西藏盐湖地区闪长玢岩锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄及岩石成因

西藏盐湖地区的闪长玢岩体位于班公湖-怒江缝合带西段,其岩石的矿物组合为斜长石(45%~55%)、钾长石(20%~25%)、角闪石(10%~15%)、石英(5%~10%)和黑云母(5%)。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年显示,该岩体的形成年龄介于117.6~121.3Ma,即早白垩世。岩石化学研究表明,盐湖地区的闪长玢岩具有I型花岗岩类的地球化学特征,其形成的构造背景为岛弧大陆挤压碰撞造山环境(IAG)。该闪长玢岩体的成因可能与向南俯冲的班公湖-怒江洋壳俯冲板片的断离导致的软流圈物质上涌和地壳重熔有关,即由下地壳基性岩类的部分熔融所形成。     

新疆东部-甘肃北山地区二叠纪玄武岩对比研究及其构造意义

通过对新疆东部三塘湖盆地、甘肃北山柳园地区以及邻区二叠纪玄武岩的地球化学特征对比研究，认识到新疆东部-甘肃北山地区及邻区二叠纪形成的系列断陷带内，同期产生的玄武岩具有不同的地球化学特征和岩浆来源，其形成的统一动力学机制主要是可能由于造山带增厚的岩石圈大范围拆沉而导致的大范围亏损地幔部分熔融岩浆和源自上、下地幔边界的小型地幔柱岩浆的作用。这种地幔柱不是核幔边界深部地幔柱的成因，而可能是早期俯冲洋壳的分离掉落后，中亚造山带范围内可能在上、下地幔之间存在更广泛的部分熔融岩浆的原因。由造山带增厚岩石圈大范围拆沉作用而导致的大范围亏损地幔部分熔融岩浆和源自上、下地幔边界的小型地幔柱岩浆的作用，可能是中亚造山带二叠纪深部壳幔作用最壮观的表现方式。同时也以大范围玄武岩喷发、裂谷、大规模后造山幔源花岗岩和超镁铁岩的侵位以及大规模成矿作用而成为独特的“中亚型造山带”而有别于其它造山带。     

滇东南富宁地区基性侵入岩及喷出岩时代

在滇东南富宁地区基性侵入岩、喷出岩较发育,前人将其划分为"半瓦型"侵入岩、"安定型"侵入岩和"龙康型"喷出岩3类,3类岩石普遍缺乏可靠的同位素年代学资料。在对富宁地区基性侵入岩、喷出岩进行区域地质调查的基础上,应用LAICP-MS技术对其进行锆石U-Pb测年,在半瓦型侵入岩和安定型侵入岩中分别获得了254.0±2.0Ma和244.2±4.4Ma的加权平均年龄,在龙康型喷出岩中获得251.9±3.0Ma和255.92±0.72Ma加权平均年龄。结合野外调查和综合研究,将富宁地区"安定型"侵入岩的时代界定于中三叠世,将"半瓦型"侵入岩和"龙康型"喷出岩的时代界定于晚二叠世。     

穿越采空区氮气钻井工艺应用研究

以寺河矿区穿越采空区氮气钻井试验为背景,通过分析煤层取心测试数据,指出钻井穿越3号煤层采空区抽采9+15号煤层瓦斯的必要性。利用“三带”理论明确了3号煤层采空区顶板以上74.4 m及底板以下22.73 m为钻井漏失带,采用氮气钻井穿越该层段有助于安全高效施工;优化了穿越采空区氮气钻井的三开井身结构;根据穿越采空区氮气钻井工艺需要,配套设计了地面钻井工艺流程。氮气钻井工艺在寺河矿区试验的成功,证明该工艺的可行性,对穿越采空区钻井技术的研究和推广应用具有重要的指导意义。     

