Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation of the Suqiao buried-hill zone in Wen'an Slope,Jizhong Subbasin,Bohai Bay Basin,China

The hydrocarbon migration and accumulation of the Suqiao deep buried-hill zone, in the Jizhong Subbasin, the Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China, was investigated from the perspective of paleo-fluid evidence by using fluid inclusions, quantitative fluorescence techniques (QGF), total scanning fluorescence method (TSF) and organic geochemical analysis. Results show that the current condensate oil-gas reservoirs in the study area once were paleo-oil reservoirs. In addition, the reservoirs have experienced at least two stages of hydrocarbon charge from different sources and/or maturities. During the deposition of the Oligocene Dongying Formation (Ed), the deep Ordovician reservoirs were first charged by mature oils sourced from the lacustrine shale source rocks in the fourth member of Shahejie and Kongdian Formations (Es₄+Ek), and then adjusted at the end of Ed period subsequently by virtue of the tectonic movement. Since the deposition of the Neogene Minghuazhen Formation (Nm), the reservoirs were mainly charged by the gas that consisted of moderate to high-maturity condensate and wet gas sourced from the Es₄+Ek lacustrine shale source rocks and mature coal-derived gas sourced from the Carboniferous-Permian (C-P) coal-bearing source rocks. Meanwhile, the early charged oil was subjected to gas flushing and deasphalting by the late intrusion of gas. The widely distributed hydrocarbon inclusions, the higher QGF Index, and FOI (the frequency of oil inclusions) values in both gas-oil and water zone, are indicative of early oil charge. In addition, combined with the homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions (<160 °C) and the existence of solid-bitumen bearing inclusions, significant loss of the n-alkanes with low carbon numbers, enrichments of heavier components in crude oils, and the precipitation of asphaltene in the residual pores suggest that gas flushing may have played an important role in the reservoir formation.     

黄海、东海水体总吸收系数光谱特性及其统计反演模式研究

利用现场实测的表观光学量和固有光学量数据,得到了我国黄海、东海近岸二类水体多个波段的总吸收系数的统计反演模式。此反演模式采用412/555、490/555两个波段遥感反射比比值的二项式,得到波长412、440、488、510、532、555nm处的总吸收系数,其反演值和实测值的平均相对误差不大于25.8%,相关系数R2达到了0.75到0.85。水体总吸收系数几种统计模型的误差敏感性分析表明,反演模式对±5%的遥感反射比输入误差导致结果增加误差最大为24.0%,因此反演模式是可用的。同时给出了412、488、510、532、555nm各波段的总吸收系数同波段440nm的总吸收系数之间的关系。结果表明,在400—600nm波段范围内,每一个波段的总吸收系数与440nm波段的总吸收系数的相关性均较高,相关系数R2都超过了0.99。通过对拟合直线的斜率与波长进行回归,得到斜率和波长的关系,其相关系数R2为0.99,这样利用本文中建立的各波段总吸收系数关系模型,可以从一个已知波段的总吸收系数反演出任何另外一个波段的总吸收系数,这就在水色反演与应用中大大减少了未知因子的个数。     

酸性电解水的减菌化参数对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)肌肉生化特性的影响

以肌动球蛋白含量、Ca2+-ATPase酶活性、总巯基活性(T-SH)和活性巯基(A-SH)含量为考察指标,研究了用不同pH的酸性电解水、以不同的时间对凡纳滨对虾进行减菌化处理后,对虾肌肉的生理特性及肌肉品质的变化。结果表明:电解水的酸性越强、处理时间越长,对虾的肌动球蛋白、T-SH和A-SH的含量越低,Ca2+-ATPase的酶活越小。当对虾在pH分别为2.62、3.18、4.06的酸性电解水中处理60min后,肌动球蛋白含量分别损失了98.7%、90.0%、73.7%,Ca2+-ATPase的失活率分别为93.4%、87.8%、84.3%,T-SH含量分别减少了57.8%、42.3%、40.3%,A-SH含量分别减少了77.8%、65.9%、30.7%。说明酸性电解水的减菌化条件对虾肉的生化指标影响显著。     

堤下爆炸法处理淤泥地基新工艺的理论、实验及工程应用(Ⅰ)堤下爆炸法的理论及实验研究

在淤泥质海岸建造高桩码头,通常在开挖基槽后沉桩再抛石形成棱体。基槽中的回淤淤泥很难清除,为此研制了堤下爆炸挤淤新工艺。本文是关于该新工艺的理论、实验及工程应用的一个总结,分两部分,第一部分着重介绍挤淤机理、装药工艺、模型律及药量公式等。研究及应用表明,这种新工艺与先前我们研制成功的爆夯法及爆填法一起,构成了较为完整的工艺系列。     

Recent increase of DIC in the western North Pacific

The temporal variation of the total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) content in the western North Pacific is investigated by comparing the DIC distribution obtained from the data sets of three different periods, the GEOSECS data observed in 1973, the CO₂ dynamics Cruise data observed in 1982, and recent Japanese data sets observed during the early 1990s. The overall feature of the signal of temporal DIC change during 1973 and early 1990s agreed with that of former studies, and did not significantly change with the calculation scheme (the grid-selection method vs. the multiple regression method). The observed increase in DIC among the different time scales showed a good inner consistency, which also indicates the stability of the method used in the DIC change calculation. The apparent rate of increase of the DIC inventory in the upper 1000 m water column, however, differed significantly by the data set used for the calculation: It was 5.6±2.4 g C/m²/year, based on the data comparison between 1982 and the early 1990s, while it became 7.6±2.4 g C/m²/year when based on the data between 1973 and the early 1990s. This result provides us an information about the data-dependency on the former estimation of temporal DIC change.     

