山西宁武"万年冰洞"形成机制初探

山西宁武万年冰洞,是目前所知全球冻土带以外,垂直洞穴中保存的冰体规模最大、最多、最好的地区,国内外所罕见。初步研究表明,冰洞洞体的形成,主要与该区第四纪早期冰川作用有关。冰体开始形成于早更新世末的冰缘期。冰体之所以终年不化长期保存的原因,主要与其所处地理位置、冰体与围岩的热平衡作用形成低温保护层———“冰室效应”、垂直洞穴的存在、冰体与围岩裂隙空气间产生的热平衡作用的结果———“囱式效应”和冰洞周边地下煤自燃(当地俗称“千年火山”)形成的“热力效应”等因素有关。万年冰洞的形成和保存,是当地气候、环境变迁的缩影、真实的记录和见证,为研究该区和华北地区气候和环境演化,提供重要的实际资料和依据,具有极高的科学价值和实际意义。     

Comparative Analysis of Cave Strain and Borehole Bulk Strain of the Tai'an Seismic Station

Based on the cave strain observation data in 2013 at Tai'an seismic station,we use the Venedikov harmonic analysis method to calculate the cave strain measurement and phase lag of the tide factor, and qualitatively evaluate the stability of the tidal factor for observational data evaluation. At the same time, the two measurement items of the observation instrument are calculated,and the correlation strain parameters are extracted and compared. On this basis,the strain parameter time series calculation is carried out on the data quality of Taian seismic station,which is relatively stable,and the 2 sets of instruments are compared. Through the analysis, it is found that the stress field is abnormal,and the corresponding relationship between the anomaly of the stress field and the gravity field is compared and analyzed.     

周口店田园洞MIS3阶段古人类生存环境

周口店田园洞遗址是2001年新发现的一处重要的更新世晚期古人类遗址,年代测定表明古人类在该遗址活动时间发生在40~38.5 kaBP前,属MIS3阶段。对田园洞洞穴堆积物的哺乳动物群、磁化率、黏土矿物和氧化物等进行分析和测试,结果表明,田园洞堆积物总体上为在重力作用下,洞穴围岩崩塌充填而成;洞穴发育和充填经过了洞穴发育—快速充填—稳定沉积—充填完成4个阶段,对应的气候环境经历了冷湿—温暖—干冷—温暖湿润的变化过程。古人类活动于快速充填期,气候比较温暖湿润,动植物资源丰富,有利于古人类生存活动。田园洞古人类生存环境研究对揭示北京周口店地区MIS3阶段古人类生存环境具有重要意义。     

重庆羊子洞MIS5a/MIS4转换时期石笋微量元素记录及其气候意义

利用重庆丰都羊子洞石笋Y02 ICP-MS测年数据、微量元素数据和石笋氧同位素数据重建了三峡库区76~69 ka B.P.时段的古气候环境信息。将石笋Y02测试数据与太阳辐射曲线、格陵兰NGRIP冰芯和南海海表温度进行对比分析,结果显示石笋Mg/Ca主要响应降水变化,而Sr/Ca、Ba/Ca和U/Ca更多地响应地表土壤状况和当地大气粉尘活动,间接响应降水变化;石笋Y02 δ18O记录出现偏重的趋势比微量元素比值增大时间晚1 ka多,表明石笋微量元素比值可能还受到温度影响。     

Estimation of carbon dioxide flux degassing from percolating waters in a karst cave: Case study from Bijambare cave,Bosnia and Herzegovina

Drip water, collected above three actively forming stalagmites, has been analyzed and the results discussed using a calcite saturation index versus equilibrium carbon dioxide partial pressure theoretical relationship. Percolating water appears to have been originated from a parent solution in equilibrium with a carbon dioxide rich gas phase having a minimum concentration varying between 15,000 ppmv and 26,000 ppmv while large part of the variability recorded in the cave can be explained by different stage of degassing. Similarly, analyses performed at several cave pools confirm that drip water rapidly achieves equilibrium with the cave atmosphere after impact on the stalagmite apex, while oversaturation is retained longer. Using these boundary conditions, the changes in inorganic carbon concentration in the percolating water have been calculated and converted into fluxes using an average effective infiltration flow estimated from the annual water balance.The predicted flux of carbon dioxide degassing from drip water is in the range of 0.03–0.06 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹. This flux has been found to be one of the major sources of carbon dioxide in the cave atmosphere during low ventilation periods.     

MIS8-MIS9阶段亚洲季风的轨道尺度气候变率:栾川老母洞石笋记录

通过对河南西部栾川县老母洞LM-1石笋U/Th年龄和205个氧同位素的分析,初步建立起黄土高原东南缘豫西地区倒数第三次冰期(氧同位素MIS8-MIS9阶段)千年尺度的亚洲季风演化特征.LM-1石笋δ18O记录最轻为- 11.38‰.,最重为-6.99‰,振幅达4.37‰,平均值为-9.07‰,说明LM-1石笋敏感地记录...     

河北临城崆山白云洞溶洞地貌和沉积特征及其影响因素*

河北崆山白云洞发育在以中寒武统张夏组厚层鲕粒灰岩为主的碳酸盐岩地层中。通过对洞穴结构、形态以及沉积物特征的观测分析,结合区域地质演化、古气候演变研究,认为：（1）白云洞由3层洞穴构成,上层为大型厅堂状,中层和下层为狭窄廊道状。洞穴展布受控于NNW、NE和近EW向断裂。（2）洞穴发育形态、规模不仅与岩性和构造有关,还取决于洞穴形成时期的构造稳定性及与之耦合的气候条件,其成层分布是间歇性构造抬升的结果。（3）溶洞沉积物形态多样,其中毛细水沉积的网状卷曲石、协同沉积的玉簪对净瓶等极为罕见。（4）溶洞发育过程中历经多次坍塌,损毁严重。现今的白云洞岩石破碎,结构稳定性差,易遭破坏。研究白云洞地貌和沉积特征及影响因素,对预测其未来变化、保护洞穴旅游资源有重要意义。     

张渤带洞体应变参数解算及结果分析

采用张渤带2002年以来的洞体应变观测资料,首先利用Venedikov调和分析方法计算带内各个台站洞体应变测项的潮汐因子和相位滞后,并以潮汐因子的稳定性对观测资料进行了质量评价.其后,以怀来台伸缩仪为例讨论了3分量和2分量观测解算平面应变参数的模型及其适用性,结果表明二者的相关系数在0.9以上.在此基础上,选取张渤带上资料较稳定的16个洞体应变台站资料进行了应变参数时间序列计算,并对华北M5.0地震前应变参数同步变化现象进行了总结.最后对比了洞体应变与GPS应变的差异,并分析了可能的原因.