Geochemical distribution and removal of As,Fe, Mn and Al in a surface water system affected by acid mine drainage at a coalfield in Southwestern China

The chemical characteristics, formation and natural attenuation of pollutants in the coal acid mine drainage (AMD) at Xingren coalfield, Southwest China, are discussed in this paper based on the results of a geochemical investigation as well as geological and hydrogeological background information. The chemical composition of the AMD is controlled by the dissolution of sulfide minerals in the coal seam, the initial composition of the groundwater and the water–rock interaction. The AMD is characterized by high sulfate concentrations, high levels of dissolved metals (Fe, Al, Mn, etc.) and low pH values. Ca²⁺ and SO₄ ²⁻ are the dominant cation and anion in the AMD, respectively, while Ca²⁺ and HCO₃ ⁻ are present at significant levels in background water and surface water after the drainage leaves the mine site. The pH and alkalinity increase asymptotically with the distance along the flow path, while concentrations of sulfate, ferrous iron, aluminum and manganese are typically controlled by the deposition of secondary minerals. Low concentrations of As and other pollutants in the surface waters of the Xingren coalfield could be due to relatively low quantities being released from coal seams, to adsorption and coprecipitation on secondary minerals in stream sediments, and to dilution by unpolluted surface recharge. Although As is not the most serious water quality problem in the Xingren region at present, it is still a potential environmental problem. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

吉林舒兰煤田地震勘探资料处理效果分析

以舒兰煤田为例,论证和分析了在狭长地堑复杂地区二维地震资料处理的各个环节上采用的方法、手段和措施,最终得到高信噪比、高分辨率地震资料,提高了地震解释结果精度,从而达到提高煤田地震勘探水平,准确寻找煤炭资源的目的.     

滕县煤田七五井田岩浆岩分布特征及对煤层煤质的影响

以七五井田为研究对象,通过对区内地质构造展布特征、岩浆岩分布特征进行分析研究,总结得出七五井田岩浆侵入规律,进一步弄清了岩浆侵入对煤层的破坏程度,并对岩浆岩对煤层煤质的影响程度进行了评价,为矿井生产过程中的开拓布置工作提供了依据。     

2011年6月8日新疆托克逊MS5.3地震震源机制解反演

2011年6月8日9时53分,新疆维吾尔自治区吐鲁番地区托克逊县发生Ms5.3地震.据新疆自治区民政厅报告,截至6月9日7时,地震造成托克逊县1241人受灾,324户1335间房屋不同程度受损,其中50户168间农牧民住房成为危房、无法居住,274户1135间房屋墙体开裂,博斯坦乡中学24间教室房屋开裂,伊拉湖乡医院8间病房开裂,无人员伤亡报告.     

黄河北煤田岩浆岩侵入区内矿井地温分布规律研究—以潘店井田为例

通常情况下,地温会随深度增加而呈线性增加,地温影响着井下采掘工作面的环境温度。随着矿井深度的变化,空气所受到的压力状态也随之发生改变。当风流沿井巷向下流动时,空气的压力值增大。空气的压缩会出现放热(或吸热),从而使矿井温度升高。随着矿井向深部开采,井下作业环境条件恶化,岩层温度将达到摄氏几十度的高温。新汶孙村煤矿-800 m水平部分工作面温度高达30~33℃,巨野矿区龙固矿井-850 m水平所有工作面温度高达34~36℃,已严重影响了工人劳动效率。黄河北煤田潘店井田东部有燕山期岩浆岩活动,含煤地层的上中下部均有岩浆岩侵入,针对岩浆岩侵蚀地区采用钻孔简易测温和近似稳态测温等手段,详细查明地温分布规律,通过区内地温资料对比发现,该区有岩浆岩侵蚀影响的地段比没有岩浆岩侵蚀的地段地温高2.6~7.2℃。     

大河煤田钻孔复杂因素分析及施工技术对策

为了解决大河煤田复杂地层钻进施工难的问题,对钻探施工中遇到的复杂地层情况进行分析,提出了采用技术套管、堵漏材料和不同类型的优质泥浆进行护孔堵漏钻进,较顺利地通过了复杂地层,达到了终孔设计要求,取得了良好的经济效益。     

煤田火区环境影响综合评价指标体系与评价方法

在研究煤田火区对自然-社会经济系统影响的基础上,提出了煤田火区环境影响综合评价指标体系的构建思路,建立了煤田火区环境影响评价的一般性指标体系,包括5级32个指标。以内蒙古乌达煤田火区为实例,论述了煤火环境影响综合评价的实施过程。根据煤田火区特征,在一般指标体系框架内确定了23个评价指标,采用层次分析法与综合指数法相结合,建立了火区环境影响综合评价公式。评价结果表明,乌达煤田火区对环境的影响为较严重水平,与定性分析结果相符。     

Delineation of coalfield surface fires by thresholding Landsat TM-7 day-time image data

Surface fires are common in coalfields where coal is mined or exposed to sunlight for long durations of time. The heat energy emitted from these fires affects the signal recorded by sensors operating in the shortwave infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The Landsat TM/ETM+ band-7 is sensitive to solar reflected radiation as well as emitted radiation from a target. The ‘maximum solar reflection threshold’ method proposed in this study uses the highest spectral radiance that can be attributed to solar reflection as the conservative threshold to segregate the pixels with emitted component from those with reflected component of the EM energy. Investigations with Landsat TM/ETM+ data indicate a reflectance value of 0.23–0.25 as the most representative highest reflectance (threshold) in coal mining areas. The method apparently has the advantage that it is based on the reflectance characteristics of materials (sandstone-shale mixtures) typically found in coal mining areas.     

卡姆斯特煤田侏罗系八道湾组地层层序及聚煤特征

综合利用卡姆斯特煤田钻孔测井、野外露头及古生物化石等资料,应用经典层序地层学基本理论和方法,对卡姆斯特煤田八道湾组进行了层序地层划分,共识别出SQ1和SQ2两个三级层序,并根据地层叠置样式、沉积旋回特征细分为6个体系域。通过沉积基础图件、沉积环境的分析明确了研究区八道湾组沉积演化主要受古地形起伏、古气候条件等古地理因素的综合影响。确定研究区内目的层段主要在高位和低位时期聚煤,湖侵时期不利于聚煤。通过详细研究卡姆斯特煤田八道湾组的沉积环境和聚煤特征,为今后寻找和开发卡姆斯特地区煤炭资源提供地质依据。     

青海省天峻县木里煤田聚乎更矿区构造轮廓和地层格架

木里煤田聚乎更矿区是全球陆上中纬度、高海拔冻土带天然气水合物的发现地,也是当前青藏高原地质研究的热点地区之一。依据近年来的煤炭地质勘查资料,对聚乎更矿区的构造轮廓、含煤地层、沉积相和聚煤作用进行深入分析．认为聚乎更矿区位于祁连坳褶带西段,受大通山北缘和托莱山南缘对冲断裂组的制约,构造线总体方向为北西一南东向,构造轮廓表现为南北2个向斜,其中北向斜的煤炭赋存条件优于南向斜。聚乎更矿区含煤地层为中侏罗统木里组和江仓纽。主要可采煤层赋存于木里组上段,聚煤作用主要发生于木里组沉积期的辫状河淤浅之后发育的泥炭沼泽和湖泊、水下三角洲淤浅而发育的泥炭沼泽。