“07.08”陕西关中短历时强暴雨水汽条件分析

利用T213资料和地面逐时加密观测资料,对2007年8月8-9日陕西关中短历时强暴雨过程的水汽条件进行了详细的分析。结果表明,关中短历时强暴雨水汽来源于关中周围的高湿区,暴雨期间暴雨区上空水汽浅薄,地面至低层风向快速变化使暴雨区地面到低空湿度经历了减小—突然增加—快速减小的过程,水汽的聚集是通过偏东气流输送实现的,东西向水汽辐合是暴雨区水汽辐合的主要贡献者,北边界水汽的输入、输出和东边界水汽输入的突然增大、减小对暴雨的发生、发展及其结束有一定的指示意义;暴雨中心位于水汽通量大值中心及其下风向的水汽通量辐合中心之间;暴雨区可降水量的大小主要取决于水平水汽通量辐合的大小,水平水汽通量辐合的大小关键在于水平风场形成的辐合大小,而强降水的发生、加强、减弱及消亡与水汽的局地变化和水汽平流的变化关系更加紧密;近地层充足的水汽供应和水汽垂直输送形成的反环流圈使暴雨区水汽、能量迅速增加和抬升,建立了不稳定大气并触发能量释放,强降水开始;反之,形成暴雨的水汽条件不复存在,强降水结束。     

混合矿物组合光谱在蚀变矿物填图中的应用—以云南香格里拉地区Hyperion 数据蚀变矿物填图为例勘察新技术的应用

[摘要]由于自然界中矿物的共生组合具有一定的规律性,因此,在地质找矿和蚀变矿物填图中, 蚀变矿物组合和分带往往比单一的蚀变矿物更具有指导和决策意义。根据矿物在岩石、矿石或蚀变带 中的共生和伴生组合规律及工作的地质目标,将某些不易区分且又不必要区分的矿物作为一个矿物组 合进行识别,在混合光谱分解中亦作为一个端元进行计算,是解决矿物混合光谱的另一种有效途径。本 文使用云南香格里拉地区的hyperion 高光谱数据,以提取褐铁矿+绢云母的识别矿物组合作为矿物填图 研究的组合端元矿物目标,对云南高海拔地区的岩石蚀变信息进行了提取和分析,制作了遥感蚀变异常 图,并在图中蚀变提取异常的研究区实地考察并与提取信息作了比较。识别结果表明:研究区山头海拔 高度基本都在4000 m 以上,原始植被较少,岩石露头较多,虽然受各种干扰较大,但提取出了比较满意 的效果,进而可以其它知识的辅助下,可以实现对成矿远景区以及靶区的圈定。     

华南诸广山花岗岩体中段锶氧铅硫同位素研究

诸广山中段花岗岩体的Rb-Sr同位素等时线年龄为215.23Ma,属印支期。锶同位素初始比值为0.7229,Rb/Sr比值为1.09～15.6,初始~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb(18.216～19.042)和~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb(15.605～15.801)较高。全岩δ~(18)O为10.6‰～12.4‰,δ~(18)O-~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr相关趋势呈水平方向展布。硫同位素绝大部分在零值左右摆动,从早到晚变化范围逐渐变小。这些表明岩体是源于上地壳的改造型花岗岩,并经过了岩浆阶段,且在早期岩浆岩基础上又经过了多次重熔演化。     

我国煤矿城市产业结构转换问题研究

本文通过煤城工业行业结构的系统聚类,从分析煤城产业结构同经济效益的关系、以及由此产生的问题入手,阐述了煤城产业结构调整的必要性,并就某些认识观念和结构调整的基本思路提出了新的看法,继而结合若干煤城的实证分析,对基本思路进行了具体化研究,归纳出煤城产业经济发展重点和产业结构转换的一般规律。     

Reconceptualising adaptation to climate change as part of pathways of change and response

The need to adapt to climate change is now widely recognised as evidence of its impacts on social and natural systems grows and greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated. Yet efforts to adapt to climate change, as reported in the literature over the last decade and in selected case studies, have not led to substantial rates of implementation of adaptation actions despite substantial investments in adaptation science. Moreover, implemented actions have been mostly incremental and focused on proximate causes; there are far fewer reports of more systemic or transformative actions. We found that the nature and effectiveness of responses was strongly influenced by framing. Recent decision-oriented approaches that aim to overcome this situation are framed within a “pathways” metaphor to emphasise the need for robust decision making within adaptive processes in the face of uncertainty and inter-temporal complexity. However, to date, such “adaptation pathways” approaches have mostly focused on contexts with clearly identified decision-makers and unambiguous goals; as a result, they generally assume prevailing governance regimes are conducive for adaptation and hence constrain responses to proximate causes of vulnerability. In this paper, we explore a broader conceptualisation of “adaptation pathways” that draws on ‘pathways thinking’ in the sustainable development domain to consider the implications of path dependency, interactions between adaptation plans, vested interests and global change, and situations where values, interests, or institutions constrain societal responses to change. This re-conceptualisation of adaptation pathways aims to inform decision makers about integrating incremental actions on proximate causes with the transformative aspects of societal change. Case studies illustrate what this might entail. The paper ends with a call for further exploration of theory, methods and procedures to operationalise this broader conceptualisation of adaptation.     

