河东煤田地史—热史模拟与煤变质演化

河东煤田是华北石炭二叠纪重要煤田之一．本文采用盆地数值模拟方法,建立了煤田地史一热史模型,恢复了煤变质演化历程,总结出煤级分布规律。     

大别山东、北段热量资源短期考察资料的序列延长

本文根据三个月的短期气温资,利用自然止交函数展开和最小二乘方法按不同季节分别对大别山东段和北段的气温资料进行延长,得到了该地区一年内的旬平均气温,其相对误差在4.1%—13.9%之间。     

A simple relationship between isothermal bulk modulus and thermal pressure for geophysical minerals

The variations in isothermal bulk modulus with an increase in temperature are found to be related linearly with the change in thermal pressure for geophysical minerals, such as MgO, CaO, Al₂O₃, MgAl₂O₄ and Mg₂SiO₄. Analysis of the relationship yields a value of the Anderson–Gruneisen parameter for each mineral in close agreement with known values. An important finding of the present study is the derivation of an isobaric equation of state representing the relationship between volume and temperature at ambient pressure. This equation for isobaric volume expansion looks like the Birch equation for isothermal compression. The calculated values of volume expansion for the minerals at high temperatures present close agreement with the available experimental data. The formulation developed in the present study has also been used to predict the volumes at simultaneously elevated temperatures and pressures for CaSiO₃ perovskite and NaCl minerals, in good agreement with the experimental values.     

北京平原区西北部大地热流与深部地温分布特征

北京平原区蕴藏着丰富的中-低温水热型地热资源,其西北部分布着小汤山地热田和京西北地热田,两大地热田以南口—孙河断裂带为界.地热田及其外围地区基础的地热地质研究工作较少.为给地热学研究和地热资源精细勘探提供科学依据,本文基于前人23眼钻孔的温度测量数据以及近期完成的548件热导率和100件放射性生热率实测数据,研究了区域大地热流和0~4 km深部地温特征.结果表明：（1）研究区现今地温梯度为11.31~94.89℃·km^-1,平均值为31.79℃·km^-1;岩石热导率为0.895~5.111 W·（m·K）^-1,放射性生热率为0.257~2.305 μW·m^-3,大地热流为48.1~99.1 mW·m^-2,平均值为68.3 mW·m^-2,热流的分布受基底形态和断裂构造控制.研究区东部南口—孙河断裂带两侧小汤山和郑各庄地区为高热流异常区,中部马池口地区也存在局部高热流异常区.（2）在南口—孙河断裂带的不同位置,不同深度地层温度差异明显,体现出区域现今地温场不只受控于该活动断裂,更是多期次构造事件复合叠加的结果.（3）南口—孙河断裂带南侧存在两处有意义的较高地温异常区,分别为郑各庄异常区和马池口异常区,其中马池口异常区是未来地热开发利用有一定潜力的地区.

     

南岭高分异花岗岩成岩与成矿

南岭是我国花岗岩研究程度最高的地区。特别是由于这一地区花岗岩与钨、锡、铌、钽、锆、铪、铜、钼、铅、锌、银、铋、锑、铀、锂、铍、稀土等金属成矿作用关系密切而受到国内外学术界关注。一般认为,南岭花岗岩及相关的成矿作用与花岗岩浆的高度结晶分异作用有关,但高分异作用发生的原因却并不明确。本文通过详细梳理南岭中生代燕山早期花岗岩的特征提出,这些花岗岩的结晶分异作用表现为岩浆房内晶粥体和残留岩浆的长期不断分凝。区内大面积的粗粒似斑状花岗岩为岩浆房早期结晶的堆晶体（主体）,而晚期细粒花岗岩则为残留的高硅熔体（补体）。岩浆房发生充分结晶分异作用受控于两个因素：其一是岩浆房自身在演化过程中不断受到来自深部热的补给,使岩浆房内富含金属元素的残留熔体不断发生抽离,并向上运移。花岗岩体顶端的伟晶岩壳是保证抽离的熔体在近封闭环境下不断发生分异的另一个重要因素。这些特征使得南岭花岗岩的分异机制明显有别于喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩,后者以沿大型拆离断层就位并发生分异结晶为主要机制,两者可分别归类为热驱动分异和构造驱动分异类型,构成高分异花岗岩发生的两大重要机制。未来应结合锂资源的国家重大战略需求,对南岭地区高分异花岗岩,特别是晚期钨锡铌钽成矿花岗岩展开全面检查与评价,着重研究铁锂云母花岗岩及云英岩的岩石序列、矿物演变、金属元素富集和岩浆储存机制等,使南岭花岗岩与成矿作用研究再上新台阶。

