60年代末与70年代末中国4个地磁台处Jerk的分析

外场的影响可以通过一定的方法从地磁月均值中消除,本文用通日月均值资料分析了广州、余山、兰州和北京的Jerk的大小．结果显示,上述4台的X和Y分量都存在二次寻数阶跃．Z分量上Jerk不明显,只有兰州和北京台较易看出60年代末的Jerk．由于本文结果是尽量消除外场影响后的结果,又是中低纬度地区的结果,所以作者认为它可支持Jerk是源于地核的推论,而且认为应将60年代末的Jerk与70年代末的Jerk一并研究．     

动态金幔柱模式──兼论金星上小型冠状构造的浅起源

热和组分密度异常共同驱动的动态金幔柱解析模式给出金幔柱在金幔中上升的历史．当金幔柱到达岩石层底时其头部的特征量是5个独立变量的函数：（1）金幔柱起源的深度;（2）金幔粘性系数;（3）源温度异常值;（4）源组分与热密度异常之比;（5）金幔柱的浮力通量．基于新的Mapellan数据,金星表面上有360多个冠状和类冠状构造已被发现,其中65％直径小于300km．这类小型冠状构造被认为是由具有下述特征的较小的金幔柱所形成：（1）最大直径小于300km;（2）当其头部到达岩石层底时,过剩温度足以产生部分熔融层,应高于150K;（3）被冠状构造下面的金幔柱带上来的总浮力有能力支撑冠状构造隆起的总质量．用这3个条件分析数值结果并约束金幔柱的源参数,根据本文的数值实验结果,金星上的小型冠状构造可能是起源于上金幔小于1000km深度的动态金幔柱形成的．     

哀牢山变质带元江──墨江剖面岩石的纵波波速特征及其地质意义

依据研究区的地热梯度（25℃／km）,在高温高压（最高温度为1050℃,最高压力为1.2GPa）条件下系统测量了横穿红河-哀牢山断裂带的元江-墨江地质剖面上的哀牢山岩群各类变质岩（千枚岩、片岩、浅粒岩、变粒岩、大理岩和片麻岩）的纵波速度．实验结果表明,不同岩类的纵波速度随温度压力变化的趋势不同．在相当于衷牢山岩群变质岩峰期变质温度和压力条件下（P=0．4-0.8GPa,T=35-700℃）,测得大部分岩石的纵波速度为5．50－5．80km／s,这一纵波速度值与区域地球物理测深揭示的中地壳低速层的纵波速度相当因此,结合该区变质岩、地壳内热状态及地球物理测深研究成果可初步认为：组成哀牢山岩群的浅粒岩、变粒岩、酸性片麻岩以及部分千枚岩、片岩为该地区中地壳低速层的主要岩石类型．     

Time-Variations of D-Region Electron Densities, and Comparisons With Model Computations

An extensive series of incoherent scatter studies of the ionospheric D-region was carried out at the Arecibo radar facility during 1978 and 1979. They included several full-day sequences of electron density measurements over a range of altitudes, and also included a sequence during the serendipitous occurrence of a large solar flare. For the solar flare event simultaneous data on solar X-ray fluxes in several wavelength bands were available from the GOES-2 and ISEE-3 satellites. In the course of development of a large ionospheric computer model at Los Alamos we have used the solar flare data as a reality check. The solar X-ray flux data were used as inputs for computing ionization rates. The model computer includes 999 chemical reactions, and also includes diffusion and transport processes. In the course of the flare studies we used the data comparisons to adjust the values of three chemical rate coefficients that were poorly known. With those adjustments the model computations fitted the data quite well. Subsequent to the flare analysis we have been using the same model with some minor updates to compute the expected diurnal variations of the ambient D-region under conditions chosen to match those existing at the times of the incoherent scatter measurements. Comparisons of the computations and the data will be shown, and the relative importance of the several separate ionization processes will be discussed. We also compare model results with experimental data on concentrations of NO.     

