多剖面反算滑带土抗剪强度指标的研究

基于最小二乘原理,首先探讨了采用多个剖面反算滑带土综合抗剪强度指标的方法,其次,根据滑动带物质结构组成或是否受地下水侵蚀的不同,反算不同滑动段多种强度指标。以工程实例介绍了两种方法的应用,并以两种方法反算的强度指标进行滑坡推力计算,对结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,前者在简单小型滑坡治理设计计算中其精度仍是较为可靠的,而在大中型复杂滑坡治理设计计算中采用后者将更为合理和可靠。     

新疆伊犁河谷黄土滑坡冻融失稳机理研究

伊犁河谷地处中国天山山脉西段,属于典型的季节性冻土区,季节性冻融作用对斜坡稳定性影响强烈。本文以皮里青河"3.24"滑坡为例,通过现场详细调查、多期遥感影像动态比对、数值模拟等方法,研究了黄土滑坡冻融失稳机理与滑坡运动特征,得到以下几点认识:(1)滑坡失稳与水密切相关,一方面是地表水侵蚀作用,另一方面是地下水的冻融作用;(2)根据变形特征,将滑坡失稳过程分为坡脚侵蚀、冻结滞水和冻融循环破坏三个阶段,模拟结果表明,地下水水位上升导致孔隙水压力增大是滑坡冻融失稳的主要原因;(3)DAN-W数值模拟软件的Voellmy模型和Frictional模型可较好地模拟滑坡的运动堆积过程,模拟结果显示,滑坡历时12.8 s,最大运动速度17.7 m/s,平均堆积厚度4.9 m,运动距离139 m。本研究为伊犁河谷地区黄土冻融滑坡的早期识别与风险评估提供了重要的技术支撑。     

Quantitative assessment on the influence of heavy rainfall on the crystalline schist landslide by monitoring system -case study on Zentoku landslide, Japan

On Shikoku Island, which is one of the four main islands of Japan, a large number of large-scale crystalline schist landslides have been revealed and are being monitored by an observation system. Seasonal heavy rainfall is the most active meteorological factor that can threaten the stability of this kind of site-specific landslide. In this paper, on the basis of the study of the rainfall-related behavior of a typical crystalline schist landslide, the Zentoku landslide, by analyzing the precisely and continuously observed piezometric and movement data, a method was developed to quantitatively assess the effect of heavy rainfall on a large-scale landslide. The results indicated that heavy rainfall-induced landslide displacement shows good correlation with the variation of groundwater levels. Variations of groundwater level have been simulated with the use of a tank model. The simulation using this model permits the change in water levels for future rainfall events to be predicted. By combining the predicted results with the empirical relation between displacements and water levels, rainfall-induced landslide movement during extreme rainfall events can be estimated in advance. The effect of heavy rainfall on sliding behavior can be quantified in terms of the change in displacement. Thus warning information or advisories for the local residents can be provided.     

浙江青田某高切坡滑动破坏及对策

受暴雨及台风影响,青田某高切坡多次发生滑动破坏。本文分析得出该滑坡发生的原因在于①切坡形成过早,边坡裸露时间太久,支护未及时跟上;②暴雨作用;③斜坡本身结构特征;④地下水的高动水压力作用等。并且针对滑坡特征提出了一系列应急对策。因此具有一定理论和实际意义。     

甘肃G212线石阏子滑坡特征与演化机制

通过区域地质调查、大比例尺平面图测绘、滑坡微地貌和变形破坏特征测量、地球物理勘探等手段,对国道212线石阏子滑坡特征和形成演化机制进行了系统研究。研究成果表明,它并非是在洪积扇或泥石流基础上发育的滑坡,而是在区域性断裂带基础上,多次滑动形成的"立交桥"式特大型滑坡。研究结果为G212线石阏子滑坡稳定性评价和治理,以及为拟建的兰州-重庆-海口高速公路和兰渝铁路的选线和设计提供理论指导。     

