川西北九龙山地区下侏罗统自流井组珍珠冲段沉积相研究

根据单因素分析多因素综合作图法,对川西北九龙山地区珍珠冲段岩石学特征、沉积构造、植物化石特征等进行详细研究,并结合测井资料,分析九龙山地区珍珠冲段沉积相,深入研究其平面展布特征进行,探讨其演化规律,建立研究区沉积相发育模式。研究认为珍珠冲段沉积期九龙山地区主要发育湿地型扇三角洲相,并且发育一套正旋回的层序,为该地区油气勘探工作提供指导。      

THE ROLE OF ALLUVIAL FANS IN THE MOUNTAIN FLUVIAL SYSTEMS OF SOUTHEAST SPAIN: IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATIC CHANGE

The mountain fluvial systems of southeast Spain involve sediment supply from steep mountain slopes into headwater channels. Alluvial fans often occur where these headwater channels emerge from the mountain areas, and may influence the connectivity of the sediment transport system from the mountain source areas to the main lowland drainages. Critical in this role is whether the alluvial fans are aggrading or dissecting, and whether there is a break or continuity in the channel through the fan environment. Previous work has identified some of the factors influencing the behaviour of the alluvial fans in southeast Spain. This paper deals with the mountain front alluvial fans in the semi-arid areas of Murcia and Almeria provinces. It attempts, by mapping the location of alluvial fans, then their classification into aggrading or dissecting fans, to identify the extent to which the mountain fluvial systems are buffered by aggrading alluvial fans or exhibit channel continuity through the mountain front environment. It further considers the implications of climatically induced changes between aggradational and dissectional behaviour on alluvial fans.     

侯马盆地冲积扇及其流域地貌发育规律

根据从DEM数据中提取的侯马盆地冲积扇及其流域的多项地貌指标,分析了各地貌指标的空间分布规律,并通过地貌指标的空间分布曲线与山前地形高程曲线形态的对比以及地貌指标相关性分析来揭示冲积扇及其流域地貌的发育规律。结果表明,在侯马盆地相对隆起部位的冲积扇及其流域的地貌指标与在盆地凹陷部位的冲积扇及其流域的地貌指标有较大差异;流域地貌指标的空间分布受到盆地边界断层构造活动性的影响;冲积扇的发育主要受到流域规模、山前构造活动以及盆地基准面等多种因素共同的影响;流域内岩性的差异不是造成研究区域内冲积扇地貌差异的主要因素。     

祁连山、贺兰山与吕梁山山前冲积扇上的农地对比

不同地区冲积扇上农地发育特征的对比可以揭示环境条件与农地发育的关系。本文以Lansat卫星ETM+遥感影像、DEM和野外考察资料为基础,研究了祁连山、贺兰山与吕梁山三个地区山前冲积扇的地貌特征和扇上农地的发育特征,探讨了影响冲积扇上农地发育的因素。结果表明,吕梁山地区扇上农地比例最高,自扇顶到扇缘均有农地发育,其次为祁连山地区,农地主要发育在一些被黄土覆盖的冲积扇的老扇面上,贺兰山地区冲积扇上农地比例最低,农地多分布在扇缘区域;物质组成是影响冲积扇上农地发育的直接因素;相关性分析表明,祁连山和吕梁山地区冲积扇上的农地发育受黄土沉积过程影响显著,而贺兰山前冲积扇上农地发育更多地受冲积扇地貌过程的影响。     

扇三角洲相与副层序关系的探讨

在湖泊中存在三种三角洲类型,即正常三角洲,辫状三角洲和扇三角洲。它们均由三角洲平原、三角洲前缘、前三角洲三部分所组成。陆相地层具有强烈的旋回性,只要将基准面看成海平面就完全可以运用层序地层学思路与方法研究陆相地层。扇三角洲相在断陷湖盆的陡坡一侧发育,通过与标准三角洲副层序模式对比,一个完整的扇三角洲序列可以划分出两个副层序。     

黄县早第三纪断陷盆地高分辨率层序地层划分

详细研究了黄县煤田早第三纪断陷盆地沉积填序列和沉积体系,研究了基准面旋回特点,进行了高分辨率层序地层划分。研究表明,黄县断陷盆地下第三系为１个构造层序,是一个完整的原型断陷盆地沉积充填序列。可划分出２个三级层序,且具有三元结构,即由低水位、水进和高水位体系域组成;层序Ｉ低水位体系域由早期和晚期两部分组成,层序Ⅱ高水位体系域亦有早期和晚期两部分构成。主要沉积体系有：扇三角洲体系、湖底扇体系、辫状河三     

