合肥整层大气可降水量与地面露点相关性分析

根据合肥站地基双频微波辐射计和地面温、湿度传感器的4年观测资料,对比分析了国内外学者利用地面露点温度td计算整层大气可降水量W的经验计算模式.结果表明,合肥站td与lnW之间年线性相关系数普遍＞0.90,经验系数α=-0.521,6=0.0901℃1-,反映出合肥地区气候条件的特殊性.td与lnW之间月相关系数的变化范围较大(0.120～0.813),而且秋季和冬季各月相关性较好,晚春和夏季各月相关性较差,尤其是在7、8月份;两者的季节相关性为秋季最好,夏季最差,春季和冬季的相关系数差别很小;经验系数α与月相关系数的年变化近似呈反向,在春、秋、冬三季变化比较平缓,在夏季却出现剧烈变动.在月时间尺度上根据经验计算模式利用td计算W的方法不可取.     

临沭县耕地总量动态平衡工作初探

临沭县近几年工业发展势头较猛,但土地后备资源不足,经济发展对土地刚性需求大,保护资源与保障发展的双重压力较大。为此,临沭县重视土地利用总体规划,加强土地开发复垦和整理,强化耕地保护意识,加强耕地保护目标责任制,加大执法力度,实现了全县耕地总量的动态平衡。     

Structural relation of hydrous ringwoodite to hydrous wadsleyite

The sequential displacement mechanism based on the oxygen-lattice cubic closest packing (c.c.p.) in the < 2 0 1 > direction was proposed in this study. All displacements of cations are within the OT and the O layers with the length of displacement vector being around 1.7 or 2.9 Å, contrary to displacement of around 5.0 Å for models proposed previously. The difference in atomic arrangement between hydrous wadsleyite and hydrous ringwoodite is small. The atomic arrangement of the O layer of hydrous wadsleyite is essentially the same as that of hydrous ringwoodite when Mg vacancies preferentially exist in the O layer. The partial occupancies of normally vacant tetrahedral sites reported in the hydrous-β and hydrous-γ structures may possibly be caused by the existence of Mg vacancies at the octahedral sites through phase transition from hydrous-β to hydrous-γ or from hydrous-γ to hydrous-β phases.     

应用ΣE2/3-t曲线进行中期地震预报的研究

本文分析了我国１９００年以来Ｍｓ≥７．０级地震前与断层面总面积有关的参量ΣＥ＾２／３随时间的变化，探讨了运用ΣＥ＾２／３－ｔ曲线进行中期地震预报的可能性。通过分析某一地区历史地震的Ｅ＾２／３（ｔ）曲线，可以认识这一地区在过去若干年内地震的活动情况，并由此判断该区未来几年到几十年内地震活动的总状态；还可以根据Ｅ＾２／３（ｔ）曲线外推估计一个地区目前地需求的可能强度。本文对Ｅ＾２／３（ｔ）曲线的基本形     

Electric charge separation in severe storms

This paper proposes a new model for thunderstorm electric field generation which directly utilizes the dynamic turbulent motion to separate the charges. Postulating a microphysical charge separation mechanism, such as is commonly accepted in most other theories, and which places a negative charge on the larger particles with a positive charge on the smaller ones, it is described how evaporation and cooling at the tops of small cumuli will release the positive charges as ions. These ions migrate to the surrounding cloud as the cooled parcel, with negatively charged particles in it, sinks down through the cloud. Since the sinking parcel contains mostly ice, it will be more buoyant than its surroundings when it reaches rising regions of water cloud, and hence should come to rest near the –10°C level. Thus the cloud will acquire an accumulation of negative charge at about this level before substantial hydrometeors begin falling out of it.     

Thermal decomposition of NH<Subscript>4</Subscript><Superscript>+</Superscript>-vermiculite from Santa Olalla (Huelva,Spain) and its relation to the metal ion distribution in the octahedral sheet

The investigation of the NH₃ loss in the NH₄⁺-vermiculite (Santa Olalla) by thermogravimetry, evolved gas analysis, chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy is reported here. The mass loss during heating takes place in two steps at about 650 and 825 °C. Additionally, the releases of H₂O and NH₃ occurs simultaneously. The experimental results indicate that the protons remaining in the interlayer space after NH₃ removal trigger the H₂O release. X-ray diffraction shows that during the decomposition of NH₄⁺-vermiculite there are two domains with different interlayer spaces at ~9 and ~10 Å. As the decomposition proceeds, the intensity of the 9 Å peak increases at the expense of the second one. The change in the IR-stretching modes of the structural OH groups during heating indicates that the OH groups surrounded by 3Mg²⁺ or 2Mg²⁺Fe²⁺ are released at lower temperatures than those with environments like 2Mg²⁺Fe³⁺, 2Mg²⁺Al³⁺ or more complex ones.     

The geochemistry of selenium associated with coal waste in the Elk River Valley,Canada

Selenium (Se) concentrations more than 12 times greater than the provincial freshwater quality guideline (2 µg/L) were detected in the Elk River downstream from the five open-pit coal mines in southeastern British Columbia's Elk River Valley. To identify possible sources of Se to the Elk River, samples from the coal-bearing Mist Mountain Formation were studied using X-ray diffraction, elemental and oxide analyses, sequential extractions and heavy liquid separation. Between 2.5 and 21.3% of the total Se in the five types of materials studied is water-soluble and 1.0 to 10.6% is associated with hydrous ferric and manganese oxides. Se associated with sulphides and organic material varies between 60 and 84% of the total Se and Se in the silicate structure varies from 5.9 to 24.7%. The ratio of sulphides to the total of organic carbon is well-correlated with the amount of Se in materials closely associated with coal seams containing less than 6 mg/kg of Se (r=0.916). This may suggest that the amount of organic matter present during deposition affects the amount of Se incorporated into sulphides.     

Adsorbable Organic Halogens (AOX) in Polish Rivers – Levels and Changes

This paper presents results of a study on the concentration of adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) in water samples of the Oder River and its tributaries collected from 1998 to 2002. The Vistula River water for AOX was analysed in the period 2001–2002. The investigated waters of the Vistula near the mouth (Kiezmark) were more contaminated with AOX than the Oder near the mouth (Widuchowa, Krajnik Dolny). In general, AOX levels in the Polish rivers are comparable to the values found in the European rivers, e.g. the Rhine and the Ton. The research has shown that AOX were correlated with pH, total suspended solids, and the riverine flow. No relation between dissolved oxygen and redox potential and AOX was found out. During the flood period AOX, inorganic halogens (TIX), and mineral substances (sulfates) were analysed.     

全站仪垂直角一测回标准偏差检定方法的研究

摘要通过对全站仪测角部分编码技术分析,按照检定规程中关于测角部分中对于一测回垂直角标准偏差检定,得出在计算一测回竖直角标准偏差上进行改动即可检定方法。     

断层面上迹线产状及总断距确定

除了深、大断裂等复杂断层以外，研究一般断层都需利用岩层、岩脉等各自的迹线。迹线的产状实质上是空间二斜面相交线的产状，属于立体几何学等数学范畴。地质上早就用赤平投影等方法估测。本文中数学计算方法是对前人方法的补充，精度可高达分、秒。介绍的产状网虽属估测，但制作简便。求解断层两盘相对运动力和总断距等的方法，美国有毕令斯的画法几何，前苏联有莫尔恰诺夫和瓦依涅尔曼的图解分析法。本文的迹线计算法避免了繁杂的作图过程，而所得结果和美、苏方法相同。 文章还对断层擦痕、牵引褶皱及断层旁侧派生的节理能否指示相对运动，提出新见。