阿尔泰南缘东段变形岩石磁组构分析

磁组构是指岩石磁化率的各向异性,磁组构方法已经被广泛应用于构造变形分析。阿尔泰南缘东段地区岩石磁组构特征是磁各向异性度P值大,反映本区总体韧性剪切变形强烈。萨尔布拉克—科克萨依脆性劈理化带和玛因鄂博韧性剪压构造带的E>0占优势,磁面理发育,部分样品磁线理发育,反映变形以压扁变形为主,主压应力方向为NE(NEE)向,伴随弱的左行剪切;达拉维孜—阿热勒托别韧性流变构造带和锡泊渡—富蕴深层次变晶糜棱岩带E>0和E<0均存在,磁面理和磁线理均发育,反映以剪切变形为主;其中达拉维孜—阿热勒托别构造带主压应力方向为NE(NEE)向,为左行剪切,而锡泊渡—富蕴构造带主压应力方向为SN向,为右行剪切。在达拉维孜—阿热勒托别构造带中的哈腊苏铜矿和卡拉先格尔—老山口一带一些叠加蚀变矿化的强变形岩石的P值明显减小,说明在韧性变形之后发生过矿化热液作用导致磁化率各向异性发生了均一化。结合区域构造分析,可以认为萨尔布拉克—科克萨依构造带、达拉维孜—阿热勒托别构造带和玛因鄂博构造带构成一个完整的板块碰撞聚合带,而锡泊渡—富蕴构造带可能为在古生代期间被强烈改造的具有前震旦纪结晶基底的微大陆的残留(或断片)。     

资源环境承载能力预警城市化地区专项评价——以京津冀地区为例

资源环境承载能力预警评价中,除基础评价外,还需针对城市化地区存在的特殊问题开展专项评价。但现有相关研究大多较为复杂、难以操作,且较少考虑目前中国城市化地区之间存在的发展水平差异,难以满足实际应用需求。本文根据近年来中国城市化地区资源环境凸显的主要问题,从城市人居环境入手,选取城市黑臭水体和PM2.5超标天数2个要素设计城市水气环境黑灰指数,作为城市化地区专项评价的主要指标;同时考虑到优化开发区域和重点开发区域的主体功能导向差异,以京津冀城市化地区为例开展试评价分析,结果显示：京津冀城市化地区的104个区县中,47个区县为重警,46个中警,仅11个为轻警,整体形势不容乐观。其中,重警区县主要集中在京广高铁沿线,与地区主要交通线路分布及钢铁工业聚集格局一致;轻警区县主要分布在北部的张承地区及东部沿海,工业相对较少,且地理位置有利于污染物迅速扩散。城市化地区专项评价作为基础评价的补充,能更清晰地反映现阶段影响城市人居环境的主要制约因子以及不同发展水平地区间的差异,评价结果可为城市化地区开展国土空间规划、城镇发展战略研究和产业结构调整等提供科学依据。     

Sources and distribution of organic matter in a river-dominated estuary (Winyah Bay, SC, USA)

The sources and distribution of organic matter (OM) in surface waters and sediments from Winyah Bay (South Carolina, USA) were investigated using a variety of analytical techniques, including elemental, stable isotope and organic biomarker analyses. Several locations along the estuary salinity gradient were sampled during four different periods of contrasting river discharge and tidal range. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of surface waters ranged from 7 mg l⁻¹ in the lower bay stations closest to the ocean to 20 mg l⁻¹ in the river and upper bay samples. There was a general linear relationship between DOC concentrations and salinity in three of the four sampling periods. In contrast, particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations were significantly lower (0.1–3 mg l⁻¹) and showed no relationship with salinity. The high molecular weight dissolved OM (HMW DOM) isolated from selected water samples collected along the bay displayed atomic carbon:nitrogen ratios ([C/N]a) and stable carbon isotopic compositions of organic carbon (δ¹³C_OC) that ranged from 10 to 30 and from −28 to −25‰, respectively. Combined, such compositions indicate that in most HMW DOM samples, the majority of the OM originates from terrigenous sources, with smaller contributions from riverine and estuarine phytoplankton. In contrast, the [C/N]a ratios of particulate OM (POM) samples varied significantly among the collection periods, ranging from low values of 5 to high values of >20. Overall, the trends in [C/N]a ratios indicated that algal sources of POM were most important during the early and late summer, whereas terrigenous sources dominated in the winter and early spring.In Winyah Bay bottom sediments, the concentrations of the mineral-associated OM were positively correlated with sediment surface area. The [C/N]a ratios and δ¹³C_OC compositions of the bulk sedimentary OM ranged from 5 to 45 and from −28 to −23‰, respectively. These compositions were consistent with predominant contributions of terrigenous sources and lesser (but significant) inputs of freshwater, estuarine and marine phytoplankton. The highest terrigenous contents were found in sediments from the river and upper bay sites, with smaller contributions to the lower parts of the estuary. The yields of lignin-derived CuO oxidation products from Winyah Bay sediments indicated that the terrigenous OM in these samples was composed of variable mixtures of relatively fresh vascular plant detritus and moderately altered soil OM. Based on the lignin phenol compositions, most of this material appeared to be derived from angiosperm and gymnosperm vascular plant sources similar to those found in the upland coastal forests in this region. A few samples displayed lignin compositions that suggested a more significant contribution from marsh C₃ grasses. However, there was no evidence of inputs of Spartina alterniflora (a C₄ grass) remains from the salt marshes that surround the lower sections of Winyah Bay.     

