Housing affordability and residential mobility as drivers of locational inequality

This paper applies established methods from population geography to assess the impact of Australia’s emerging housing affordability crisis in shaping the distribution of Australia’s population into more or less advantaged places. Using a whole of population measure of locational advantage/disadvantage, we analyse the characteristics of movers, their reasons for moving, and their pre and post move residential outcomes. We find evidence at the population level of a ‘two-speed’ process, where - on average - Australians are moving to slightly more advantageous locations, but more vulnerable groups undertake more frequent, multi-step moves to disadvantaged areas. Housing affordability is found to be the key driver of the selective migration of some Australians into less advantaged places. The paper highlights the dynamic character of places, the increasing importance of housing affordability as a determinant of population distribution, and signals a need to look beyond simple place-based interventions.     

Everyday space–time geographies: using mobile phone-based sensor data to monitor urban activity in Harbin,Paris, and Tallinn

This paper proposes a methodology for using mobile telephone-based sensor data for detecting spatial and temporal differences in everyday activities in cities. Mobile telephone-based sensor data has great applicability in developing urban monitoring tools and smart city solutions. The paper outlines methods for delineating indicator points of temporal events referenced as ‘midnight’, ‘morning start’, ‘midday’, and ‘duration of day’, which represent the mobile telephone usage of residents (what we call social time) rather than solar or standard time. Density maps by time quartiles were also utilized to test the versatility of this methodology and to analyze the spatial differences in cities. The methodology was tested with data from cities of Harbin (China), Paris (France), and Tallinn (Estonia). Results show that the developed methods have potential for measuring the distribution of temporal activities in cities and monitoring urban changes with georeferenced mobile phone data.     

Resistance to relocation in flood-vulnerable coastal areas: a proposed composite index

The increasing number of coastal floods in recent years in France has resulted in the design of new adaptation principles for the most endangered coastal areas. The aim of the government is to reduce the vulnerability of these areas by relocating property and infrastructure. These measures have, however, come up against considerable opposition from the population concerned. Using a survey of 421 inhabitants of Hyères, a coastal town in the South of France, this article proposes the study of resistance to relocation through the creation of an index for resistance that incorporates attachment to place, residential mobility and risk perception. The results show a correlation for the index and distance from the sea that highlights the existence of conflicting interests with adaptation measures depending upon population categories.

Key policy insights

• In France, although coastal flooding risk is a key issue in numerous populated coastal areas, coastal dwellers show little willingness to relocate.

• Resistance to relocation can be assessed through a composite index integrating place attachment, residential mobility and risk perception.

• Application of such an index shows a correlation between willingness to relocate and distance from the sea.

• Conflicts of interest with adaptation measures also depend on the age of the dwellers, their standard of living and on home ownership.

     

石英Ti/Ge-P:基于机器学习的矿床类型判别新图解SCIEI北大核心CSCD

石英的微量元素记录了石英生长的物理化学条件。通过微量元素对石英原岩进行分类的研究历史已久,经典工作是在以微量元素为坐标轴的图解上绘制各类型石英的分布范围,以区分石英类型。经典图解包括Rusk(2012)提出用于区分三种矿床类型石英的Al-Ti二元图解,和Schr9n et al.(1988)提出的用于判别不同岩浆岩类型石英的Ti-Al-Ge三元图解。越来越多的研究表明,上述图解不能满足对更多石英类型进行分类的需求,同时也出现与部分已知产状类型的石英微量元素判别相矛盾的情况。随着石英原位微区测试方法的成熟,高精度石英微量元素数据逐渐丰富为系统开展机器学习提供了大数据基础,为石英微量元素研究提供了新的角度和可能性。本研究运用机器学习分类方法对石英微量元素进行精确数学分析,提出Ti/Ge-P图解为石英成因研究提出新的地球化学指标。本文同时测试了六种经典机器学习分类算法,提高Ti/Ge-P图解在石英成因分类研究上的精度。此Ti/Ge-P图解适用于多种矿床研究,包括但不局限于斑岩型矿床、矽卡岩型矿床、浅成低温热液型矿床、卡林型矿床以及造山型矿床中的石英。这项工作是大数据技术与机器学习技术在地球化学研究中的积极探索。     

Labour mobility in the public sector: the impact of job opportunities

This paper investigates the mobility of highly skilled labour, using doctors in public hospitals in Denmark as an example. From the perspective of regional development, the concentration of human capital is one of the contributors to regional growth and consequently to inequality between places, being associated most often with differences in economic growth between regions. The decentralisation of highly skilled public jobs to even out the concentration of human capital could be one way to stimulate growth outside city regions. However, such initiatives are somewhat dependent upon the cooperation of the highly skilled public employees, whose preferences have been little studied thus far. Based on data from a survey of 1600 publicly employed doctors, PLUM regression modelling was applied to test the relative significance of four professional preferences influencing choice of workplace. It was found that professional preferences have different influences on doctors’ choices, depending on their place of residence measured in terms of a location’s population density. The paper concludes that opportunities in employment depend on one’s stage in life and can serve to explain choices and mobility among highly skilled public employees.     

