Imaging spectroscopy in soil-water based site suitability assessment for artificial regeneration to Scots pine

In a humid northern boreal climate, the success rate of artificial regeneration to Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) can be improved by including a soil water content (SWC) based assessment of site suitability in the reforestation planning process. This paper introduces an application of airborne visible-near-infrared imaging spectroscopic data to identify suitable subregions of forest compartments for the low SWC-tolerant Scots pine. The spatial patterns of understorey plant species communities, recorded by the AISA (Airborne Imaging Spectrometer for Applications) sensor, were demonstrated to be dependant on the underlying SWC. According to the nonmetric multidimensional scaling and correlation results twelve understorey species were found to be most abundant on sites with high soil SWCs. The abundance of bare soil, rocks and abundance of more than ten species indicated low soil SWCs. The spatial patterns of understorey are attributed to time-stability of the underlying SWC patterns. A supervised artificial neural network (radial basis functional link network, probabilistic neural network) approach was taken to classify AISA imaging spectrometer data with dielectric (as a measure volumetric SWC) ground referencing into regimes suitable and unsuitable for Scots pine. The accuracy assessment with receiver operating characteristics curves demonstrated a maximum of 74.1% area under the curve values which indicated moderate success of the NN modelling. The results signified the importance of the training set’s quality, adequate quantity (>2.43 points/ha) and NN algorithm selection over the NN algorithm training parameter optimization to perfection. This methodology for the analysis of site suitability of Scots pine can be recommended, especially when artificial regeneration of former mixed wood Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) - downy birch (Betula pubenscens Ehrh.) stands is being considered, so that artificially regenerated areas to Scots pine can be optimized for forestry purposes.     

用神舟三号中分辨率成像光谱仪数据反演大气水汽

2002年3月中国神舟三号飞船发射成功，所携带的中分辨率成像光谱仪获取了一批940nm波段的遥感数据。本文用其中的部分资料做了反演水汽的试验，给出一些结果和分析。     

鄱阳湖富营养化高光谱遥感监测模型初探

基于对光谱反射率与水质参数的相关分析,分别选取特征波长建立水质参数高光谱估测模型。结合修正营养状态指数,对湖泊的富营养化程度进行了监测和评价。结果表明:①总氮、总磷含量和透明度值的高光谱估测模型效果较理想;②单项指数评价水体富营养化水平其结果存在较大差异,综合考虑多个指标,计算营养指数的平均值,可以对富营养化程度进行正确的评价;③由于悬浮物浓度变化较大,掩盖了水体的叶绿素a信息,以致叶绿素a估测模型不具有通用性,为了完善叶绿素a浓度估测模型需要获得大范围、多季节的光谱数据,以便建立更有代表性和通用性的模型;④评价结果显示,鄱阳湖呈现轻度到中度富营养化状态,需要采取有力的保护措施防止进一步恶化。     

Impact of missing flow on active inundation areas and transformation of parafluvial wetlands in Punarbhaba–Tangon river basin of Indo-Bangladesh

Punarbhaba river of Indo-Bangladesh has experienced hydro-ecological alteration after installation of Komardanga dam in 1992 and consequently wetland and inundation areas have undergone into transformation. The present work intends to explore the impact of flow attenuation on contemporary and upcoming flood extent and flood plain wetlands. In post-dam condition, average and maximum flows are attenuated by 36 and 41%, respectively, and as a result the active flood prone area is squeezed considerably by 39.72%. Average flood water depth is also reduced by 37.87% (4.45metre) after flow modification. Due to shrinkages of flood prone areas, wetland area is also reduced from 215.70 to 90.40 km² and larger part of the present wetland area is under stress and critical state. Predicted flood prone areas in next 25 years will be 328.91 km² and consequently 65.63 km² wetland areas may further be under hydro-ecological threats. Release of ecological flow is essential to restore and preserve the wetland.     

基于LiDAR数据和航空影像的水体自动提取

提出将LiDAR数据对水体的敏感性与航空影像的高分辨率特征相结合的水体自动提取方法。利用SIFT算法对LiDAR强度图像和航空影像进行配准,在LiDAR高程图像上提取无回波信号的黑色区域,构建几何约束条件,排除由遮挡产生的无效区域;将水体初始位置映射到航空影像上,结合边缘信息进行区域生长,并对生长区域进行数学形态学运算,最终获取水体区域。实验结果表明,该方法可以获得很好的水体提取效果。     

基于LBV变换的TM数据水体提取新方法

TM数据经典水体提取方法存在对细小水体的漏判和对山体阴影的误判两方面缺陷。本文基于LBV变换提出了B分量阈值法和LBV关系法两种新的水体提取方法。实验结果表明:两种新方法的漏分精度分别为2.54%、2.73%,误分精度分别为15.71%、13.39%,整体提取效果优于经典方法。     

基于ArcEngine的土地利用数据研究

作为土地资源调查工作主要成果的土地利用现状图,主要为反映土地利用的特点和利用的合理程度,改良土地利用方式并进一步挖掘土地潜力提供科学依据。目前土地利用数据由大比例尺向中小比例尺转换工作主要由手工操作或是基于商用软件包进行;由于手工操作环节多,工作量大、所耗周期长、技术性强、作业人员的干扰因素多,较易产生误差和错误;而商用软件包在进行土地利用数据制图综合的过程中则缺乏相关的知识规则。本文以此问题为出发点进行研究,结合土地利用数据制图综合理论体系,在ArcEngine环境下对土地利用制图综合规则及操作进行开发,生成土地利用数据制图综合模块;利用实例数据对土地利用数据制图综合模块的功能进行检验,实验结果显著地克服了手工操作中的缺点,并使综合制图的自动化体系得到完善。     

方差-协方差分量估计公式等价性的进一步证明

通过附有条件的间接平差模型进一步证明各类方差-协方差分量估计公式之间的等价性。     

基于地名首字母模糊查询的关键技术研究

根据地名信息的特点,提出一种基于地名首字母的模糊查询方法。采用Access数据库,结合微软自带的字库实现了地名首字母的提取与入库,特别是解决了多音字在首字母提取及入库时的处理,并提供了一种文件批量输入的方法,实现了基于地名首字母的模糊查询。设计开发的地名查询系统,使用简单,效率也得到了极大的提高,可以获取对应的地理位置,为后继GIS系统开发提供方便。     

顾及拓扑一致性的水系三维曲线化简

鉴于常规曲线化简方法应用于水系曲线化简时难以顾及水系要素的三维特征及其拓扑关系,本文提出了一种顾及拓扑一致性的水系三维曲线化简方法。该方法首先对D-P算法进行三维扩展,实现水系中单条河流三维曲线化简,然后构建水系树结构表达其拓扑关系,最后按照水系树的层次顺序依次进行河流曲线化简和干流与支流的拓扑关系重构。试验结果表明,该方法化简精度高,既能保持水系的三维形态特征,又能保证河流交汇处的拓扑一致性。