福建政和铁山铅锌矿床地质特征及成因

福建省政和县铁山铅锌矿床位于闽东中一新生代火山活动带。大地构造上处于建瓯一遂昌上古台拱与浙闽粤沿海断陷交接处。矿体产于晚震旦世一早古生代稻香组与铁山混染正长岩及燕山晚期枫林黑云母花岗岩接触带以及接触带围岩一侧的顺层裂隙之中。矿体与接触带产状基本一致,主要受地层产状及接触带控制。矿体呈似层状、透镜状,部分呈脉状。矿石品位较高,以铅锌矿石为主,次为黄铜铅锌矿石和铅锌磁铁矿石。矿床物质来源于地层、岩体特别是沉积岩中的火山质夹层。矿床成因类型为层控矽卡岩型。     

Palaeotopography of the northern portion of the Telychian (Silurian) turbidite basin in central Wales

New palaeocurrent data from the country northeast and southwest of Corris (central Wales) indicate that Telychian sandstones in the Devil's Bridge Formation hereabouts were transported from both the northeast and northwest, consistent with topographical control by down‐to‐southeast movement on the Bala Lineament. This conclusion is supported by considerations of thickness variation and by evidence for listric detachment faulting in the formation at Bwlch y Groes. Towards Plynlimon, flow is broadly southerly and suggests confinement by the northward extension of the Bronnant Fault. A facies and palaeocurrent map is presented for the utilis sub‐Biozone of the Telychian which links with work by the British Geological Survey between Aberyswyth and Rhayader where, by contrast, palaeoflow is to the NNW. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

First record of contourites from Lower Devonian Liptrap Formation in southeast Australia

Typical contourite deposits associated with submarine turbidite fan deposits are recognized for the first time from the Lower Devonian Liptrap Formation at Cape Liatrap, Victoria in southeast Australia. The contourites are well integrated within the turbidite fan deposits and are characterized by thin (5-8 cm), lenticular, well-sorted coarse-grained siltstones to fine-grained sandstones with current-ripples and cross beddings. The palaeocurrent directions of the turbidite fan and contourites are perpendicular to each other, with the former directed generally westward while the latter varying from 165° to 190° southward. In view of the facies types and architecture, we suggest that the turbidite fan was developed at the base of a westward inclined palaeo-slope, at the front of which the contourites were deposited as a result of southward flowing deep-sea contour (geostrophic) currents. The depositional setting inter- preted for the Liptrap Formation thus may provide a provisional model for the Lower Devonian conti- nental slope and abyssal basin environment in the southeastern part of the Melbourne Trough.     

Diagenetic fluids evolution and genetic mechanism of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin,China

The reservoirs of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin have the characteristics of low compositional maturity, low contents of cements and medium textural maturity. The general physical properties of the reservoirs are poor, with low porosity and low permeability, and there are only a few reservoirs with medium porosity and low permeability in local areas. Based on the diagenetic mineral association, a diagenetic sequence of cements is established: early calcites (or micrite siderites) →first quartz overgrowth→chlorite coatings→dissolution of feldspars and debris→chlorite linings→ second quartz overgrowth (quartz widen or filled in remain intergranular pores and solution pores)→dissolution→third quartz overgrowth (quartz filled in intergranular and intragranular solution pores)→intergrowth (ferro) calcites→dolomites→ferro (calcites) dolomites→later dissolution→veins of quartz and calcites formation. Mechanical compaction is the main factor in making the reservoirs tight in the basin, followed by the second and third quartz overgrowth. In a long-term closed system, only feld-spars and some lithic fragments are dissolved by diagenetic fluids, while intergranular cements such as quartz and calcit are not dissolved and thus have little influence on the porosity of the Xujiahe Formation. This is the third factor that may have kept the sandstones of Xujiahe Formation tight finally. The hydrocarbon was extensively generated from organic materials after the second quartz overgrowth, and selectively entered favorable reservoirs to form tight sandstone gas reservoirs.     