Integration of ASTER and landsat TM remote sensing data for chromite prospecting and lithological mapping in Neyriz ophiolite zone,south Iran

Chromite deposits in Iran are located in the ophiolite complexes, which have mostly podiform types and irregular in their settings. Exploration for podiform chromite deposits associated with ophiolite complexes has been a challenge for the prospectors due to tectonic disturbance and their distribution patterns. Most of Iranian ophiolitic zones are located in mountainous and inaccessible regions. Remote sensing approach could be applicable tool for choromite prospecting in Iranian ophiolitic zones with intensely rugged topography, where systematic sampling and conventional geological mapping are limited. In this study, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite data were used for chromite prospecting and lithological mapping in the Neyriz ophiolitic zone in the south of Iran. Image transformation techniques, namely decorrelation stretch, band ratio and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to Landsat TM and ASTER data sets for lithological mapping at regional scale. The RGB decorrelated image of Landsat TM spectral bands 7, 5, and 4, and the principal components PC1, PC2 and PC3 image of ASTER SWIR spectral bands efficiently showed the occurrence of major lithological units in the study area at regional scale. The band ratios of 5/3, 5/1, 7/5 applied on ASTER VNIR‐SWIR bands were very useful for discriminating most of rock units in the study area and delineation of the transition zone and mantle harzburgite in the Neyriz ophiolitic complex. Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) technique was implemented to ASTER VNIR‐SWIR spectral bands for detecting minerals of rock units and especially delineation of the transition zone and mantle harzburgite as potential zones with high chromite mineralization in the Neyriz ophiolitic complex. The integration of information extracted from the image processing algorithms used in this study mapped most of lithological units of the Neyriz ophiolitic complex and identified potential areas of high chromite mineralization (transition zone and mantle harzburgite) for chromite prospecting targets in the future. Furthermore, image processing results were verified by comprehensive fieldwork and laboratory analysis in the study area. Accordingly, result of this investigation indicate that the integration of information extracted from the image processing algorithms using Landsat TM and ASTER data sets could be broadly applicable tool for chromite prospecting and lithological mapping in mountainous and inaccessible regions such Iranian ophiolitic zones.     

赣东北枣林碧玄岩地球化学特征及成因

在中国东部赣东北朱溪矿集区枣林地段发现两条新生代碧玄岩岩脉。地球化学研究表明该碧玄岩具有低SiO2(41.08%~42.94%),高Mg#(0.61~0.65),高TiO2(2.19%~2.43%),高Na2O+K2O(4.95%~6.30%)的特点。∑REE为299.16×10-6~375.00×10-6,LREE/HREE比值为5.45~6.71,表明轻稀土富集,δEu为0.88~0.94,具微弱Eu负异常。微量元素特征表现出较高Ni、Cr、Sc含量,蛛网图显示明显富集Nb、Ta、Th、Zr等元素,亏损Ba、Ti、K、P等。主量元素相关图解和不相容元素比值显示岩石在演化过程中未遭受地壳混染。综合分析岩石微量元素数据及相关图解,文章认为由于太平洋板块俯冲,导致软流圈地幔携带碳酸盐熔体上涌与岩石圈地幔相互作用,使得0.2%~0.5%石榴石相二辉橄榄岩与0.5%~1%尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩发生部分熔融,生成碧玄岩原始岩浆。     

西宁市区土层剪切波速随深度变化特征

通过对西宁市区67个钻孔剪切波速资料整理,采用最小二乘法进行统计回归分析,得到西宁市土层剪切波速Vs随土层埋深H的经验关系式,西宁市典型土类Vs与H的经验关系。并且通过实测剪切波速与预测剪切波速的对比,验证所得经验关系式的适用性。