GeoDatabase数据模型及其几何网络的拓扑分析应用

阐述了ArcInfo软件的GeoDatabase数据模型及特点,介绍了GeoDatabase数据模型的几何网络,依据模型几何网络的特点,分析了几何网络在地理信息系统拓扑分析中的应用.     

A double continuous approach to visualization and analysis of categorical maps

A method to visualize multiple membership maps, called ‘Colour mixture’ (CM) is described and compared with alternative techniques: defuzzification and Pixel mixture. Six landform parameters were used to derive the landform classes using supervised fuzzy k-means classification. The continuous categorical map is derived by GIS calculations with colours, where colour values are considered to represent the taxonomic space spanned by the attribute variables. Coordinates of the nine class centres (landform facets) were first transformed from multivariate to two-dimensional attribute space using factor analysis, and then projected on the Hue Saturation Intensity (HSI) colourwheel. The taxonomic value was coded with the Hue and confusion with Saturation. To improve visual impression, saturation was replaced with whiteness. Classes that were closer in attribute space were merged into similar generic colours. The CM technique limits the derived mixed-colour map to seven generic hues independently of the total number of classes, which provides a basis for automated generalization. The confusion index derived from the mixed-colour map was used to derive primary boundaries and to locate areas of higher taxonomic confusion.     

基于连续区域拓扑关系的组织和建立

在分析了现有拓扑关系自动建立时的一些不足，提出了在现有拓扑关系组织结构的基础上，增加一层拓扑控制结构，从而使得各小区域（或称图幅）内的拓扑关系，能够通过拓扑控制结构把拓扑关系延伸到任何大小的连续区域，减少了现有信息资源的浪费。     

Applying bi-directional evolutionary structural optimisation method for tunnel reinforcement design considering nonlinear material behaviour

In the empirical methods for reinforcement design of underground excavations, an even distribution of rock bolts is generally recommended. This work proves that this design is not necessarily optimal and shows how the state-of-the-art reinforcement design could be improved through topology optimisation techniques. The Bidirectional Evolutionary Structural Optimisation (BESO) method has been extended to consider nonlinear material behaviour. An elastic perfectly-plastic Mohr–Coulomb model is utilised for both original rock and reinforced rock. External work along the tunnel wall is considered as the objective function. Various in situ stress conditions with different horizontal stress ratios and different geostatic stress magnitudes are investigated through several examples. The outcomes show that the proposed approach is capable of improving tunnel reinforcement design. Also, significant difference in optimal reinforcement distribution for the cases of linear and nonlinear analysis results proves the importance of the influence of realistic nonlinear material properties on the final outcome.