西北干旱区典型水库浮游植物群落结构特征及驱动因子

为了解西北干旱区水库浮游植物群落结构特征,并进一步探究浮游植物与环境因子之间的相关关系,于2017年对张掖境内不同分布区域的8座典型水库进行为期4个季度的采样调查.结果显示,调查期间共计检出浮游植物8门106属294种,其中硅藻门、绿藻门和蓝藻门占比分别为48.35％、26.64％和14.47％.浮游植物密度在0.3×...     

自然资源统一分类标准研究——以广西阳朔县为例

自然资源统一分类标准是自然资源调查监测体系构建的内容之一。针对长期以来土地、矿产、森林、湿地、草地、水等管理部门使用的分类标准之间存在语义不统一、分类冲突的情况,本文通过梳理我国常用的自然资源分类标准,对比分析了不同专业、不同时期自然资源分类标准的特点和存在的问题。结合广西桂林阳朔县自然资源调查监测试点工作,着眼于统筹山水林田湖草系统治理,依据现有的各类自然资源分类体系,兼顾科学性、适用性和衔接性原则,提出了自然资源统一分类标准的分类体系、分类编码、术语定义的编制思路;并从自然资源实体的自然属性、管理属性、生态属性角度重新梳理了分类标准体系。     

Soil moisture variation in relation to topography and land use in a hillslope catchment of the Loess Plateau, China

The profile characteristics and the temporal dynamics of soil moisture variation were studied at 26 locations in Da Nangou catchment (3.5 km²) in the loess area of China. Soil moisture measurements were performed biweekly at five depths in the soil profile (0–5, 10–15, 20–25, 40–45 and 70–75 cm) from May to October 1998 using Delta-T theta probe. Soil moisture profile type and temporal variation type and their relationship to topography and land use were identified by detrended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA) and correlation analysis. The profile distribution of time-averaged soil moisture content can be classified into three types i.e. decreasing-type, waving-type and increasing-type. The profile features of soil moisture (e.g. profile gradient and profile variability) are influenced by different environmental factors. The profile type of soil moisture is only attributed to land use while profile gradient and profile variability of soil moisture is mainly related to land use and topography (e.g. landform type and slope). The temporal dynamics of layer-averaged soil moisture content is grouped into three types including three-peak type, synchro-four-peak type and lagged-four-peak type. These types are controlled by topography rather than by land use. The temporal dynamic type of soil moisture shows significant correlation with relative elevation, slope, aspect, while temporal variance displays significant relation with slope shape. The mean soil moisture is related to both the profile and dynamics features of soil moisture and is controlled by both land use and topography (e.g. aspect, position, slope and relative elevation). The spatial variability of soil moisture across landscape varies with both soil depths and temporal evolution.     

地震应急信息产品需求差异化分析

地震应急信息是政府开展地震应急处置决策的重要依据。本文通过云南各级抗震救灾指挥部成员单位为主的政府部门对地震应急信息需求开展问卷调查，结合云南历史震害经验和应急救援经验，采用统计分析和卡方检验方法，分析政府部门对地震应急信息产品的需求情况及差异，提出地震应急信息差异化服务建议。     

赣中存在元古代华夏（古陆）变质基底的地球化学证据

赣中存在元古代华夏（古陆）变质基底的地球化学证据章邦桐，胡恭任（南京大学地球科学系，南京２１００９３）关键词赣中，元古代变质岩，微量元素比值聚类分析，对应分析经过多年研究和讨论，浙闽元古代“华夏古陆”的存在已得到国内地学界的一致肯定。多数学者称其为华...     

Factors affecting the association of fatty acids with mineral particles in sea water

Certain factors influencing the incorporation, transport and release of fatty acids by clay minerals, calcite and marine sediments have been investigated.Salinity was found to be an important factor. The adsorption of heptadecanoic acid by bentonite clay at 4%. was nearly triple that at 0%.. However, from 4%. to 35%., only a minor adsorption increase occurred. This behavior is believed to be related to flocculation of the clay at the lower salinity range. The pH over the range of 6.0–8.5 has a small influence on fatty acid-clay association, depressing it somewhat as the basicity increases.When the temperature of the fatty acid solution was increased from 0°C to 50°C, a decrease in adsorption on to clay was found. This effect may be due to increased water solubility of the acid at higher temperatures, since solubility is very important in controlling the degree of fatty acid-mineral interaction. Furthermore, apparent solubilization of fatty acids by indigenous dissolved organic matter in sea water reduces adsorption on to clay minerals.Based upon the heat of adsorption of ?14.6 kcal/mole, fatty acids are physically bound to clay minerals by weak van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds.Bentonite and kaolinite were found to be the most adsorptive minerals investigated, followed in order by illite, montmorillonite and calcite. Sediments from Narragansett Bay were found to lie between illite and montmorillonite in adsorptive capacity after indigenous sediment organic matter had been removed. Sediment organic matter reduced fatty acid uptake by a factor of 1.6.     