平推式滑坡运动距离计算模型

平推式滑坡是四川盆地红层地区和三峡库区普遍存在的一类十分特殊的滑坡。多发育于近水平砂、泥岩互层的斜坡中,岩层倾角一般仅3°～5°,最陡者也不超过10°。基于平推式滑坡的地质力学模型及运动过程分析,利用能量守恒的原理推导了平推式滑坡运动距离的理论计算公式。进行了3组物理模型模拟试验,第Ⅰ组试验模拟滑坡后部裂缝在不同宽度及水头高度作用下滑坡体的运动距离,对推导的理论公式进行校验。通过对比分析认为,平推式滑坡前缘剪出口地下水排泄状态呈少量点状排泄时,滑坡基底扬压力分布形态整体上与矩形更加接近。为了进一步校验理论公式,进行了第Ⅱ组、第Ⅲ组试验,每组分别固定初始水头高度和初始裂缝宽度,模型设置了前缘整体渗水和完全堵塞两种情况。物理模拟试验验证了理论公式的可靠性和适用性。将理论公式应用于狮子山滑坡运动距离的计算,应用结果表明计算公式适用性良好。研究成果对平推式滑坡防治具有一定的指导意义。     

平推式滑坡中底滑面承压水渗流形式对其稳定性的影响

研究平推式滑坡中承压水渗流形式对滑坡稳定性的影响,有利于准确评价斜坡稳定性,对此类滑坡的成灾机制研究具有重要的理论指导意义。基于承压水渗流宽度变化规律,将平推式滑坡中底滑面承压水渗流形式分为辐射流和非辐射流。依据不同的渗流形式,构建了相应的平推式滑坡分析模型,结合地下水向河渠稳定运动相关理论,推导了不同模型中承压水的水头线方程和滑面上扬压力的计算公式,提出了扬压力的3种分布形式,并对平推式滑坡启动判据进行修正,最后结合滑坡实例分析了不同渗流形式对滑坡稳定性的影响规律。     

Investigation on the geological and geotechnical factors leading to a major slope failure at a selected site on a Jordanian highway

During and after the very wet 1991/1992 winter experienced in Jordan, significant slope failures occurred along several sections of the new Irbid-Amman highway in Jordan. The topography over most of the route is hilly, and significant amounts of cut and fill were used to construct the highway. One such slope failure lies at 44+800 km on the highway south of Jerash City at a distance of about 5.0 km from Wadi Zerqa bridge. A landslide occurred downslope of the highway embankment resulting in a collapse of the most of the gabbion wall supporting the embankment. This paper deals with the overall stability of the slope at 44+800 km. It presents the geological and geotechnical studies carried out at this site, identifies the causes and mechanism of instability, and presents appropriate remedial measures. The study concluded that the landslide movement occurred within the colluvium material. It resulted primarily from excess piezometric pressures generated within the slope as a direct consequence of inadequate drainage. It is recommended to reconstruct the entire gabbion wall with its foundation seated on the sandstone that underlies the colluvium and to install a surface drainage system at the site.     

基于H-P滤波法、ARIMA和VAR模型的库区滑坡位移综合预测

受库水位涨落及降雨等影响,库区滑坡位移表现出明显的周期性。基于位移时间序列分析,将滑坡监测位移分解为趋势项与周期项之和。趋势项反映滑坡变形的长期趋势,其主要受滑坡本身地质结构等因素影响。周期项反映滑坡变形的波动性,其主要受外部因素影响。以三峡库区巫山塔坪滑坡为例,考虑长江水位与降雨量影响,采用H-P滤波法从滑坡位移中分解出趋势项及周期项,利用差分自回归滑动平均模型（ARIMA）对趋势项进行平稳处理并计算趋势项预测值,利用向量自回归模型（VAR）计算周期项预测值。趋势项预测值与周期项预测值之和为滑坡位移预测值。与实际监测值及多种方法分析比较,表明综合预测所得结果能较好反映滑坡变形的趋势性和波动性,位移预测效果较好。     

江西省南康市横市镇双井路滑坡治理措施

对双井路滑坡勘查资料分析基础上,从双井路滑坡所处的地质环境条件、气象因素及遭受的人为因素特点,介绍了滑坡（地质灾害）体的地质结构,形成原因。认为该滑坡所在区地质构造条件复杂是滑坡形成的背景条件,乡镇居民建房大规模切坡是导致该滑坡发生的人为因素,长时间集中性暴雨是滑坡形成的主要诱发因素。并依据该滑坡的危险性大,提出采用削坡减载＋重力式挡墙与修建地表截、排水系统的治理方案。