多震相层析成像与在介质中的多波型射线跟踪

本文介绍了多震相的层析成像的思路和算法，通过穿透和反射走时可以同时作出２维和３维慢度（速度的倒数）重建。我们分析了在穿透和反射数据中确定速度和深度的不确定性，并认识到深度扰动对反射走时异常比慢度扰动更敏感。由不同波类型所提供的对速度和深度的约束，这个算法实际上减少了在一般反射层析成像在速度和深度之间的不确定性，并且也避免了在穿透层析成像中的不确定问题。线性化反演是通过从反射界面深度由分离速度参数迭代进行的。使用一个快速的２－Ｄ和３－Ｄ射线跟踪算法来计算穿透和反射走时和对幔度及反射界面深度的偏导数。深度和速度都用立方Ｂ样条函数来进行参数化。合成例子表明，当同时考虑穿透和反射时间，层析成像的结果得到改进。这个方法也应用到英国煤炭测量局（ＢｒｉｔｉｓｈＣｏａｌＭｅａｓｕｒｅｓ）沿跨线排列所记录的逆ＶＳＰ数据组。通过使用波形配合技术，用同时确定时间延迟和叠加权，可以自动拾取旅行时间。所观察到的逆ＶＳＰ层析成像可比周围介质具有较低速度的两个断层区域成像。断层的位置由附近的反射测线所确定。本文还讨论了在复杂２－Ｄ和３－Ｄ非均匀各向同性介质中地震射线跟踪方法。界面的几何形状和水平速度场都通过使用非均匀步长立方Ｂ－样条节点     

2.5-D seismic tomographic modelling of the crustal structure of north-western Spitsbergen based on deep seismic soundings

Deep seismic sounding measurements were performed in the continent-ocean transition zone of the northern Svalbard continental margin in 1985 and 1999. Data from seismic profile AWI-99200 and from additional crossing profiles were used to model the seismic crustal structure of the study area. Seismic energy (airgun and TNT shots) was recorded by land (onshore) seismic stations, ocean bottom seismometers (OBS), and hydrophone systems (OBH). 3-D tomographic inversion methods were applied to test the previous 2-D modelling results. The results are similar to the earlier 2-D modelling, supplemented by new off-line information. The continental crust thins to the west and north. A minimum depth of about 6 km to the Moho discontinuity was found east of the Molloy Deep. The continent-ocean transition zone to the east is characterized by a complex seismic velocity structure according to the 2-D model and consists of several different crustal blocks. The zone is covered by deep sedimentary basins. Sediment thicknesses reach a maximum of 5 km. The Moho interface deepens to 28 km depth beneath the continental crust of Svalbard.     

Prediction of magnetite segregation in dense medium cyclone using computational fluid dynamics technique

Multi-phase simulations of turbulent driven flow in a dense medium cyclone with magnetite medium have been conducted in Fluent, using the Algebraic Slip Mixture model to model the dispersed phases and the air-core, and both the Large Eddy Simulation turbulence model (LES) and Reynolds Stress Models (RSM) for turbulence closure. The predicted air-core shape and diameter were found to be close to the experimental results measured by gamma ray tomography. It is possible to use the LES turbulence model with ASM multi-phase model to predict the air/slurry interface accurately. Multi-phase simulations (air/water/medium) show appropriate medium segregation effects but over-predict the level of segregation compared to that measured by gamma ray tomography near the wall. This is believed to be because of unaccounted back-mixing of the dispersed phase due to turbulence in the basic Algebraic Slip Mixture model. The predictions of accurate axial segregation of magnetite medium are investigated using the LES turbulence model in conjunction with the multi-phase mixture model and viscosity corrections according to the feed particle loading factor. At higher feed densities the agreement between the Dunglison [Dunglison, M.E., 1999, A general model of the dense medium cylone, PhD thesis, JKMRC, University of Queensland] correlations and experimental measurements and the CFD is reasonably good, but the overflow density is lower than the model predictions. It is believed that the excessive underflow volumetric flow rates are responsible for under prediction of the overflow density. The effect of size distribution of the magnetite has been fully studied. As expected, the ultra-fine magnetite sizes (i.e. 2 and 7 microns) are distributed uniformly throughout the cyclone. As the size of magnetite increases, more segregation of magnetite occurs close to the wall.     