Towards a better understanding of gendered power in small scale fisheries of the Western Indian Ocean

Scholarship on gender in fisheries is not new. However, while there are many studies on the context and politics of gender and fisheries, understanding how power influences gender equality remains understudied, especially in the Western Indian Ocean. Based on evidence gathered from an interdisciplinary set of literature, including sectoral policies, this article provides nuanced insight at rethinking - how gendered-power dynamics constrain and enable choices and opportunities for addressing gender inequality in small-scale fisheries. Compelling evidence shows that a gendered-power dynamic is crucial for renegotiating gender equality with social norms and politics, including challenging simplistic views on poverty, vulnerability, and subordination of women. The article presents a latent chance for greater reflexivity among development practitioners, researchers, and policymakers on the politics of and transformation towards gender equality in small-scale fisheries.     

海洋链霉菌分离株M095遗传转化体系的建立

研究了海洋链霉菌分离株M095的基因转移系统。利用属间接合转移将具有oriT的大肠杆菌-链霉菌穿梭质粒pIJ8600转入EscherichiacoliET12567(pUZ8002)中,获得供体菌。将供体菌与预萌发的菌株M095的孢子进行接合转移,将质粒pIJ8600转入菌株M095中,其转化率为1.99×10-4个接合转化子/受体。Southern杂交证明质粒pIJ8600已经整合到菌株M095的染色体上。同时,将来自Spirulinamaxima(Cyanophyta)的别藻蓝蛋白基因(apc)克隆在质粒pIJ8600的XbaI和BglII位点,产生质粒pAPIJ。用接合转移法将质粒pAPIJ转入菌株M095。通过SDS-PAGE分析,得到2个大小为22ku和17ku的蛋白,分别相对应于别藻蓝蛋白的α和β亚基。这些结果进一步证明菌株M095的遗传转化体系已经成功建立起来,这将为其他海洋放线菌遗传转化工作的研究奠定基础。     

基于DFT幅度的矢量地理空间数据数字水印算法

基于矢量地理空间数据自身的特点,运用离散傅立叶变换技术,提出了一种基于离散傅立叶变换的矢量地理空间数据数字水印算法。首先根据矢量地理空间数据的顶点序列构造复数序列,然后对该复数序列做离散傅立叶变换,将水印信息转换为符合N(0,1)分布的伪随机水印序列嵌入到变换后的幅度中,再进行离散傅立叶逆变换得到含水印信息的矢量地理空间数据。提取水印时,通过比较嵌入水印的数据与原始数据之间的差异提取出原始水印信息。实验分析表明,该算法在抗矢量地理空间数据处理中常见的删点、数据格式转换、平移、旋转等方面具有较好的效果。     

Sequential high-pressure transformations of FeGeO3 high-P clinopyroxene (C 2 /c) at temperatures up to 365 ¯C

 In order to elucidate high-pressure transformations of high-P clinopyroxene (C2/c) at kinetically low temperature where atoms are not thermally activated, the transformation processes of FeGeO₃ clinopyroxene (C2/c) have been investigated at pressures up to 20 GPa and 365 °C by powder X-ray diffraction using a synchrotron radiation source and TEM observation. With increasing pressure up to 20 GPa at room temperature, FeGeO₃ high-P clinopyroxene (C2/c) reversibly transforms into a new high-pressure phase, FeGeO₃(II). On increasing the temperature up to 365 °C, this phase rapidly transforms into FeGeO₃ ilmenite within about 2 h. Intensity analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern reveals that the high-pressure phase of FeGeO₃(II) has an intermediate structure between clinopyroxene and ilmenite: the cation arrangement is similar to that of clinopyroxene and the oxygen arrangement is similar to that of ilmenite. The comparison of the crystal structures of these polymorphs suggests that clinopyroxene to FeGeO₃(II) and FeGeO₃(II) to ilmenite transformations are performed by the slight deformation of the oxygen packing and the short-range movement of cations, respectively. It is shown that this high-P clinopyroxene transforms into ilmenite through a low-activation energy path under the low-temperature condition. Received: 30 August 2000 / Accepted: 10 February 2001     

Narratives,narrations and social structure in environmental governance

Avoiding further aggravation of the consequences of global environmental change remains a complex governance challenge. Social relational structure among actors plays a key role for enhancing the capacity of collaborative approaches to environmental governance. We present an encompassing conceptual framework to advance understanding of the mechanisms that shape dynamics in environmental governance entities. Narrative theory is integrated with insights on group dynamics grounded in social network theory to contextualize local social complexities in governance processes. We assume that social relational structure between actors, and narrations they tell, co-produce narratives and dynamics at the group level. Three important mechanisms that influence dynamics are described: (1) the interplay between collaborative relationships and narrative congruence between individual actors, (2) the characteristics of actors, and (3) the actors’ embeddedness in the wider social structure. A set of testable hypotheses on the interplay between narration, narratives and social relational structure in environmental governance processes is presented. We conclude by discussing why we regard this framework useful to study local and regional governance entities in the context of addressing global environmental change.