Approximate analysis for relative motion of satellite formation flying in elliptical orbits

This paper studies the relative motion of satellite formation flying in arbitrary elliptical orbits with no perturbation. The trajectories of the leader and follower satellites are projected onto the celestial sphere. These two projections and celestial equator intersect each other to form a spherical triangle, in which the vertex angles and arc-distances are used to describe the relative motion equations. This method is entitled the reference orbital element approach. Here the dimensionless distance is defined as the ratio of the maximal distance between the leader and follower satellites to the semi-major axis of the leader satellite. In close formations, this dimensionless distance, as well as some vertex angles and arc-distances of this spherical triangle, and the orbital element differences are small quantities. A series of order-of-magnitude analyses about these quantities are conducted. Consequently, the relative motion equations are approximated by expansions truncated to the second order, i.e. square of the dimensionless distance. In order to study the problem of periodicity of relative motion, the semi-major axis of the follower is expanded as Taylor series around that of the leader, by regarding relative position and velocity as small quantities. Using this expansion, it is proved that the periodicity condition derived from Lawden’s equations is equivalent to the condition that the Taylor series of order one is zero. The first-order relative motion equations, simplified from the second-order ones, possess the same forms as the periodic solutions of Lawden’s equations. It is presented that the latter are further first-order approximations to the former; and moreover, compared with the latter more suitable to research spacecraft rendezvous and docking, the former are more suitable to research relative orbit configurations. The first-order relative motion equations are expanded as trigonometric series with eccentric anomaly as the angle variable. Except the terms of order one, the trigonometric series’ amplitudes are geometric series, and corresponding phases are constant both in the radial and in-track directions. When the trajectory of the in-plane relative motion is similar to an ellipse, a method to seek this ellipse is presented. The advantage of this method is shown by an example.     

西准噶尔玛依拉山组志留纪玄武岩的地球化学特征及构造意义

西准噶尔地区中-上志留统玛依拉山组主要分布于玛依拉山一带,以玛依勒蛇绿岩的围岩产出,两者为断层接触,主要组成为灰绿-暗灰绿色凝灰质粉-细砂岩,砂岩和砂砾岩组合,夹硅质岩和玄武岩。对玄武岩进行详细的岩石地球化学研究表明,SiO2含量中等(47.1%～53.92%),高Fe2O3T(12.54%～17.82%)、Al2O3(13.3%～15.7%)、Na2O(3.84%～8.02%),低TiO2(0.45%～1.48%)、MgO(3.28%～5.77%,Mg#=27.01～41.96)、K2O(0.36%～0.7%),全碱K2O+Na2O含量为4.4%～8.39%,属于亚碱性拉斑玄武岩系列。稀土元素总量较低(∑REE=27.16×10-6～54.41×10-6),轻、重稀土分馏较为明显((La/Yb)N=1.53～2.74),无明显Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.96～1.16),稀土配分模式类似于E-MORB。相对富集LILE(如Rb、Ba、Th和K),亏损HFSE(如Zr、Ti),明显的Nb和Ta负异常,具有岛弧玄武岩的地球化学特征。综合研究认为玛依拉山组玄武岩形成于俯冲带上的弧后盆地环境,与玛依拉山蛇绿岩的形成环境不同,其岩浆来源于尖晶石二辉橄榄岩2%～10%的部分熔融,并有少量俯冲流体的参与。结合前人研究资料,认为西准噶尔在志留纪-石炭纪处在洋内弧演化阶段。     

The ammonite faunas of the Osmington Oolite Formation (Jurassic, Middle Oxfordian) of the Dorset coast

A detailed study of the lithologies of each of the beds present in the Osmington Oolite Formation of south Dorset is used to allocate numerous loose-collected ammonites to their correct stratigraphic horizons. Much new material has been collected by the author in addition to the limited amount of material available in museum collections. The age of the faunas of the three constituent members of the Osmington Oolite Formation is each assessed and placed into the context of Middle Oxfordian ammonite sequences elsewhere in England and in Europe.     

鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起的地质结构与成因机制

克拉通盆地内古隆起是了解板内变形机制的重要窗口,也是油气、煤、盐、铀等矿产勘查的主要对象,一直是盆地分析的热点领域。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起为例,利用新的高精度反射地震剖面与深探井资料,解剖古隆起的地质结构,刻画构造演化过程,探讨其形成机制。研究表明,鄂尔多斯盆地古生代隆起带发育在华北克拉通地块中西部,自伊盟—杭锦旗、乌审旗—定边,南延至镇原—正宁一带,呈“工”字形,面积达7.5×104 km2以上;伊盟凸起为基底隆起,镇原隆起为多阶段、间隙性发育的剥蚀与沉积型隆起,定边凸起为沉积型隆起。它是基底分异构造格局与周缘板块构造事件共同控制的产物,为在中元古代裂陷基础上早古生代被动大陆边缘背景下发育演化的古隆起;古生代早期,邻接周缘洋盆表现为台缘隆起;石炭纪晚期—二叠纪早期,因差异升降而具陆缘隆起性质;印支晚期—燕山期以来,隐伏于天环坳陷之下埋藏沉没。鄂尔多斯盆地中央隆起带为多机制复合成因,伊盟凸起为基底强烈伸展、长期剥露剥蚀型隆起;镇原凸起为西缘断阶迁移、南缘前缘隆起叠加的复合隆起;定边凸起为断阶迁移、挤压叠加的继承性隆起。鄂尔多斯盆地中央隆起带对盆地内部的构造—沉积分异施加了重要影响,其两翼斜坡带是油气聚集的有利区带。     

