西昆仑山甜水海24万年以来生态环境演化的孢粉学证据

西昆仑山甜水海深５６．３２的钻孔岩芯孢粉记录表明,本地区２４０ｋａＢＰ以来,高寒荒漠植被一直占主导地位,但其嶂有草原成分蒿墙加的若干波动,它反映了寒冷干昌气候背影下的湿润温和波动,亦反映了生态环境的脆弱性。     

西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带中段去申拉组火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素特征

西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带广泛分布中生代岩浆活动,对于认识特提斯洋的演化有重要的启示。班公湖-怒江缝合带中段东卡错微陆块去申拉组安山岩的锆石U-Pb测年和Hf同位素测试结果显示,其中21个测点给出的锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为110.3±0.7Ma;ε_(Hf)(t)值为-5.66～1.05,二阶段Hf模式年龄为1020～1448Ma,表现出壳幔混源的特征。综合区域构造沉积演化及前人研究成果,认为东卡错微陆块内发育的去申拉组火山岩很可能与早白垩世班公湖-怒江洋壳南向俯冲消减引起的板片断离有关,并形成于板内伸展环境,其岩浆来源于聂荣微陆块成熟地壳物质发生深熔或重熔作用形成的酸性熔体与古老岩石圈地幔部分熔融产生的基性熔体的混合。     

Oligocene crustal xenolith‐bearing alkaline basalt from Jandaq area (Central Iran): implications for magma genesis and crustal nature

The Oligocene alkaline basalts of Toveireh area (southwest of Jandaq, Central Iran) exhibit northwest–southeast to west–east exposure in northwest of the central‐east Iranian microcontinent (CEIM). These basalts are composed of olivine (Fo_70–90), clinopyroxene (diopside, augite), plagioclase (labradorite), spinel, and titanomagnetite as primary minerals and serpentine and zeolite as secondary ones. They are enriched in alkalis, TiO₂ and light rare earth elements (La/Yb = 9.64–12.68) and are characterized by enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (Cs, Rb, Ba) and high field strength elements (Nb, Ta). The geochemical features of the rocks suggest that the Toveireh alkaline basalts are derived from a moderate degree partial melting (10–20%) of a previously enriched garnet lherzolite of asthenospheric mantle. Subduction of the CEIM confining oceanic crust from the Triassic to Eocene is the reason of mantle enrichment. The studied basalts contain mafic‐ultramafic and aluminous granulitic xenoliths. The rock‐forming minerals of the mafic‐ultramafic xenoliths are Cr‐free/poor spinel, olivine, Al‐rich pyroxene, and feldspar. The aluminous granulitic xenoliths consist of an assemblage of hercynitic spinel + plagioclase (andesine–labradorite) ± corundum ± sillimanite. They show interstitial texture, which is consistent with granulite facies. They are enriched in high field strength elements (Ti, Nb and Ta), light rare earth elements (La/Yb = 37–193) and exhibit a positive Eu anomaly. These granulitic xenoliths may be Al‐saturated but Si‐undersaturated feldspar bearing restitic materials of the lower crust. The Oligocene Toveireh basaltic magma passed and entrained these xenoliths from the lower crust to the surface.     

Geochronology and geochemistry of Grenville-aged (1063 ± 16 Ma) metabasalts in the Shennongjia district,Yangtze block: implications for tectonic evolution of the South China Craton