Radiolaria‐dated Lower Permian clastic‐rock sequence in the Fukuji area of the Hida‐gaien terrane,central Japan,and its inter‐terrane correlation across Southwest Japan

The stratigraphy and radiolarian age of the Mizuyagadani Formation in the Fukuji area of the Hida‐gaien terrane, central Japan, represent those of Lower Permian clastic‐rock sequences of the Paleozoic non‐accretionary‐wedge terranes of Southwest Japan that formed in island arc–forearc/back‐arc basin settings. The Mizuyagadani Formation consists of calcareous clastic rocks, felsic tuff, tuffaceous sandstone, tuffaceous mudstone, sandstone, mudstone, conglomerate, and lenticular limestone. Two distinctive radiolarian faunas that are newly reported from the Lower Member correspond to the zonal faunas of the Pseudoalbaillella u‐forma morphotype I assemblage zone to the Pseudoalbaillella lomentaria range zone (Asselian to Sakmarian) and the Albaillella sinuata range zone (Kungurian). In spite of a previous interpretation that the Mizuyagadani Formation is of late Middle Permian age, it consists of Asselian to Kungurian tuffaceous clastic strata in its lower part and is conformably overlain by the Middle Permian Sorayama Formation. An inter‐terrane correlation of the Mizuyagadani Formation with Lower Permian tuffaceous clastic strata in the Kurosegawa terrane and the Nagato tectonic zone of Southwest Japan indicates the presence of an extensive Early Permian magmatic arc(s) that involved almost all of the Paleozoic non‐accretionary‐wedge terranes in Japan. These new biostratigraphic data provide the key to understanding the original relationships among highly disrupted Paleozoic terranes in Japan and northeast Asia.     

Early Cretaceous paleogeography of Korea and Southwest Japan inferred from occurrence of detrital chromian spinels

The Sindong Group was deposited in the north–south trending half‐graben Nakdong Trough, southern Korean peninsula. The occurrence of detrital chromian spinels from the Jinju Formation of the Sindong Group in the Gyeongsang Basin means that the mafic to ultramafic rocks were exposed in its provenance. The chromian spinels from the Jinju Formation are characterized by extremely low TiO₂ and Fe³⁺. Moreover, their range of Cr# is from 0.45 to 0.80 and makes a single trend with Mg#. The chemistry of chromian spinels implies that the source rocks for chromian spinels were peridotites or serpentinites, which originated in the mantle wedge. To more narrowly constrain their source rocks, the Ulsan and Andong serpentinites exposed in the Gyeongsang Basin were examined petrographically. Chromian spinels in the Andong serpentinite differ from those of the Jinju Formation and those in the Ulsan serpentinite partly resemble them. Furthermore, the Jinju chromian spinel suite is similar to the detrital chromian spinels from the Mesozoic sediments in the Circum‐Hida Tectonic zone, which includes the Nagato Tectonic zone in Southwest Japan and the Joetsu Belt in Northeast Japan. This suggests that the basement rocks, which were located along the main fault bounding the eastern edge of the Nakdong Trough, had exposures of peridotite or serpentinite. It is possible that the Nakdong Trough was directly adjacent to the Circum‐Hida Tectonic zone before the opening of the Sea of Japan (East Sea).     

川东三叠系飞仙关组碳酸盐岩的阴极发光特征与成岩作用

四川盆地东部三叠系飞仙关组是近年来我国发现的重要天然气储层, 高孔隙度、高渗透率的碳酸盐储层都分布于白云岩地层中, 因而碳酸盐的成岩作用, 尤其是白云岩化作用和白云岩的成因为石油地质学家和沉积学家高度关注.对四川盆地东部罗家寨构造三叠系飞仙关组42个碳酸盐岩样品进行了阴极发光分析, 结合与之有关的Mn、Fe、Mg元素分析和岩石学研究, 讨论了包括白云岩化作用在内的碳酸盐岩成岩过程中可能的成岩流体性质及来源.四川盆地东部三叠系飞仙关组碳酸盐岩普遍具有很弱的阴极发光性, 这与其很低的Mn、Fe含量有关, 说明沉积期后非海相流体对飞仙关组碳酸盐岩的影响非常有限, 海源流体在成岩过程中发挥了主导作用; 不同石灰岩类型和不同白云岩类型仍然具有不同的阴极发光性, 成岩组分含量越高的碳酸盐岩, 或者说与沉积期后流体(主要是孔隙流体) 关系越密切的碳酸盐岩的阴极发光强度越低, 说明随着埋藏成岩作用的进行, 四川盆地东部三叠系碳酸盐岩孔隙流体受海源流体的影响是逐渐增强的; 阴极发光分析结果表明, 作为四川盆地东部主要储集岩的结晶白云岩形成机制与埋藏过程中的深循环流体有关, 这种深循环流体没有或很少穿越铝硅酸盐地层, 但穿越了三叠系内部的某些海相地层, 这些海相地层可能是广泛存在于四川盆地三叠系的蒸发盐地层, 由蒸发盐成岩过程提供的海源流体参与了结晶白云岩的白云岩化作用.      