16排螺旋CT在颈动脉海绵窦瘘诊断中的应用

目的探讨16排螺旋CT血管造影(CTA)在诊断颈动脉海绵窦瘘中的应用价值。材料与方法分析18例颈动脉海绵窦瘘病例。对受检者行颅脑CT平扫及CTA检查,采用容积再现(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面重建(MPR)技术处理图像。结果18例均海绵窦扩大.动脉期眼上静脉显影并扩张,8例动脉期大脑中静脉显影并扩张。其中一例同时合并左侧大脑中动脉动脉瘤。结论16排螺旋CT血管造影对诊断颈内动脉海绵窦瘘有重要的应用价值。     

脊柱结核的CT诊断

目的 论述分析CT诊断脊柱的价值，提供相关资料和数据及方法。资料和方法 总结报告了52例经手术和临床资料证实的脊柱结核。结果 进行描述了其主要CT表现。结论： 对其骨破坏的分析及诊断价值作了分析和讨论。     

The use of neutrons and monochromatic X-rays for non-destructive testing in geological materials

In the paper we present our results for element sensitive high-energy X-ray tomography and high-speed thermal neutron tomography applied to geological samples. The tuneable monochromatic X-ray beam was used for element sensitive tomography of geological samples containing heavy elements using the K-edge dichromatic scanning technique. This type of NDT (non-destructive testing) allowed us to reveal the quantity and location of uranium, lead and mercury in Oklo samples (natural nuclear reactor) and Cinnabar stones. Fast 3-D thermal neutron imaging of dynamical processes was successfully tested at the high flux neutron tomography station of the ILL. The qualitative investigation of water repellents and consolidants applied on sandstones of Bray and limestones of Maastricht were the first samples to be studied with the new imaging technique.     

鼻咽癌放射治疗前后的CT表现对比分析

鼻咽癌是常见恶性肿瘤之一。为了提高对鼻咽癌放射治疗前后ＣＴ表现的认识与诊断,本文回顾性对比分析了有完整病史资料及病理结果,并经ＣＴ检查的鼻咽癌者８８例的放射治疗前后的ＣＴ表现,继而评价放射治疗对鼻咽癌的治疗效果,从而确定是临床治愈,好转或复发,给临床下一步治理提供可靠的依据。     

井间地震技术在松南油气开发中的初步应用研究

为了研究松南地区陆相砂泥岩薄互层储层岩石物性横向变化、微构造等对油气聚集的影响和探索利用高分辨率井间地震技术直接指示油气分布的可能性,开展了井间地震及地面小三维地震、VSP、测井等立体地震观测．使用了自行研制的井中炸药震源和常规地震记录仪器．采用层析成像方法、反射资料叠前偏移成像方法等对采集到的资料进行研究,得到了不同分辨率的地下构造和岩石物性信息,展示出不同方法技术在分辨薄储层能力上的差异．高分辨率的井间地震成果较好地实现了井间地层对比,查清了两井间储层横向变化和油气分布情况．层析速度与构造信息等的综合应用解释了两井油气产能差异的原因,建立了油气地质模型．所得成果显示出井间地震技术在油气开发中的潜力．     

电阻率层析成像的原理与初步应用

电阻率层析成像的基本原理是根据研究区域边界处的电压和电流值确定区域内部电阻率的分布,它同声波和电磁波层析成像的原理有着本质的不同。根据电阻率层析成像的数学原理,从积分变换、线性迭代反演和非线性迭代反演３种基本的反演途径系统地分析和归纳了当前几种主要的电阻率图像重建方法,并讨论了雅可比偏导数矩阵的求解。已开展的电阻率层析成像的野外观测试验,给出了实测的井间和地表两种观测系统的成像结果,分析了技术应用中的特点与限制     

CT在肝癌LP－TAE术后的应用价值（附30例）

作者对３０例原发性肝癌ＬＰ－ＴＡＥ治疗前后有ＣＴ检查的病例进行分析，讨论了碘油选择性沉积在肿瘤内的机理．ＬＰ－ＴＡＥ术后肿瘤区域四种成份的ＣＴ表现．碘油在肿瘤内的三种分布类型及其意义。重点讨论了肝癌ＬＰ－ＴＡＥ术后ＣＴ检查，可以从以下几方面对疗效观察提供帮助，即肿瘤大小变化、碘油聚积量及分布情况、肿瘤区密度变化、子结节的发现和治疗效果、术后并发症的发现等．