面向山地徒步应急救援路径规划的改进蚁群算法研究

当消防事故发生在无明显道路或道路稀疏的野外复杂山区时,如何在复杂山地环境中规划安全、快速通过的路线至关重要。针对蚁群算法在复杂山地路径规划中容易陷入局部最优以及搜索时间较长的问题,本文提出一种适用于细粒度野外山地环境的徒步应急救援路径规划算法。本文首先根据已有文献分析地表信息与人类运动速度之间的关系,综合地表灌木盖度与地形坡度因素设计寻优算法的目标函数和启发函数;接着采用定向范围视野的蚂蚁搜索方式,决定蚁群算法寻优过程中每一步的网格选择;最后采用拉普拉斯分布调整初始信息素、添加隔离信息素、融合遗传算子与分组更新常规信息素的方法改进蚁群算法。将算法应用到400×400、1000×1000、5000×5000、10 000×10 000网格数的野外山地环境进行实验对比,实验结果表明,采用定向范围视野与优化启发函数的各蚁群算法在四组实验中均能得到可行路径,验证了方法的有效性;本文算法求解的路径质量优于另外三种算法,在四组实验中分别提高了0.52%～4.95%、4.71%～5.39%、2.26%～13.11%、3.84%～9.16%;此外,在野外三维山地环境中,定向范围视野的搜索方式缩减了搜索...     

边长勘丈法在村庄地籍测量中的应用

探计了村庄地籍测量的三种方法,重点发析了边长勘丈法在溧水县村庄地籍测量的可行性,通过实践对比,分析了该方法对测量成果的精度影响.     

四川彭山钙芒硝矿统一规划勘探和开发之成效

论述了在县域内实行矿产资源的统一规划、统一勘探、统一开发的重要性；实现公益性地质矿产调查与商业性地质勘查工作分制运行，以加强矿产资源调查评价与勘查，进而为县域经济可持续发展提供矿产资源保障。     

THE INFLUENCE OF SLOPE AND RAIN INTENSITY ON RUNOFF AND INFILTRATION / L'influence de l'inclinaison de terrain et de l'intensité de pluie sur l'écoulement et l'infiltration

Abstract

The design and construction of a special-purpose laboratory catchment and rainfall simulator is described. The equipment consists of a soil catchment area that can be inclined at various angles. Additional instrumentation then measures the flow of water across the surface of, and through, the soil bed. Precipitation is provided by a unit that simulates rainfall at particular rates with uniform distribution.

The equipment was used to examine infiltration, runoff and other hydrological properties of a number of soils under different rainfall intensities and with different catchment slopes. Correlations were obtained for these variables.     

农业地质信息在农业地质研究与区划中的应用

农业地质是以地质理论为基础与大农业专业理论相结合以解决农业相关问题，服务于农业，以在农业生产实践中获取最大的社会和经济效益。虽然我国正在广泛开展农业地质调查获取了较多的农业地质信息，但信息利用程度低，发挥的经济效益不够理想。分析了在我国开展农业地质研究的意义及其存在的问题，并就农业地质信息在农业区划中的应用进行了探讨。     

Putting accessibility in place: A relational reading of accessibility in policies for transit-oriented development

In order to facilitate sustainable development, a shift from mobility-based to accessibility-based planning has been suggested. However, if we rely on the modern conceptualisation of accessibility, such a shift would have limited results. As an alternative, this paper proposes a relational reading of accessibility, which questions the divide between mobility and place upon which the modern definition is based. It argues that the accessibility of a place is characterised by a specific coordination of presences and absences that depends as much on boundaries and exclusions as on mobility. If accessibility changes, so does the place. This interpretation makes accessibility a matter of priorities and provides a critical perspective on arguments for time–space compressions and progress. This is illustrated here using the example of a regional strategy for transit-oriented development in Sweden (Region Scania). For that case, the discourse on accessibility revealed simplified arguments for densification, progress and metropolitan ideals, contradicting the initial inclusive intentions of the strategy. Thus, there is a need to put accessibility in place so that a shift to accessibility-based planning facilitates a move towards social and environmental sustainability.     

三峡重庆库区生态监测规划研究

本文在简要介绍三峡重庆库区基本情况的基础上,分析了库区生态问题,科学合理地提出了重庆库区生态监测的布站原则、站点选择、监测方式、监测项目和监测方法,为三峡库区生态监测进行了前瞻性的研究.     

山地旅游规划工程地质方法及其应用前景分析

我国作为多山国家,山地旅游资源极为丰富。但由于山地地质灾害多发,许多山地旅游景区都或多或少地存在着地质灾害隐患。山地旅游的成功开发,需要一个完善的山地旅游规划作为保证,而是否充分考虑到山地灾害及其防治,对山地旅游的成功开发和安全运营起到至关重要的作用。然而,现阶段旅游规划专业涉及山地灾害及其防治方法的内容相当少,不足以解决问题。鉴于此,作者提出了山地旅游规划工程地质方法的概念,旨在通过与旅游规划学科交叉,使山地旅游的安全得到进一步保障,并推动山地旅游的可持续发展。另外,上述学科交叉也为工程地质学提供了一个新的研究方向。     

吉林省矿产资源“十二五”规划战略构想

总结了吉林省“十一五”期间地质勘查、矿产资源领域取得的成就和存在的问题,研究了“十二五”地质矿产供需形势,提出了全省“十二五”矿产资源规划指导思想、规划目标、主要任务和保证措施.     

A comprehensive approach to drought and desertification in Northern Nigeria

Drought has been a recurring feature of the arid and semi-arid areas of Nigeria. This paper reviews the extent, severity, and consequences of drought and desertification in Nigeria with particular emphasis on the northern part of the country. The haphazard manner in which these environmental hazards have been tackled is examined and a systematic approach for the formulation of a national policy is proposed. It is recommended that a detailed formulation and implementation of the proposed policy plan is imperative to mitigate the often devastating impacts of drought and desertification in the very prone areas of Nigeria. Until such is done, some areas of Nigeria will always be vulnerable to the whims of an inevitable climatic hazard of drought and associated land degradation in the form of desertification.