松辽盆地北部白垩系青山口组不同赋存状态页岩油特征

通过对松辽盆地北部青山口组15个湖相页岩样品进行岩石矿物学、有机地球化学和储集空间特征分析,综合运用XRD、热解、分步热解、分步抽提和分步核磁测试等实验方法,以表征青山口组不同赋存状态页岩油含量、组成和分布特征,进一步探讨了滞留烃含量评价、生产潜力以及勘探制约因素与建议。此次研究得到以下认识：① 青山口组矿物组成较为均一,岩性主要为黏土质页岩,但以伊利石为主的黏土矿物特征有利于储层的压裂。有机质分布较为均一,TOC平均值为2. 41%。含油性好,油质轻、饱和烃含量和含油饱和度指数(OSI)高。② 页岩油的赋存状态被定义为在冷抽提和索氏抽提条件下从不同粒度中提取的游离油、游离- 吸附油和吸附油。游离油主要以轻质组分为主,吸附油的重质组分增多,较大孔隙以游离油为主,吸附油绝大部分分布在较小孔隙中。游离油与吸附油化学组成的变化,也揭示了石油排出微运移过程中的组分分馏效应,运移后的石油具有更高的饱和烃+芳烃含量、更小的分子量和更低的Pr/n- C17、Ph/n- C18值,指示更大的流动可能。③ 青山口组油质相对优越,但相对较高的黏土矿物含量是研究层段生产需要关注的制约因素。页岩油微运移后指示更大的生产可能,在该区未来一段时间勘探过程中可以尝试寻找油气运移汇聚区。     

中国省区经济增长空间分布动态

采用分布动态方法(MEDD), 从省区经济增长空间分布的形状和流动性两方面考察1978-2004 年中国省区经济增长空间分布的动态演进, 结果表明, 中国省区经济增长的空间分布形态经历多极化-收敛-双峰状的变化过程, 其中, 俱乐部收敛省区内部的经济发展差距由扩大到再次缩小, 俱乐部间的发展差距由缩小到再次扩大, 说明收敛俱乐部间的经济差距在扩大。1990 年后, 地区经济增长的活跃性提高; 转移概率矩阵、无条件和空间条件动态随机核估计及密度等高线图显示空间相互作用影响着省区经济增长未来的空间分布, 空间因素是影响地区经济增长分布的重要因素, 相邻地区经济增长互相依赖, 因地理位置临近所产生的空间溢出效应促使了相似经济水平地区的空间聚集。     

合作伙伴关系视角下的海外园区政策移动性研究——以泰中罗勇工业园为例

政策移动性是国际政治地理学研究的经典理论。作为包容性全球化和“一带一路”倡议重要空间载体的海外园区,是检验政策移动性理论框架的新兴空间载体。本文以泰中罗勇工业园为例,以合作伙伴为切入点,检验政策移动性理论在海外园区的适用性,并强调海外园区的政策移动性是渐进发展的过程,关键角色的合作伙伴关系对于政策移动性起着重要作用。本文系统分析了泰中罗勇工业园的制度背景、主体合作伙伴,甄别出国家、地方政府、主导企业等关键角色的合作伙伴关系及其在税收、土地、人才等要素政策移动性过程中的机制。在此基础上,提出未来“一带一路”建设中海外园区可持续发展的政策建议。     

城市的垂直流动：广州再领域化中的人地关系重构

流动性重塑了人地关系,地的再领域化过程可以视为一种跨阶层的垂直流动。20世纪80年代起,中国开始了撤县设区的行政区划调整,重塑了原有的城市行政结构体系。撤县设区是典型的城市的垂直流动过程。在这过程中,县城本地居民的身份政治,以及他们与县城、新城之间的关系亦随之改变。以广州为例,通过研究撤县设区中本地居民与领域空间的关系重构,进而探讨流动性背景下的人地关系变化。研究发现：对于本地居民而言,其身份政治在再领域化的过程中,从旧领域的多数群体转变为新领域的少数群体。这种转变导致本地居民排他策略的形成,并由此形成了新领域中的一个抵抗空间,重构了本地居民、旧领域和新领域之间的人地关系。研究城市的再领域化过程是对地理学探讨流动性的有效补充,有利于从地的视角更深入理解流动性的影响及意义。