利用GPS计算TEC的方法及其对电离层扰动的观测

在总结用ＧＰＳ研究电离层电子总量ＴＥＣ的数据处理方法基础上,分析了利用伪距观测量和载波相位观测量计算电离层ＴＥＣ的特点及误差来源．在处理过程中考虑了卫星的硬件延迟偏差,分析了应用ＩＲＩ模型进行接收机硬件延迟偏差修正的可能性,发现利用少量ＧＰＳ数据和ＩＲＩ模型修正接收机硬件延迟偏差有一定的困难．最后,利用一些ＧＰＳ观测数据有针对性地研究了电离层对若干次扰动事件的响应．包括一次大的太阳耀斑期间的电离层ＴＥＣ变化、一次较典型的电离层行扰以及日食期间的电离层ＴＥＣ的相对变化等电离层物理问题．结果表明,利用该方法计算ＴＥＣ的精度可满足电离层扰动现象的研究．     

大气冰核谱对雷暴云微物理过程及起电影响的数值模拟

利用已有的二维对流云模式,讨论了三种不同的冰核谱对雷暴云微物理、起电及电荷结构的影响。模拟结果表明:(1)不同的冰核谱环境对雷暴云中冰相粒子的含量及分布具有明显作用。冰核谱的垂直温区越大,产生的冰相粒子分布越广。在冰核浓度较大的个例中,冰晶和霰粒子的含量高,更多的小冰相粒子出现在海拔更高的区域;(2)高温区冰核的数量会对上升气流速度产生显著影响。高温区的冰核越多,冰相粒子在微物理发展过程中释放的潜热越多,上升气流强,对流发展越旺盛;(3)在低温区冰晶浓度高的谱环境个例中,雷暴云中的非感应起电率和感应起电率高,导致起电量增加。高温区冰核多的谱环境,大量冰晶和霰获得正电荷形成次正电荷区,电荷结构呈现三极性;而高温区冰核少的谱环境,参与起电的水成物粒子少,易形成偶极性电荷结构。     

铜在牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)组织蓄积、分配及排放的研究

采用暴露实验方法 ,研究了海水中Cu在牙鲆 (Paralichthysolivaceus)内脏、肌肉、鳃组织内吸收、积累和排放规律 ,海水中总有机碳 (TOC)浓度、配体种类对铜吸收的影响及其与海水表观络合容量 (ACuCC)的关系。结果表明 ,Cu浓度为 0 .5mg/L时 ,各组织内Cu蓄积量随暴露时间增加而增大 ,第 1 3天均达吸收平衡 ,此时Cu蓄积量 (mg/kg)为内脏 971 .89>肌肉 2 0 4 .99>鳃 90 .0 4。染毒 1 3天牙鲆在清洁海水中排放结果表明 :随排放时间增加各组织Cu蓄积量下降 ,第 8天接近排放平衡。此时各组织Cu排出率为 :肌肉 89% >鳃 86.5 % >内脏团 83.7%。海水中TOC浓度、种类对牙鲆Cu蓄积有明显影响 ,当TOC浓度相同时 ,孔石莼分泌物比牙鲆分泌物更能降低Cu在牙鲆组织内吸收和蓄积量 ;当TOC种类相同时 ,随TOC浓度升高 ,各组织铜蓄积量均明显下降 ,表明海水TOC能降低牙鲆组织对Cu的吸收和积累。ACuCC随TOC浓度增加有明显上升趋势 ,并与TOC浓度呈线性相关。     

长江三峡工程对河口近海区理化环境要素的影响

本文在调查研究的基础上,论述了长江径流的主要作用,并且给出了长江径流量分别与含沙量、营养盐含量的经验关系,同时阐述了河口近海区水动力条件,给出了径流量与沿岸锋锋位的回归关系。根据上述关系及长江三峡工程运行预案,研究了工程兴建后可能对河口近海地区理化环境要素分布的影响。研究表明,该工程兴建后虽对河口近海产生一定的影响,但并不会超出历史上自然变化对其影响的范围及程度。     

雷暴起电和放电物理过程在WRF模式中的耦合及初步检验

本文将雷暴云的起电、放电物理过程引入中尺度的WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting)模式,并对超级单体和飑线过程进行了模拟研究.起电过程在Milbrandt双参数微物理方案中写入,包含霰、雹与冰晶、雪之间的非感应起电机制,以及霰、雹与云滴之间的感应起电机制.放电参数化方案只考虑了闪电...