To better understand the evolution of the South China Craton (SCC), we have determined the geochronological and geochemical compositions of newly recognized Grenville-aged metabasalts in the Shennongjia region of the northern Yangtze block. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircons indicates that the metabasalts formed at 1063 ± 16 Ma. The rocks are calc-alkaline, are characterized by SiO₂ contents (50.50 to 55.62 wt.%), and have moderate-to-high MgO contents (7.25–9.60 wt.%). They display light rare earth element enrichment ((La/Yb)_N = 7.0–9.8) with slightly negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.82–0.90) and have pronounced depletion in high-field strength elements as well as positive Pb anomalies in the primitive mantle-normalized trace element pattern. They possess high initial Sr isotopic ratios of 0.7092–0.7107, large negative ε_Nd(t) values of ?12.1 to ?11.0, and a relatively narrow range of initial Pb isotope ratios (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 16.503–17.019, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.259–15.452, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 36.169–36.994). These isotopic characteristics are typical of basalts derived from an EM2 source region and suggest a subcontinental lithospheric mantle source that was metasomatized by subducted components (fluids and melts). Integrating our new data with documented igneous and metamorphic events during late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic time in the region and western segments of the Yangtze block, we suggest that the Shennongjia area might be a microcontinent that was independent of the continental nucleus of the Yangtze block and was accreted to the Yangtze block at the end of Mesoproterozoic time. This study thus argues against the traditional view that the SCC was formed simply by Yangtze–Cathaysia collision and supports a hypothesis in which the Yangtze block was a collage of microcontinents accreted during the Grenvillian period accompanying the assembly of the Rodinia supercontinent.     

甜水海地块晚寒武世花岗岩对原特提斯洋演化的启示：来自锆石年代学和地球化学的证据

笔者在甜水海地块中部麻扎地区新发现了晚寒武世花岗岩,并命名为苦鲁勒岩体。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明其形成年龄为500.7±1.1~498.7±1.4Ma,属晚寒武世岩浆活动的产物。该花岗岩中无角闪石和白云母,具有高SiO_2(73.49%~77.47%)、中高K_2O(1.88%~4.14%)、低P_2O_5(0.02%~0.05%)的特征,铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为0.98~1.12;稀土总量偏高(∑REE=66.81×10~(-6)~135.43×10~(-6)),轻重稀土的分馏程度中等[(La/Yb)_N介于3.86~7.98之间,(La/Sm)_N介于3.46~4.22之间)],Eu具有明显负异常(δEu=0.35~0.66);微量元素以富集Rb、Th、U、K,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti、Sr为特征,属于准铝质到弱过铝质高分异I型花岗岩类。岩体中发育的辉绿岩、闪长岩暗色包体以及结合成岩过程判别图解,表明在苦鲁勒岩体的形成过程中可能有幔源物质的加入,很可能是岩浆经历了显著的基性岩浆混合事件后的结果。结合区域研究成果,认为苦鲁勒岩体很可能形成于原特提斯洋向南俯冲消减机制下的岩浆弧构造环境,推测在早古生代原特提斯洋存在双向俯冲。     

塔里木古大陆东缘的微大陆块体群

塔里木古大陆东缘至少存在4个微大陆，自北而南分别是阿拉善、祁连、欧龙布鲁克和柴达木微大陆，它们有相近但又有一定差异的早前寒武纪变质基底和中元古代变质沉积地层。每一个微大陆边缘均有复杂的生成历史，特别是新元古代早期的热-构造事件十分发育，并在柴达木微大陆北缘形成一条长700km的花岗片麻岩带，而在多数微大陆边缘则叠加了寒武纪至奥陶纪火山弧或蛇绿混杂岩。在微大陆之间自北而南分别发育了北祁蛇绿岩混杂岩带、南祁连蛇绿岩混杂岩带、沙柳河-鱼卡河高压-超高压变质带和昆仑中部清水泉蛇绿混杂岩，它们代表了微大陆这间的结合带，其形成时代集中在寒武纪至奥陶纪。这几个微大陆总体表现出亲塔里木古大陆的特征，特别是自新元古代以来具有相似的地质演化特征。     

Palaeozoic accretion of the microcontinent Chilenia,North Patagonian Andes: high-pressure metamorphism and subsequent thermal relaxation

