动力排水固结前后软土微观结构分析

通过液氮冷冻干燥制样技术制备饱和软土试样,借助扫描电子显微镜技术,得到经室内动力排水固结前后土样的微观结构图像,用编制的计算机程序分析其微观结构参数变化。通过比较试样的孔隙个数、总面积、总周长、面积分级、平均孔径、形状系数、圆度和各向异性率、分形维数,研究了在动力排水固结作用下土体微观结构在垂直向和水平向发生的变化。     

Ionospheric electromagnetic perturbations observed on DEMETER satellite before Chile M7.9 earthquake

Based on the ionospheric electromagnetic data observed on DEMETER satellite of France, the ionospheric electromagnetic signals were analyzed within 10 days before Chile M7.9 earthquake on November 14, 2007. It is found that, low frequency electromagnetic disturbances began to increase in a large scale of latitude, and reached to a maximum one week prior to the earthquake, and at about three days before the quake, the peak values shifted to lower latitude. Taking three days as a group, spatial images of a fe...     

Constraints on Cation Order in Calcium-rich Sedimentary Dolomite

Most sedimentary Ca-rich dolomite in pre-Holocenerocks is known to exhibit a fine-scale modulation inTEM images, reflecting a domain structure of which onecomponent is a low-symmetry variant of dolomite. Thevarious structural models proposed for thelow-symmetry component involve Ca–Mg order patternsthat are different from that in dolomite. Caution istherefore required for interpretation of X-raydiffraction data, which average over the entirestructure. The average structures of two Ca-richdolomites having a structural modulation are refinedusing single-crystal intensity data. The resultsindicate a poor fit using a dolomite model, which isconsistent with the findings from TEM and electrondiffraction indicating that one component of thedomain structure is different than dolomite. Resultsalso indicate that average model A and B cation siteshave mixed Ca–Mg occupancy, which provides someconstraints on possible models for the low-symmetrydomains.     

国外测绘机构大地测量的新动向

本文概述国外测绘机构大地测量的动向 ,目的在于了解全球大地测量的发展趋势 ,作为借鉴。综观各国的大地测量动向可以看出 ,高精度国家大地控制网的建立 ,都是采用 GPS,无一例外 ,而且它们之间只是细节上的差异。从各国建立高精度大地控制网的目的来看 ,都是为多学科服务的。面对这样的总趋势 ,大地测量工作者必须拓宽知识面 ,迎接新的挑战。     

高水速凝材料-软土微观结构的SEM研究

高水速凝材料是一种新型的固体混合材料,它与普通硅酸盐水泥相比有许多独特的特点：(1) 水用量大;(2) 速凝早强;(3) 可泵时间长;(4) 良好的塑性特性;(5) 极限荷载后强度具再发展性能。虽然,高水速凝材料在煤炭和冶金系统得到了较广泛的应用,取得了较好的技术经济效益,然而,在其它领域还未曾应用过。为了探索高水速凝材料在软土地基方面的应用前景,笔者采用扫描电镜研究了高水速凝材料-软土凝固体的微观结构。研究结果表明,纯土的土颗粒之间只有原生矿物的几何堆积,而没有牢固的连接。但由于高水速凝材料的加入,彻底改变了土体结构。在高水速凝材料-软土凝固体中,主体结构为钙矾石结晶体形成的“空间网状结构”;辅助结构为在碱性环境中土颗粒之间的离子交换、团粒化作用和碳酸化作用所形成的微晶体与凝胶体结构。因此,高水速凝材料在地基处理方面具有较好的应用前景。     

SiO2 precipitation in olivine: ATEM investigation of two dunites annealed at 300 MPa in hydrous conditions

Two natural dunites were annealed at pressure P=300 MPa, temperature T=1373, 1473 and 1573 K, and fO₂ within the stability field of olivine. The starting materials contained small amounts of hydroxyls in the form of minor phases of hydrated minerals, which released an aqueous phase during the experiments. A detailed analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM) investigation of these materials revealed that small quantities of two types of silica-rich glass formed during heat treatment. The first type of glass, found at triple junctions as rare partially crystallized glass pockets, results from melting dehydration reactions involving the hydrous phases. The second type of glass is found as pure silica precipitates (0.1–0.5 μm in size, for a total of a few 0.1 vol%) within the olivine grains of specimens heated to ≥1473 K. From considerations of the kinetics of the precipitation at 1473 K, we interpret this silica precipitation as resulting from the condensation of olivine metallic vacancies promoted by increasing fluid fugacities during the runs. Our observations, thus, demonstrate that metastable silica can precipitate in olivine from dunites experiencing rapid changes in their thermodynamical environment.     

养殖牙鲆淋巴囊肿病的电镜观察

对养殖牙鲆中发生的似淋巴囊肿病进行了细 胞的电镜超微结构观察。结果指出,在囊肿细胞内有大量形态一致、大小为260～270nm的典 型虹彩病毒。因病毒的形态和大小与国外报道的淋巴囊肿病毒相同,故研究从电镜学的角度 确认供试牙鲆所患疾病是淋巴囊肿病(Lymphocystis disease,LD),该病毒为虹彩病毒科的 淋巴囊肿病毒(Lymphocystis disease virus,LDV)。该项工作系国内首次全面报道了病鱼主 要组织细胞的电镜观察结果,发现LD病毒存在于囊肿、心脏、头肾、脾脏、肠和鳃中。     

鲈鱼的鳃寄生车轮虫病及扫描电镜观察

报道鲈鱼的鳃寄生车轮虫病及病理组织的扫描电镜观察。病原鉴定为 :直钩车轮虫、杜氏车轮虫、日本车轮虫、劳牧小车轮虫及简单两分虫 5种车轮虫科纤毛虫 ,其中数量上占优势的为直钩车轮虫。扫描电镜观察结果表明 ,鳃寄生车轮虫可对宿主的上皮组织产生明显的机械性损伤并造成鳃丝粘液分泌增多及炎症反应。文中就海水养殖鱼类及野生鱼类由车轮虫寄生造成的危害及防治途径做了探讨。     

Impact of atmospheric parameters on the atmospheric Cherenkov technique

Atmospheric density profiles as well as several light absorption and scattering processes depend on geographic position and are generally time-variable. Their impact on the atmospheric Cherenkov technique in general (imaging or non-imaging) is investigated. Different density profiles lead to differences in Cherenkov light density of up to 60%. Seasonal variations at mid-latitude sites are of the order of 15–20%. The quest for improved energy calibration of Cherenkov experiments also shows the need for improved transmission calculations, taking all relevant processes into account and using realistic profiles of absorbers. Simulations including the scattering mechanisms also reveal the relevance of Rayleigh and Mie scattering for atmospheric Cherenkov experiments. Refraction and the differences between treating the atmosphere in plane-parallel or spherical geometry are also investigated.     

计算机互联网上时间传递的一种设计方案

目前,国内外时间传递方式主要有长波授时、短波地、电话授时、双星比对、ＧＰＳ时间信息等。信息产业的不断发展,使得互联网络已成为一种新的信息传递手段和资源共享方式 。通过计算机网络传输标准时间、频率将是授时领域的新课题,也是时间同步的新手段。讨论了计算机互联网上时间传递的一种设计方案,给出利用计算机网络系统实现标准时间的传递的具体方法,并介绍一种计算机互联网时间传递软件的使用方法等。