青藏高原羌塘中部果干加年山上三叠统望湖岭组的建立及意义

在果干加年山的主脊及其以北识别出一套稳定的沉积岩系,角度不整合于蛇绿混杂岩之上,以细砂岩、硅质粉砂岩为主,其中夹有大小不等的古生代外来岩块,底砾岩成分因地而异并具有快速堆积的特点,底部夹有流纹岩。厚度大于1633m。流纹岩夹层获得的锆石SHRIMPU-Pb谐和年龄为214Ma±4Ma,时代为晚三叠世诺利期。在剖面测制和区域对比的基础上建立了上三叠统望湖岭组,代表龙木错-双湖缝合带闭合以后接受的最早的沉积盖层。望湖岭组之下的蛇绿混杂岩获得阳起石Ar-Ar年龄219.7Ma±6.5Ma。同位素定年确定构造转化事件发生在214～220Ma之间,为龙木错-双湖缝合带的闭合时间提供了确切的时间约束,望湖岭组是这一事件的沉积记录,是龙木错-双湖缝合带蛇绿混杂岩之上首次发现的沉积盖层。     

Formation Pressure Evaluation Method for Single Well

The paper deals with the methods of formation pressure evaluation for a single well by using the very common ac-cepted parameters, such as drilling exponent , and flowline temperature , etc. which is part of compiling the end well report.     

松科二井邻域沙河子组含油气地层结构特征——基于测井和地震数据的分析

松辽盆地大陆深部科学钻探工程"松科二井"获得了最完整的沙河子组地层岩心,初步识别出深部页岩气气测异常43层,累计厚度102 m,显示出沙河子组地层具有良好的深部能源前景。为进一步分析松辽盆地沙河子组地层油气资源潜力,本文在前人研究的基础上,结合松科二井测井、岩心数据和地震数据,分析松科二井邻域沙河子组地层的层序特征和空间展布,同时以随钻录井记录到的气测异常为出发点,分析沙河子组地层的测井和地震响应。结果显示:松科二井邻域沙河子组地层具有厚度大、横向延续小的地层展布特点,根据测井、岩心及地震数据,将沙河子组地层分为4个三级层序:SQ1、SQ2、SQ3和SQ4,其中顶部SQ4层序具有较好的油气前景,其岩性以泥岩为主,并具有相对较高孔隙度、低波阻抗的测井曲线特征,在地震剖面上表现为连续强振幅,阻抗反演剖面上存在局部低波阻抗特征,揭示了该区沙河子组深层天然气资源的赋存条件。     

红层“哑地层”划分对比方法——以东营凹陷南坡始新统为例

针对红层划分对比所面临的难题,在充分吸收前人研究成果的基础上,将现有的多种分层方法相互整合,彼此约束和印证,形成了一套科学、便捷的技术方法,即"接触关系明顶底、岩电特征找界面、多元融合定方案、地震约束建格架"的综合地层划分对比技术。该方法针对红层的特殊性,根据岩电特征对干旱气候的响应变化,充分利用了测、录井资料纵向上的连续性优势(避免了取样分析的局限),以及地震资料横向上的优势,有效地解决了红层纵向划分、横向对比的难题,在济阳坳陷东营凹陷南坡始新统沙河街组、孔店组的应用取得了良好效果。该方法可为其它地区同类复杂地层划分对比提供技术支持。     

辽南晚前寒武纪地层中的宏体化石之地层意义的探讨

辽南地区晚前寒武纪地层中多层位宏体化石的发现,使序列更完善。根据化石生物机体的复杂程度,可列入前冰期的辽南系,它介于震旦系和青白口系之间。其南关岭组的宏体化石组合类似淮南地区的九里桥组,提高了两区的晚前寒武纪地层的对比度。复州湾沙山村赵家坎子剖面再次证明大连市南、北部晚前寒武纪地史发育的一致性及原区调队等单位对地层叠接的正确性。     

山东济南和新泰馒头组中浊积岩和滑塌堆积的基本特征及其大地构造意义

馒头组是华北地台盖层的重要组成之一,以陆源细碎屑岩为主夹碳酸盐岩。前人研究认为馒头组是滨海沼泽相、潮坪—泻湖相和沿岸滩坝相沉积组合。我们首次在济南和新泰地区馒头组中发现浊积岩和滑塌堆积组合,表明华北地台早寒武世沉积组合形成于深海半深海浅海中,曾存在古斜坡和构造隆升作用。详细研究浊积岩和滑塌堆积的基本地质特征,不仅对于进一步认识华北地台古生代古地貌特征以及古潜山的形成和演化具有重要意义,而且可为渤海湾盆地中古潜山成因以及潜山油气资源勘探提供借鉴。