四川绿水洞井田煤层稳定性探采对比及其影响因素探讨

绿水洞井田可采煤层为龙潭组一段的K1煤层,通过煤层稳定性探采对比及其影响因素的探讨,认为地质勘查阶段在确定煤层稳定性时,应当剔除因褶皱、断层和陷落柱等因素引起煤厚突变的地质点。通过大量地质资料分析了影响矿区煤层稳定性的因素,认为褶皱在侧压力及垂直压力作用下分别导致褶皱核部煤层增厚和变薄;正断层和逆断层分别导致其附近煤层变薄和增厚;陷落柱多使其附近煤层变薄。勘查阶段煤层稳定性的合理确定为煤矿合理布置采掘巷道和选择合理的采煤方法都具有一定的实际意义。     

信息高速公路数据接入技术及对我院校园网规划的设想

全面介绍了现代信息高速公路中的各种数据接入技术及其发展状况,并对我院校园网数据接入提出了一些设想。     

非稀释剂法电感耦合等离子体质谱测定磷灰石中铀钍钐同位素的含量

准确测定238U、232Th、147Sm同位素含量是磷灰石(U-Th)/He同位素定年方法的关键。本文建立了非稀释剂法电感耦合等离子体质谱测定磷灰石中238U、232Th和147Sm同位素含量的测定流程。该方法假定样品中的238 U、232 Th和147 Sm同位素丰度与其自然丰度是一致的,根据238 U、232 Th和147 Sm同位素的自然丰度和测得的样品中总的U、Th和Sm的含量得到样品中238U、232Th和147Sm同位素的含量。对国内玄武岩标准物质和(U-Th)/He定年法的年龄标准物质Durango磷灰石进行了总U、Th、Sm含量的测试,验证流程的可行性,结果表明玄武岩标准物质的测定值与标准值在误差范围内一致,经计算得到该磷灰石的(U-Th)/He年龄为30.0 Ma,与文献获得的该磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄(31.02±1.01)Ma(1σ)在误差范围内一致,表明本文建立的238U、232Th和147Sm同位素含量的测定流程是可行的。对于没有稀释剂的实验室,该方法简单适用,值得推广应用。     

Geochemical and isotopic evidence for the age,orogenic setting and petrogenesis of the Nychum Volcanic association,North Queensland

Rb‐Sr and K‐Ar age determinations agree with palaeobotanical evidence in assigning an age of 270 Ma (Lower Permian) to the Nychum Volcanics, North Queensland. Geological and geochemical evidence (moderate ‐REE, La/Yb, Th, Zr/Y, Hf/Yb, Sc/Ni) indicate that the volcanics were erupted on a thin, active continental margin. Five magma groups are present: high‐alumina basalts, andesite‐dacites, acid rocks, tholeiitic andesites, and pitchstone with a high La/Yb ratio. The high‐alumina basalts and calc‐alkaline andesites have a parent‐daughter (source rock‐partial melt) relationship. The acid rocks share high HREE, Zr, Hf, Zn, Sc, Fe/Mg and low Al with, and may be fractionated from, the tholeiitic subduction‐zone andesites. Low‐pressure fractional crystallisation is evident in all five magma groups.     

硅藻土、石英砂和钾离子促进微生物转化酸性矿山废水中亚铁成次生矿物的研究

嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)能够在低pH值条件下,迅速将Fe2+氧化并产生大量次生羟基硫酸铁沉淀,从而除去水中可溶性Fe2+。这为富含Fe2+的酸性矿山废水(acid mine drainage,AMD)处理提供了新的思路。本文从晶种刺激和阳离子诱导两个方面,分别研究了固定化载体(硅藻土、石英砂)和具有强诱导能力的成矾离子(K+)对微生物转化酸性体系中Fe2+成次生矿物的影响。结果表明,3种材料均有明显促进可溶性Fe2+向次生矿物转化的作用,且总铁(TFe)沉淀率与3种材料的添加量呈正相关关系。在起始Fe2+浓度为160mmol/L,硅藻土、石英砂和钾离子最大添加量分别为10 g、10 g和80 mmol/L时,经过72 h反应后,TFe沉淀率分别比对照增加了8%、24%和20%。矿物中的Fe、K和S元素含量与溶液中的起始K+浓度有非常密切的关系,随着K+浓度的增大,矿物中的K和S含量逐渐增加,而Fe含量则相应减少。     

