eighteen (twenty-two) sites witnessed decreasing (increasing) trends in total rainfall, out of which five (three) trends were statistically significant. For the rainy days during the months of November to January, twenty-two or more sites witnessed decreasing trends in Assam, but for nine (November), twelve (January) and eighteen (December) sites, these trends were statistically significant. These observed changes in rainfall, although most time series are not convincing as they show predominantly no significance, along with the well-reported climatic warming in monsoon and post-monsoon seasons may have implications for human health and water resources management over bio-diversity rich Northeast India.     

软土地基坑中坑支护体系温度效应的数值分析

环境温度变化导致基坑支护结构内支撑轴力和变形过大的问题不容忽视。本文以福州地铁6号线潘墩站坑中坑工程为例,选取该基坑代表性区段采用ABAQUS程序及邓肯-张模型对其开挖和支护全过程进行三维有限元模拟,并将分析结果与现场部分监测数据进行对比,验证了所建模型及其材料参数取值的可靠性。同时,利用所建模型着重分析当地可能的季节或昼夜温差变化幅度内支撑轴力及围护墙水平位移的变化规律。结果表明：基坑开挖完成后,温度变化时支撑轴力与温度呈线性相关关系,轴力变化主要体现在内外坑的首道支撑上,此时围护结构整体向坑内或坑外运动,且地连墙侧移受温度影响范围主要集中在基坑开挖深度以上。不同开挖阶段的温度变化引起的温度效应相差较大,潘墩站最不利工况发生在最后一道支撑架设完毕后,此时地连墙水平位移增量及轴力变化幅度最大,温度效应最明显。该研究成果对类似软土基坑工程具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

本世纪全球增暖的显著性分析

用Ｊｏｎｅｓ、Ｗａｌａｃｅ等人全球年平均气温距平和全球陆地和海洋月平均气温距平格点资料,通过相关和趋势分析及Ｍａｎｎ－Ｋｅｎｄａｌ趋势检验（以下简称ＭＫＴ检验）发现：本世纪全球绝大部分地区增暖是显著的,而热带、副热带海洋,尤其是印度洋近百年来增暖最稳定．北大西洋近几十年来的显著降温导致了西半球３０°Ｎ以北大部分地区增暖趋势明显下降．与之相反,东半球欧亚大陆近几十年来冬季的强烈增温使地球增暖趋势大大增高,以致形成了东亚大陆和北大西洋－北美大陆东部地区在近５０年来变温反相的不均衡格局     

Electrical current along balloon rigging line inside thunderstorms

We have designed a new instrument to measure the current flowing along balloon rigging line during flights through thunderstorms. This instrument was tested in a high voltage facility and used to collect line current data during one balloon flight into a thunderstorm. Using these data, worst-case calculations are made; as such, we claim that they are the upper limits of any alteration (to the measured electric field or particle charge) that may occur, and the real number is likely much less. It is postulated the rigging-line current could have two separate effects on the measured electric field: (1) reduction of the field due to emission of corona ions, and (2) enhancement of the field due to the insertion of a long thin ‘conductor.' Even with current as high as 1 μA (the largest measured was around 50–100 nA), these two effects were found to be about −1% and +1%, respectively. Also, the calculated worst-case alteration to charged precipitation measurements is about 0.1 pC. Thus, with proper efforts to make the rigging line as poor a conductor as possible, it seems that we are justified in stating that these effects are negligible.     

近40年来甘肃省降水的变化特征

利用1960—2003年甘肃省59个测站逐日降水资料,研究了甘肃省四季和年降水量及雨日的气候变化特征。结果表明,平均年降水量和雨日的空间分布非常相似。河西和白银市的年降水量的趋势系数为正,省内其它地区为负;河西大部和甘南部分地区的年雨日的趋势系数为正,省内其它地区为负。线性倾向估计的结果表明,年降水量线性倾向值的零线基本以黄河为界,河西在增加,河东在减少,减少最明显的区域在徽县和康县盆地;雨日增加主要在河西西部偏南地区、沿祁连山的大部分地区及临夏以及甘南等海拔相对较高的地区,中部和陇东南的雨日在减少。雨日增多的地方降水量也在增加,反之亦然。全省年降水量和年雨日在1990年代均为低谷,而在21世纪初又都有上升趋势。降水量突变在1990年代中期;雨日突变河西在1960年代后期,河东在1970年代后期和1990年代中期。冬季降水量及雨日表现全省性大范围的增加趋势,秋季降水量及雨日亦呈全省性减少趋势;而春、夏季的降水量及雨日变化趋势则是地区性的。     

CINRAD-SA双偏振雷达资料在降水估测中的应用初探

对基于水平反射率ZH和差分传播相移率K_(DP)的降水估测综合法R(C)进行了改进,并对广州S波段双偏振雷达2016年2次飑线和2次台风降水过程的Φ_(DP)使用小波分析进行滤波处理,在此基础上使用变距最小二乘法拟合得到K_(DP)的值。分别使用R(C)和R(Z_H)法对2次飑线和2次台风降水过程进行降水估算,将估算结果和雨量计小时雨量进行了对比,并将两种方法的评估结果进行了对比。结果表明:(1)对于飑线类型降水,R(C)法对5 mm·h~(-1)以上的降水估测精度要好于R(Z_H)法,且降水率越大,R(C)法优势越明显,当降水率≥20 mm·h~(-1)时,两次过程R(C)法比R(Z_H)法的平均相对误差(RE)降低了17. 2%,平均绝对误差(AE)减少了1.89 mm,平均均方根误差(RMSE)减少了1.66 mm;(2)对于台风类型降水,R(C)法对5 mm·h~(-1)以上的降水估测精度也好于R(Z_H)法,当降水率≥20 mm·h~(-1)时,两次过程R(C)法比R(Z_H)法的平均RE降低了33. 19%,平均AE减少了3. 95 mm,平均RMSE减少了4.05 mm;(3)对于飑线和台风两种类型降水R(C)法都明显改善了降水率较大时的R(Z_H)法低估问题,但R(C)法在降水率10 mm·h~(-1)时也存在低估,可能是由雨滴谱资料观测误差导致拟合的系数偏小或雷达硬件造成的观测偏差等造成的。