Robust估计的算法优化

本文分析了Ｒｏｂｕｓｔ估计收敛慢的原因，提出以最小二乘平差的残差（Ｖ）为初始信息，用Ｌ１估计的权函数所计算的权力初始权，根据迭代计算的残差的大小，及残差的变化所提供的信息，构造出加速收敛的算法，计算结果表明，较之一般的方法，迭代次数显著减少，辨识杠杆点含粗差的能力有较大提高，即搜索粗差的效率有很大提高。     

粗差验后方差的无偏估计与最优稳健估计

在正态粗差假设下导出了粗差验后方差的无偏估计,对误差工膨胀模型和误差均值移动模型,两者的无偏估计公式是相同的。这证明了李德仁验后方差的朱建军方差不是无偏的。由于偏方定义的彭方法是正态粗差假设下的最优稳健估计。     

改进型数据加窗法的高程粗差剔除研究

利用摆动式单波束探测水下微地形时,因掠射角、底质特性等因素对回波信号的影响,导致数字高程粗差产生。本文根据摆动式单波束的探测原理和工作特点,对多波束测量中的数据加窗法进行改进:将回波能量作为探测点的内在属性参与确定起始加窗点;加窗点采用实测点,并要求起始加窗点尽可能靠近整条测线上实测点的高程均值。由此提高了高程粗差剔除的准确性。在实际应用中,随机微地形的高程粗差被成功剔除。     

A strip adjustment procedure to mitigate the impact of inaccurate mounting parameters in parallel lidar strips

Lidar (laser scanning) technology has been proven as a prominent technique for the acquisition of high-density and accurate topographic information. Because of systematic errors in the lidar measurements (drifts in the position and orientation information and biases in the mirror angles and ranges) and/or in the parameters relating the system components (mounting parameters), adjacent lidar strips may exhibit discrepancies. Although position and orientation drifts can have a more significant impact, these errors and their impact do not come as a surprise if the quality of the GPS/INS integration process is carefully examined. Therefore, the mounting errors are singled out in this work. The ideal solution for improving the compatibility of neighbouring strips in the presence of errors in the mounting parameters is the implementation of a rigorous calibration procedure. However, such a calibration requires the original observations, which may not be usually available. In this paper, a strip adjustment procedure to improve the compatibility between parallel lidar strips with moderate flight dynamics (for example, acquired by a fixed-wing aircraft) over an area with moderately varying elevation is proposed. The proposed method is similar to the photogrammetric block adjustment of independent models. Instead of point features, planar patches and linear features, which are represented by sets of non-conjugate points, are used for the strip adjustment. The feasibility and the performance of the proposed procedure together with its impact on subsequent activities are illustrated using experimental results from real data.     

LCR-G型重力仪周期误差的研究

分析了LCR-G型重力仪周期误差的产生机制,讨论了周期误差标定的基本原理和方法,结合LCR-G920和LCR-G922在灵山重力基线场上的3次标定,对LCR-G型重力仪的周期误差进行了较为深入的研究,得出了一些有益的结论。     

LEGE法与QUAD法的比较

通过多维粗差的同时定位与定值法(LEGE法)和拟准检定法(QUAD法)的比较研究,以及算例的数值分析,论述了两种探测粗差方法的不同特点,并指出了二者粗差估值的等价效果。     

水下地形测量高程异常点剔除方法研究

本文针对水下地形测量过程中测深数据的粗差问题，结合在生产工作中的一些经验和有关的资料，提出了测深数据处理的方法，并编写了相应的程序用于生产。     

Use of local and global maps of forest canopy height and aboveground biomass to enhance local estimates of biomass in miombo woodlands in Tanzania

Field surveys are often a primary source of aboveground biomass (AGB) data, but plot-based estimates of parameters related to AGB are often not sufficiently precise, particularly not in tropical countries. Remotely sensed data may complement field data and thus help to increase the precision of estimates and circumvent some of the problems with missing sample observations in inaccessible areas. Here, we report the results of a study conducted in a 15,867 km² area in the dry miombo woodlands of Tanzania, to quantify the contribution of existing canopy height and biomass maps to improving the precision of canopy height and AGB estimates locally. A local and a global height map and three global biomass maps, and a probability sample of 513 inventory plots were subject to analysis. Model-assisted sampling estimators were used to estimate mean height and AGB across the study area using the original maps and then with the maps calibrated with local inventory plots. Large systematic map errors – positive or negative – were found for all the maps, with systematic errors as great as 60–70 %. The maps contributed nothing or even negatively to the precision of mean height and mean AGB estimates. However, after being calibrated locally, the maps contributed substantially to increasing the precision of both mean height and mean AGB estimates, with relative efficiencies (variance of the field-based estimates relative to the variance of the map-assisted estimates) of 1.3–2.7 for the overall estimates. The study, although focused on a relatively small area of dry tropical forests, illustrates the potential strengths and weaknesses of existing global forest height and biomass maps based on remotely sensed data and universal prediction models. Our results suggest that the use of regional or local inventory data for calibration can substantially increase the precision of map-based estimates and their applications in assessing forest carbon stocks for emission reduction programs and policy and financial decisions.     

利用RADIOASTRON模拟估计的EOP对相关参数精度的灵敏度分析

介绍了包括章动参数的空间VLBI数学模型,探讨了该模型用于大地测量解算的可行性;模拟了针对RADIOASTRON卫星的空间VLBI观测量及相关参数;利用所模拟的时延观测量研究分析包含章动参数的数学模型对EOP参数的可估计性,进而给空间VLBI数学模型中除EOP参数以外的参数赋予不同的先验误差,研究EOP参数对这些先验误差的灵敏度。     

高分辨率三维激光扫描数据的微小变形统计分析

地基三维激光扫描数据具有高精度、高空间分辨率的特点,能够改变传统的单点变形观测模式,使传统的点测量向“形测量”转化,因而大量的变形监测数据使得通过数学统计的方法探测变形量小于测量精度的微小变形成为可能。利用高分辨率三维激光扫描数据的微小变形统计分析方法,提出了基于反射值影像和BaySAC的拼接方法提高拼接精度;通过拟合方式提高整体分析精度,而影响拟合精度的主要因素为粗差,因此采用RanSAC算法剔除粗差,提高拟合的精度;然后利用格网化方法消弱偶然误差、修正拼接误差,最终得到变形量。采用建筑墙面及地铁隧道的点云数据进行了微小变形检测的实验,证明了该方法的有效性。