川东北飞仙关组鲕滩气藏天然气运聚效率

设计进行了封闭体系下原油裂解成气的模拟实验, 建立并标定了原油裂解成气及其碳同位素分馏的化学动力学模型, 以罗家寨气田罗家7井为例分别进行了地质应用.生烃动力学研究发现, 飞仙关组古油藏具备“高效气源灶”的特点, 原油在中晚侏罗世172~151Ma约20Ma时期内裂解殆尽, 且原油裂解气的生成与其运聚成藏作用具有良好的时空匹配关系, 由此可促成飞仙关组气藏天然气的高效运聚.碳同位素分馏动力学研究证实甲烷成藏参与率达87%.利用生烃动力学与碳同位素分馏动力学结合的方法对天然气的运聚效率进行探讨是一个新的有效途径.      

苏北盆地东部凹陷上白垩统泰州组沉积相*

苏北盆地是在晚白垩世发育起来的箕状断陷盆地。上白垩统泰州组（K₂t）为东部凹陷发育初期形成的一套碎屑岩沉积地层,自下而上总体构成由粗到细的沉积旋回。通过对区内52口探井的录井、测井和岩心资料综合分析,认为泰州组主要发育辫状河三角洲、曲流河三角洲及湖泊相3种沉积相类型,在此基础上又进一步识别出7种亚相和12种微相。泰州组分为两段,泰州组一段沉积早、中期为辫状河三角洲沉积,晚期转变为(曲流河)三角洲沉积;泰州组二段早期为深湖—半深湖沉积,中晚期为浅湖亚相。伴随湖平面的反复升降,表现出明显的多旋回性。研究区泰州组一段表现为典型的退积型三角洲沉积。通过进一步研究泰州组一段各沉积时期沉积相的平面分布及演变特征,指出在梁垛—安丰—李堡一带沉积砂体发育,是油气储集层发育的有利地区。     

华北燕山带东部三叠纪和侏罗纪大地构造演化：来自备受争议的邓杖子组及相邻地层的线索

位于辽西凌源市南部的牛营子-邓杖子地区侏罗系地质问题多年来困扰着地质学家。争论最多的构造形迹是一套平面上呈狭长矩形,以断层为界的近直立中元古界常州沟组石英岩,及局部长城系顶部地层。这套地层绵延35 km,呈北北东展布。其西界为近直立的大齐子断层（新命名断层）和大部分向东倒转的陡倾下侏罗统邓杖子组;东界为近直立的朱杖子断层（新命名断层）和西倾的中侏罗统郭家店组。前人的构造解释倾向于大齐子断层为邓杖子组一侧下降的陡倾正断层,朱杖子断层为郭家店组一侧下降的陡倾逆断层。文中不同意这样的解释,并发现有证据表明上述两个断层都形成于之前尚未识别出的侏罗纪构造事件时期。将大齐子断层解释为早侏罗世晚期-中侏罗世早期形成的一条向西逆冲的断层,沿着它使长城系推覆于邓杖子组之上,然后,该逆冲断层上、下盘地层共同卷入后期褶皱变形当中。朱杖子断层原本为正断层,形成于原来未识别出的中侏罗世伸展变形阶段,并构成了郭家店半地堑边界断层。朱杖子断层沿着向东倾斜的常州沟组石英岩与串岭沟组页岩的界面发育。随着断层的发育,位于常州沟组石英岩之上的串岭沟组及长城系上部地层发生拆离沉降并被埋藏在半地堑之下。随后,发生在中侏罗世晚期或晚侏罗世早期收缩构造变形,改造了邓杖子-常州沟-郭家店组构造组合的几何形态。本期改造导致以下结果：（1）朱杖子正断层发生反转成为逆断层;（2）蓟县系沿着杨杖子-瓦房店逆冲断层向东掩覆于断层围限的长城系地层及相邻侏罗系之上。同时,邓杖子组倾角加大并向东倒转。研究表明,辽西地区的侏罗纪构造演化过程远比原先所认为的要复杂。