     

MDD模式应用中若干问题的讨论Ⅱ——活化能选取的重要性

活化能取值在ＭＤＤ模式中对冷却曲线的温度有较大的影响,其影响度大约为７～８℃／ｋｃａｌ·ｍｏｌ－１,但它并不改变冷却曲线的形状。导致活化能取值偏低的影响因素包括低温阶段的加热时间、Ｋ－长石的纯度和部分斜长石、石英的混入等     

Simulation of heat transfer performance using middle-deep coaxial borehole heat exchangers by FEFLOW

Due to its large heat transfer area and stable thermal performance,the middle-deep coaxial borehole heat exchanger (CBHE) has become one of the emerging technologies to extract geothermal energy. In this paper,a numerical modeling on a three-dimensional unsteady heat transfer model of a CBHE was conducted by using software FEFLOW,in which the model simulation was compared with the other studies and was validated with experimental data. On this basis,a further simulation was done in respect of assessing the influencing factors of thermal extraction performance and thermal influence radius of the CBHE. The results show that the outlet temperature of the heat exchanger decreases rapidly at the initial stage,and then tended to be stable; and the thermal influence radius increases with the increase of borehole depth. The heat extraction rate of the borehole increases linearly with the geothermal gradient. Rock heat capacity has limited impact on the heat extraction rate,but has a great influence on the thermal influence radius of the CBHE. When there is groundwater flow in the reservoir,the increase of groundwater velocity will result in the rise of both outlet temperature and heat extraction rate. The heat affected zone extends along with the groundwater flow direction; and its influence radius is increasing along with flow velocity. In addition,the material of the inner pipe has a significant effect on the heat loss in the pipe,so it is recommended that the material with low thermal conductivity should be used if possible.     

Transport properties of low-sanidine single-crystals, glasses and melts at high temperature

Thermal diffusivity (D) was measured using laser-flash analysis from oriented single-crystal low-sanidine (K_0.92Na_0.08Al_0.99Fe³⁺ _0.005Si_2.95O₈), and three glasses near KAlSi₃O₈. Viscosity measurements of the three supercooled liquids, in the range 10^6.8 to 10^12.3 Pa s, confirm near-Arrhenian behavior, varying subtly with composition. For crystal and glass, D decreases with T, approaching a constant near 1,000 K: D _sat ∼ 0.65 ± 0.3 mm² s⁻¹ for bulk crystal and ∼0.53 ± 0.03 mm² s⁻¹ for the glass. A rapid decrease near 1,400 K is consistent with crossing the glass transition. Melt behavior is approximated by D = 0.475 ± 0.01 mm² s⁻¹. Thermal conductivity (k _lat) of glass, calculated using previous heat capacity (C _P) and new density data, increases with T because C _P strongly increases with T. For melt, k _lat reaches a plateau near 1.45 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, and is always below k _lat of the crystal. Melting of potassium feldspars impedes heat transport, providing positive thermal feedback that may promote further melting in continental crust.     

Thermal infrared imaging of the temporal variability in stomatal conductance for fruit trees

Repeated measurements using thermal infrared remote sensing were used to characterize the change in canopy temperature over time and factors that influenced this change on ‘Conference’ pear trees (Pyrus communis L.). Three different types of sensors were used, a leaf porometer to measure leaf stomatal conductance, a thermal infrared camera to measure the canopy temperature and a meteorological sensor to measure weather variables. Stomatal conductance of water stressed pear was significantly lower than in the control group 9 days after stress began. This decrease in stomatal conductance reduced transpiration, reducing evaporative cooling that increased canopy temperature. Using thermal infrared imaging with wavelengths between 7.5 and13 μm, the first significant difference was measured 18 days after stress began. A second order derivative described the average rate of change of the difference between the stress treatment and control group. The average rate of change for stomatal conductance was 0.06 (mmol m⁻² s⁻¹) and for canopy temperature was −0.04 (°C) with respect to days. Thermal infrared remote sensing and data analysis presented in this study demonstrated that the differences in canopy temperatures between the water stress and control treatment due to stomata regulation can be validated.