ALLUVIAL STYLES AND ARCHITECTURE AS GUIDES TO CENOZOIC TECTONIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL EVENTS AT THE NORTHERN MARGINS OF THE QINGHAI—XIZANG PLATEAU

ALLUVIAL STYLES AND ARCHITECTURE AS GUIDES TO CENOZOIC TECTONIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL EVENTS AT THE NORTHERN MARGINS OF THE QINGHAI—XIZANG PLATEAU     

Formation and dynamics of vegetated fluvial landforms follow the biogeomorphological succession model in a channelized river

Feedback between hydrogeomorphological processes and riparian plants drives landscape dynamics and vegetation succession in river corridors. We describe the consequences of biogeomorphological feedback on the formation and dynamics of vegetated fluvial landforms based on observations from the channelized Isère River in France. The channel was laterally confined with embankments and mostly straightened. From the beginning of the 1970s to the end of the 1990s, alternate bars were progressively but heavily colonized by vegetation. This context presented an exceptional opportunity to analyse temporal adjustments between fluvial landforms and vegetation succession from bare gravel bars to mature upland forest as the consequence of biogeomorphological interactions. Based on a GIS analysis of aerial photographs (between 1948 and 1996), we show that the spatiotemporal organization of vegetated bars within the river channel observed in 1996 resulted from a bioconstruction and biostabilization effect of vegetation and interactions between bars of varying age, size and mobility. Field measurements in 1996 reflected how a strong positive feedback between sedimentary dynamics and riparian vegetation succession resulted in the construction of the vegetated bars. A highly significant statistical association of geomorphological and vegetation variables (RV of co-inertia analysis = 0.41, p < 0.001) explained 95% of the variability in just one axis, supporting the existence of very strong feedback between geomorphological changes (i.e. the transformation of small bare alternate bars to fluvial landforms covered by mature upland forest, and vegetation succession). Such dynamics reflect the fluvial biogeomorphological successions model, as described by the authors earlier. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dating alluvial fan surfaces in Owens Valley,California, using weathering fractures in boulders

A wide range of sedimentological and geomorphological field research depends on the availability of accurate and detailed depositional age models. Although exposure dating techniques such as cosmogenic nuclide and luminescence dating are now widely available, they remain expensive and time‐consuming, and this frequently limits the density of age constraints and the resolutions of age models for many study areas. We present a simple and effective, field‐based approach for extending and correlating existing age models to un‐dated surfaces. In Owens Valley, California, we make use of detailed beryllium‐10 (¹⁰Be) chronologies reported for four different alluvial fan systems, to precisely calibrate the rate at which weathering fractures are enlarged in granitic surface boulders. We show that these fractures have widened at a time‐integrated rate of 1.05 ± 0.03 mm ka^?1 for at least 140 ka at this location, and this relationship can be represented by a linear regression that makes them ideal chronometers for surface dating. Our analysis offers a new approach to refining the uncertainties of both surface erosion rate and cosmogenic age estimates at this location. Ultimately, we integrate our observations to devise a robust age calibration for clast fracture widths in Owens Valley, and we demonstrate its application by estimating the ages of 27 additional local fan surfaces. We present an updated and extended stratigraphy for eight Sierra Nevada fan systems in total, with exceptional age control. This novel approach to dating sedimentary surfaces is inexpensive and easily applied in the field, and has the potential to significantly increase the temporal and spatial density of age constraints available for a particular study area. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Trace metals distribution pattern in floodplain sediments of a lowland river in relation to contemporary valley bottom morphodynamics

The distribution of trace metals in alluvial sediments depends on their natural background concentrations, and on the dynamics of contemporary depositional and erosional (mainly flood‐induced) processes. Geological and geochemical investigations were carried out in the valley of Vistula River near Magnuszew (central Poland). Sediment samples were collected from a depth of 35 cm and comprise sediments of all defined geomorphological features. Identification and geological interpretation of the morphodynamic sediment features was supported by aerial photographs and high‐resolution satellite images. These studies revealed that the distribution of trace metals is closely linked to the morphogenesis of the alluvial floodplain. The highest concentrations of Cu, Co, Zn, V, Cr and Ni were observed in crevasse‐splays deposits. By contrast, Sr, Pb and As were concentrated in deposits which fill oxbow lakes (partly infilled with organic deposits). The lowest concentrations of trace metals were detected in flood sediments deposited within erosional troughs. The geomorphological and sedimentological history of the fluvial features explains the pattern of heavy metal distribution on the current floodplain surface. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.