昆明市松华坝水源区表土磁学特征及其环境意义

采用环境磁学研究方法研究了昆明市松华坝水源区表土的磁学特征,结果表明,松华坝上游地区表土未受或很少受到污染,土壤磁化率偏低,土壤中的主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿,另外还含有少量弱磁性的磁黄铁矿和针铁矿。松华坝下游坝区土壤受到了一定程度的污染,污染表土的磁学特征表现为：高磁化率,磁化率与频率磁化率呈现较强的负相关,污染土壤中的主要载磁矿物为强磁性的磁铁矿。松华坝下游土壤污染主要局限于距水面2m的范围之内．污染物主兽来源干农业面源污染．     

长江三峡水库消落区保护利用研究

阐述了长江三峡水库消落区概况及其保护利用的意义和目的,分析了消落区存在的主要问题,提出了三峡水库消落区保护利用的相应对策：尽快编制消落区保护利用规划,有序开展保护利用工作;尽快建立完善消落区保护利用法规,依法开展其工作;及时研究消落区保护利用作中出现的新情况及重大问题,进行理论突破、政策创新和管理创新;尽快开展消落区保护利用的科研工作,寻求科技支撑,提高其保护利用效益。     

三峡库区泥灰质岩石溶蚀作用的微观研究

泥灰质岩石的岩溶,特别是溶蚀作用研究是岩溶研究的一个薄弱环节,同时又是揭示泥灰质风化岩及残坡积类膨胀 土工程特性和成因的关键。通过对三峡库区三叠系巴东组(T2b)不同溶蚀程度泥灰质岩石样品的扫描电镜图象分析,发现泥 灰质岩石的溶蚀作用导致岩石微观结构变化,这种变化可因溶孔形成使岩石力学强度降低,或大量溶孔或残积土变形引起地 面不均匀沉降、地裂缝、滑坡、崩塌和岩溶塌陷等地质灾害的发生。     

三峡库区滑坡的时空分布特征与成因探讨

三峡库区地质灾害频繁发生,地质历史上大型滑坡广泛发育。近年库区滑坡灾害有逐年增加趋势。这些滑坡形成的堆积体成因复杂,不能单纯从传统的外动力或内动力作用来解释,给库区灾害的防治工程带来了很大困难。三峡库区大型古滑坡主要沿长江干流和支流的深切河谷两岸分布,与河流发育演化史密切相关。15万年以来,长江三峡地区经历了新构造期以来抬升速率最快的一次构造幕,山原期夷平面上升了100m,河流强烈下切,形成高陡岸坡,卸荷效应显著;同时,该时期三峡地区的气候受到青藏高原环境变化的影响,在间冰期可能存在相似的暖湿古气候环境,降水极为丰富。三峡库区的大型古滑坡在新构造快速抬升时期广泛发育,并且与暖湿多雨期相对应,表明库区滑坡的发育演化是新构造运动和气候变化内外动力耦合作用的结果。     

应用GPS对向家沟滑坡稳定性进行分析

通过对巫山县向家沟滑坡监测系统现阶段GPS监测数据的分析,对向家沟滑坡的稳定性作简要评价——该滑坡目前已经出现细微的形变,从微小的形变量和曲线发展的不显著特征以及结合宏观巡视来看,判定该滑坡变形处于蠕滑变形阶段。     

Early oligocene squalodont cetacean from Oamaru,New Zealand

Records of Tertiary fossil cetacea from New Zealand are revised. Probable proto‐squalodontid teeth from the McDonald Limestone Formation (Whaingaroan Stage, Lower Oligocene), Oamaru, are described, and represent the oldest cetacean remains found in New Zealand. This record demonstrates the probable extension of the Squalodontidae into the Lower Oligocene.     

Coseismic responses of groundwater levels in the Three Gorges well-network to the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake

We systematically analyze coseismic responses and post-seismic characteristics of groundwater levels in the Three Gorges well-network to the M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008. The results indicate that these characteristics differ among wells. On the conditions of similar borehole configurations, the differences are associated with geological structural sites of wells, burial types of aquifers monitored, and transmissivities of aquifer systems. We explored coseismic and post-seismic step-rise and step-drop mechanical mechanisms and their implication to earthquake prediction. We validated the inference that the residual step-rise zone is a possible earthquake risk zone based on recent seismic activity on the Xiannüshan fault in the area.     

江汉平原沉积物重矿物特征及其对三峡贯通的指示

江汉平原是长江穿过三峡区的第一个大型卸载盆地, 其沉积物必然反映长江流经的物源区的物源特征.通过对盆地中心周老孔第四纪岩心的重砂样品中0.125~0.063mm粒级的重矿物含量变化、ATi、GZi、ZTR指数和重矿物组合分析, 发现从钻孔岩心深度110m开始向上, 水动力条件加强, 沉积速率加快, 重矿物的数量特征发生明显突变, 特征矿物的组合与现代长江相同.表明在周老孔岩心深度110m (古地磁年龄1.1Ma左右) 位置处, 长江三峡开始贯通, 江汉平原开始接纳长江带来的三峡上游的物质.      

Seasonal variations of sediment discharge from the Yangtze River before and after impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam

Over the past decades, > 50,000 dams and reforestation on the Yangtze River (Changjiang) have had little impact on water discharge but have drastically altered annual and particularly seasonal sediment discharge. Before impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) in June 2003, annual sediment discharge had decreased by 60%, and the hysteresis of seasonal rating curves in the upper reaches at Yichang station had shifted from clockwise to counterclockwise. In addition, the river channel in middle-lower reaches had changed from depositional to erosional in 2002.During the four years (2003–2006) after TGD impoundment, ~ 60% of sediment entering the Three Gorges Reservoir was trapped, primarily during the high-discharge months (June–September). Although periodic sediment deposition continues downstream of the TGD, during most months substantial erosion has occurred, supplying ~ 70 million tons per year (Mt/y) of channel-derived sediment to the lower reaches of the river. If sand extraction (~ 40 Mt/y) is taken into consideration, the river channel loses a total of 110 Mt/y. During the extreme drought year 2006, sediment discharge in the upper reaches drastically decreased to 9 Mt (only 2% of its 1950–1960s level) because of decreased water discharge and TGD trapping. In addition, Dongting Lake in the middle reaches, for the first time, changed from trapping net sediment from the mainstem to supplying 14 Mt net sediment to the mainstem. Severe channel erosion and drastic sediment decline have put considerable pressure on the Yangtze coastal areas and East China Sea.