Basement rocks of the Colohuincul Complex (CC) crop out in the eastern foothills of the North Patagonian Andes (latitude 41°S). We studied the chemical composition of mineral phases in a mica-schist and a migmatite of this complex and constructed P–T pseudosections contoured by various chemical parameters of minerals. The P–T metamorphic path of the mica-schist is characterized by a high-pressure, low-temperature event (1.8 GPa and 440°C) indicated by a spessartine-rich core in prograde-zoned garnet and phengite relicts with high Si contents (3.40 pfu). The increase of X_pyrope (from 0.02 to 0.08) towards the garnet rim and the decrease of Si (to 3.16) in phengite reflect decompression accompanied by heating to 580°C (1.1 GPa), followed by cooling to 570°C (0.9 GPa). In contrast, the migmatitic paragneiss underwent partial melting and subsequent P–T conditions of 610°C and 0.5 GPa. Thermal relaxation after crustal thickening deduced from the mica-schist is interpreted to be the result of collision as the microcontinent Chilenia was thrust under the western South American part of Gondwana. Mid-upper crustal P–T conditions of the migmatite reflect its location within the Gondwanan crust. Two populations of monazite Th–U–Pb ages in migmatites and schists of the Colohuincul Complex with weighted average peaks at 391.7 ± 4.0 Ma (2σ) and 350.4 ± 5.8 Ma (2σ) are ascribed to the collisional and a later retrograde event.     

班公湖—怒江缝合带东段八宿地区古生代地层碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄：物源分析及构造意义

八宿微陆块位于班公湖—怒江缝合带东部,其古生代地层的构造属性存在争议,有增生楔和微陆块两种观点。古生代地层（邦达组和错绒沟口组）岩性为板岩、千枚岩,夹灰岩、砂岩等岩块。本文对八宿地区邦达组和错绒沟口组进行了野外调查、砂岩镜下观察以及碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究,结果表明：1）地层中砂岩的地层最大沉积年龄为510.2±2.5 Ma,结合岩块中古生物化石、玄武岩和辉绿岩锆石年龄,其沉积时代初步限定为寒武纪—早石炭世。2）地层属于具有变质基底的微陆块,而不是增生楔。3）邦达组和错绒沟口组中碎屑锆石多为岩浆成因,测得U-Pb年龄可划分为650~500 Ma、1 200~700 Ma、1 850~1 550 Ma和2 600~2 400 Ma,表明物源区存在强烈的泛非期和格林威尔造山期构造岩浆事件。4）邦达组和错绒沟口组所在的微陆块与南羌塘地体具有相近的物源区,经历了相似的构造演化,属于冈瓦纳大陆的一部分。

     

甜水海岔路口地区早石炭世地层化石的发现和帕斯群的建立

在1:25万岔路口幅区域地质填图时,在原划中泥盆统落石沟组中采到了大量腕足、珊瑚类化石,经鉴定其成时代为早石炭世中期。该套地层可与西邻区域地层进行对比,对此新建下石炭统帕斯群。     

西昆仑东南构造样式及其对增生弧造山作用的意义

西昆仑东南甜水海地区表现为由东北往西南以麻扎-康西瓦冲断系、泉水沟冲断系、甜水海冲断系和南南西边缘盲冲断系而限定数个招皱-逆冲构造带或者褶皱构造带的构造格局构造变形样式总体上以向南逆冲的褶席和逆冲叠瓦扇为特征,以由东北往西南构造变形样式依次出现复式背形堆垛和叠瓦扇组合,到侏罗山式语皱构造带的变化其中用皱样式依次出现大型紧闭平卧卜倒转招皱、中尺度尖棱招皱和具圆筒状转折端的开阔格皱,而断层变化则由断层面产状几乎水平的多重复杂冲精席系到缓倾的顶板冲断层-底板冲断层组合样式到叠瓦扇冲断层．大地构造相分析表明研究区构造变形强度自北东向南西呈递减趋势,与库地一麻扎一带的增生楔杂岩可能组成了复杂的增生楔造山作用的增生楔和前陆招皱冲断带的复杂组合因此,研究区的构造格局并非简单的“塔什库尔干一甜水海地体”,而是复杂的增生弧造山带．