In terms of hydrogeological, engineering-geological, and hydrotechnical tapping in karst in relation to ground waters, karst
channels, springs and ponors, speleodiving is the only research method which enables direct observation, studying and exact
geological mapping of karst channels and caverns. Data collected during speleodiving research contribute considerably to the
analysis of karst evolution process in the given region, which is very important in evaluating the depth of karstification
and determining the main direction of the groundwater flow. In the past 30 years in Serbia and Montenegro, speleodivers have
investigated over 40 siphonal springs, active cave channels and ponors, of which more than 20 are proof of deep siphonal circulation
in karstic aquifers. The karstic springs are the most interesting phenomenon from a hydrogeological view point, and their
investigations need particular attention. Most of significant karstic springs are on the rims of erosion basins—perimeters
of karst poljes, river valleys, sea coasts and contact areas between karst aquifers and hydrogeological barriers. General
characteristics of the spring regime are the direct correlation between precipitation and spring discharge. Moreover, the
hydrogeological regime of these springs also depends on the size of the catchment area, karstic aquifer retardation capacity,
total porosity, as well as lithological and structural characteristics. 相似文献