利用地震面波和重力资料联合反演地壳—上地幔三维密度结构的方法探讨

本文探讨了利用地震面波和重力资料联合反演地壳－地幔三维密度结构的反演问题。首先建立了地震面波和重力资料的观测方程,然后应用广义线性反线理论给出了反演问题的解。模型试验结果表明,与单纯面波反演的结果相比,联合反演的解在分析率和方差两个方面都有改善,当加入扰动重力数据时,在０－３００ｋｍ深度范围内联合反演的结果明显好于单纯面波反演的结果。     

GPS网与常规网三维联合平差的一种简便模型

提出了GPS控制网与常规控制网三维联合平差时分别固定平面坐标与高程的简便方法,从而简化了三维联合平差的模型,并给出算例验证了模型。     

三峡库区水质数据时间序列分析预测研究

阐述了时间序列分析的概念、种类及分析方法,以三峡库区水质各指标的水期时间序列数据为研究对象,采用Holt-Winters时间序列预测模型进行了水质预测的试验研究.     

三峡水利枢纽主体工程施工控制测量

介绍了采用测边三角网和GPS静态测量实施三峡工程加密控制网的应用情况,阐述了随着光电测距精度的不断提高及水电施工环境的影响,采用测边网加测距三角高程网实施控制网加密是当前行之有效的一种好方法;此外,GPS测量以其限定条件少、操作简单、高自动化的内业处理等优点为施工控制测量开辟了一条新途径。     

长江三峡工程库区生态环境遥感动态监测

长江三峡工程库区人类活动频繁,生态系统脆弱,三峡工程对库区生态环境的影响一直是人们关注的焦点。运用遥感、地理 信息系统、全球卫星定位系统、计算机网络技术,采用DEM 、影像正射校正、多源影像数据融合、多层次信息提取等技术方法,对整 个库区20世纪80年代中期、90年代末期生态环境、草地资源进行了全面的动态监测,并在此基础上利用ArcGIS软件开发完成了“长江 三峡工程库区生态环境遥感动态监测GIS系统”。     

遥感技术在三峡库区千将坪滑坡研究中的应用

 2003年7月13日，三峡库区湖北省秭归县沙镇溪镇千将坪村发生特大型滑坡灾害后，利用先进的数字遥感技术，结合滑坡前 后的高分辨率的遥感数据、地形图资料和野外所测的GPS控制点，制作出研究区滑坡前后的数字高程模型(DEM)，同时采用合理的图 像处理技术，获得了滑坡前后正射影像图。利用三维可视化技术，采用人机交互解译滑坡，详细的对比解译滑坡前后的影像，分别 对滑体的滑动方向、距离和堆积体面积进行了定量计算，结合勘查资料估算出其体积约为1 500万方，综合地质学、灾害学原理和 地理空间信息技术等科学分析了千将坪滑坡的形成条件，认为千将坪在“7.13”滑坡之前为一特大型顺层古滑坡，而“7.13”滑坡 是古滑坡的大规模复活，三峡库区蓄水和降雨综合作用是促使滑坡复活的主要诱发因素。     

三峡库区DEM快速建立研究

结合数字摄影测量的理论,论述了利用全数字摄影测量方法建立三峡库区DEM的基本过程,就影像自动匹配窗口大小的设定、DEM编辑技巧和DEM精度评定等这些影响生产效率和质量的关键问题进行探讨。     

长江三峡GPS处理结果和应变背景场

采用Bernese GPS Software 4.2对长江三峡工程诱发地震监测系统GPS监测网络1998~2003年的6期观测数据进行了处理,结果表明,三峡库区与华南块体的水平相对运动在0~3mm/a(±0.1~±2.0mm/a);蓄水导致的垂直形变区域主要集中在茅坪香溪巴东库段,近岸点垂直沉降的量级在10~35mm左右,最大峰值区域香溪约35mm(±8.6mm),垂直形变沿远离库中心方向迅速衰减。采用贝塞尔双三次样条函数模型拟合该地区的应变率,推算各类水平应变场,结果表明,蓄水前各种应变背景在10^-9/a~10^-10/a量级。作为构造稳定地区,三峡库区近期因蓄水导致大规模形变,从而诱发中强地震的可能性不大。     

水库地震监测与预测技术研究项目实施情况

介绍了"水库地震监测与预测技术研究"项目在广东河源新丰江水库库区详细的实施情况,包括观测场址的勘选、台基测试、台站建设、仪器安装、数据处理等工作,总结了项目成功实施的经验。     

Reconstruction of Conceptual Prediction Model for the Three Rainfall Patterns in the summer of eastern China under global warming

With the influence of global warming,the global climate has undergone significant inter-decadal variation since the late 1970s.Although El Nio-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)has been the strongest signal for predicting global climate inter-annual variability,its relation with the summer rainfall in China has significantly changed,and its indicative function on the summer rainfall in China has weakened.This has led to a significant decrease in the accuracy rate of early conceptual prediction models for the Three Rainfall Patterns in the summer of eastern China.On the basis of the difference analysis of atmospheric circulation system configuration in summer,as well as the interaction of ocean and atmospheric in previous winter between two phases,i.e.before and after the significant global warming(1951 to 1978 and 1979 to 2012,respectively),we concluded that(1)Under different inter-decadal backgrounds,the atmospheric circulations that impacted the Three Rainfall Patterns in the summer of eastern China showed consistency,but in the latter phase of the global warming,the Western Pacific Subtropical High(WPSH)was on the strong side,the position of which was in the south,and the blocking high in the Eurasia mid-high latitudes was active,while the polar vortex extended to the south,and meridional circulation intensified.This circulation background may have been conducive to the increase of the circulation frequency of Patterns II and III,and the decrease of the circulation frequency of Pattern I,thus leading to more Patterns II and III and fewer Pattern I in the summer rainfall of eastern China.(2)In the former phase,the corresponding previous winter SST fields of different rainfall patterns showed visible differences.The impact of ENSO on North Pacific Oscillation(NPO)was great,and the identification ability of which on Patterns I and II of summer rainfall was effective.In the latter phase,this identification ability decreased,while the impact of ENSO on the Pacific/North American(PNA)teleconnection pattern increased,and the identification ability of the PNA on Patterns II and III also increased.Based on the new inter-decadal climate background,this study reconstructs the conceptual prediction model for the Three Rainfall Patterns in summer of eastern China by using the previous winter PNA and the Eurasian(EU)teleconnection indexes.The fitting effect was satisfying,though it is necessary to be further tested.