A spectrum of the acoustic-gravity waves associated with Auroral electro-jet

This model concerns the analysis of Aurora initiated travelling pressure waves in an isothermal atmosphere. Electro-dynamic Lorentz Force associated with auroral electric current density during the periods of geomagnetic activity is invoked as a possible exciting source.The dispersion phenomena in auroral induced acoustic gravity modes in the earth's atmosphere are examined and various cut-off frequencies analysed.Finally, an attempt is made to obtain a far field representation of the forced oscillations by means of Green's Function technique. Therefrom, the spectral amplitudes of the ground-level oscillations are computed. Incorporating various scaling factors, it is deduced that these amplitude components are in reasonable agreement with the results of recent measurements.     

Stress in the lithosphere: Inferences from steady state flow of rocks

Mechanical data and flow processes from steady state deformation experiments may be used to infer the state of stress in the lithosphere and asthenosphere. Extrapolations of flow equations to a representative geologic strain rate of 10^–14/sec. for halite, marble, quartzite, dolomite, dunite and enstatolite are now warranted because the steady state flow processes in the experiments are identical to those in rocks and because the geotherms are reasonably well established. More direct estimates are obtained from free dislocation densities, subgrain sizes and recrystallized grain sizes all of which are functions only of stress. Using the last of these techniques, we have estimated stress profiles as a function of depth from xenoliths in basalts and kimberlites, whose depths of equilibration were determined by pyroxene techniques, from four different areas of subcontinental and suboceanic upper mantle. The results are similar and indicate stress differences of about 200 to 300 bars at 40 to 50 km, decaying to a few tens of bars at depths betow 100 km. These stresses are reasonable and are in accord with extrapolations of the mechanical data provided that allowance is made for a general increase in strain rate and decrease in viscosity with depth.     

层次分析法在彩票抽奖方案选择中的应用

采用层次分析法对29种彩票抽奖方案进行排序,较为科学地解决了比较多种方案优劣程度的问题,得到了彩票抽奖方案选择问题的优化解.     

Spatial pattern of rural settlements in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River

A quantitative analysis of the spatial pattern of rural settlements in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River was made with the major data sources being the relevant ETM image and the national geographical database of China (including contour line, river and road) at the scale of 1:250 000, and using image interpretation and field investigation to obtain spatial information on rural settlements. The results of the spatial analysis technique of GIS and correlation analysis showed that most settlements (78.2 %) were located in the mountain area at 1500 ∼ 2700 m altitude, and almost half in the arid valley area. More than 80.0 % of settlements had their slopes above 15°. Most settlements had good access to water resources, roads and communications, and tended to cluster close to the road network rather than the river. About half of the rural settlements in the study area were relatively concentrated, while the others were decentralized. Those with higher altitude usually had land with steep slope, inconvenient water and road accesses, and were located far apart from each other. In view of such a situation, further research should be done to make reasonable countermeasures on these settlements for better living conditions and ecosystem stability.     

辽西火山岩型金矿地质特征及成因讨论

辽西火山岩型金矿分布在中生代陆相火山盆地边缘活动带内,受辽西弧形构造带控制,为火山期后热液矿床,可初步划分为3种成因类型:次火山(斑岩)热液型(二道沟式),火山—次火山热液型(红石砬子式)和爆发角砾岩型(水泉式),成矿作用与中酸性火山—次火山岩关系密切,成矿时代为燕山期(90—110Ma)。稳定同位素研究结果表明,含矿热液为富含挥发组份和多金属成矿元素的富金水溶液,来源于地壳深部或上地幔,即高温热卤水对镁铁质、超镁铁质岩石长期侵蚀、淋滤和溶解,获取大量的金属成矿元素,在不透水层之下形成深部液态矿源层。     

论船舶物权变动登记之公信力

船舶物权变动采用登记公示方式,登记应当具有公信力,登记公信力制度的确立旨在保护第三人之利益。登记是制度创设,应该承认船舶登记的公信力以满足该制度之宗旨。船舶登记的对抗效力不影响登记公信力的存在,但该登记的公信力受到限制。