对地观测高光谱激光雷达发展及展望

对目标空间三维—光谱信息的高分辨一体化获取与应用,是对地观测技术发展的前沿科学问题.结合高光谱成像与激光雷达测距的技术优势,对地观测多光谱/高光谱激光雷达遥感技术手段应运而生,并成为遥感技术未来发展的重要方向.本文分3个阶段详细回顾了对地观测高光谱激光雷达系统的发展历程,并针对其独有数据类型阐述了数据处理研究方面的探索...     

亚乙基硫脲分子键伸缩模式与全耦合模式键极化率的对比及其拉曼激发虚态的相关研究

从拉曼峰强着手,得到了键伸缩模式与全耦合模式两种不同计算条件下,亚乙基硫脲(ethylene thiourea,ETU)分子的键极化率,并比较分析了两种计算结果的异同.研究表明:在键伸缩模式的算法中,仅考虑势能分布中键对称伸缩比重相对较大的部分拉曼峰参与极化率计算,显然忽略了键伸缩与键弯曲间的相互耦合,造成了与弯曲振动耦合较强的部分键伸缩极化率值存在一定误差.因此,此方法虽能使问题简化,但却丢失了一些信息.而全耦合模式算法考虑了所有振动模式(键伸缩与键弯曲)相互影响的情况,能更全面的反映键电荷的分布情况,     

Chronology of Early to Mid-Pleistocene sediments in the northern North Sea: New evidence from amino acid and strontium isotope analyses

Sediments deposited during glacial-interglacial cycles through the Early to Mid-Pleistocene in the North Sea are chronologically poorly constrained. To contribute to the chronology of these units, amino acid racemization (AAR) and strontium (Sr) isotope analyses have been performed on samples from four shallow borings and one oil well along a transect in the northern North Sea. D/L Asp (aspartic acid) values obtained through reverse-phase liquid chromatography in the benthic foraminiferal species Elphidium excavatum is focused on because of consistent results and a good stratigraphic distribution of this benthic species. For the Early Pleistocene, an age model for the well 16/1–8, from the central part of the northern North Sea based on Sr ages allows for dating of the prograding wedges filling the pre-Quaternary central basin. A regional calibration curve for the racemization of Asp in Elphidium excavatum is developed using published ages of radiocarbon-dated samples and samples associated with the previously identified Bruhnes/Matuyama (B/M) paleomagnetic boundary and a Sr age from this study. Based on all the available geochronological evidence, samples were assigned to marine oxygen isotope stages (MIS) with uncertainties on the order of 10–70 ka.Sr ages suggest a hiatus of <2 million years (Ma) possibly due to non-deposition or low sedimentation between the Utsira Formation (Pliocene) and the Early Pleistocene. An increase in sedimentation rates around 1.5 ± 0.07 Ma (∼MIS 51) may partly be due to sediment supply from rivers from the south-east and partly due to the extension of ice sheet around 1.36 ± 0.07 Ma from the Norwegian coast to the central North Sea. A possible basin-wide glaciation occurred around 1.1 Ma (∼ MIS 32) (upper regional unconformity/top of unit Q4 in this study), resulting in erosion and regional unconformity. Two interglacials in the Norwegian Channel have been dated: the Radøy Interglacial to 1.07 ± 0.01 Ma (possibly MIS 31, the ‘super interglacial’), and the Norwegian Trench Interglacial to 0.50 ± 0.02 Ma (possibly MIS 13). A massive till unit identified at the same stratigraphic level in all shallow borings may partly represent an extensive MIS 12 glaciation. This study shows that the combined use of amino acid racemization data and Sr isotope chronology can refine the chronological ambiguities of Quaternary North Sea sediments related partly to the impact of glacial processes.