Some Pertinent Features of Mo‐Mineralized Granitoids in the Circum‐Pacific Region

Petrological characteristics of granitic rocks related to the world large molybdenum deposits are studied. The granitoids are evaluated by Fe₂O₃+TiO₂‐FeO+MnO‐MgO diagrams, and found to all plot to the magnetite‐series field. They are all high silica and high‐K series, but not A‐type, except for the Climax‐type porphyries and some others in the Colorado mineral belt. By‐product molybdenum contained in porphyry copper deposits, lower grade but huge tonnage, occurs with calc‐alkaline I‐type magnetite‐series granodiorite and monzogranite. Felsic intrusive rocks of the Climax mine are A‐type and are exceptionally high in trace elements such as F and Rb, which are generally enriched with W and Sn‐related granitoids that originated in crustal source rocks. The by‐product molybdenites in porphyry copper deposits appear to originate in adakitic granodiorite or monzogranite, having deep origins with the subducted slab or thickened juvenile mafic lower crust. Therefore, there is no single magma type but the magnetite series, which concentrates a large volume of molybdenum in the ore deposits.     

Cave bear occupation in Schwabenreith Cave,Austria, during the early last glacial: constraints from 230Th/U‐dated speleothems

The cave bear was a prominent member of the Upper Pleistocene fauna in Eurasia. While breakthroughs were recently achieved with respect to its phylogeny using ancient DNA techniques, it is still challenging to date cave bear fossils beyond the radiocarbon age range. Without an accurate and precise chronological framework, however, key questions regarding the palaeoecology cannot be addressed, such as the extent to which large climate swings during the last glacial affected the habitat and possibly even conditioned the final extinction of this mammal. Key to constraining the age of cave bear fossils older than the lower limit of radiocarbon dating is to date interlayered speleothems using ²³⁰Th/U. Here we report new results from one such site in the Eastern European Alps (Schwabenreith Cave), which yielded the highest density of bones of cave bear (Ursus spelaeus eremus). Although dating of the flowstones overlying this fossiliferous succession was partly compromised by diagenetic alteration, the ²³⁰Th/U dates indicate that the bear hibernated in this cave after about 113 ka and before about 109 ka. This time interval coincides with the equivalent of Greenland Stadial 25, suggesting possible climate control on the cave bear's habitat and behaviour. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Quaternary Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd     

矾山磷铁矿床稀土元素地球化学特征

矾山磷铁矿床赋存于矾山杂岩体内 ,呈层状产出 ,是由深源富钾铁镁质岩浆演化而形成的晚期矿床。矾山杂岩体由三期侵入岩和脉岩组成 ,矿床产于第一期侵入岩中。第一期侵入岩较其它期次侵入岩REE含量高 ,按辉石岩—黑云母辉石岩—磷灰石岩的顺序增加。矿床稀土元素地球化学特征及主要元素含量表明 :在岩桨演化晚期 ,在贫硅和缺少足够“Ca2 +”的条件下 ,稀土元素极易代替“Ca2 +”而进入磷灰石晶格形成补尝类质同象。这对于研究矿床形成的物理化学环境和岩桨的演化具有重要意义。     

Geochemical (process based) characterization of groundwater along the KT boundary of South India

A study has been carried out in KT (Cretaceous-Tertiary) boundary along the contact zones of hard rock, limestone and sedimentary formations to discern the geochemical processes governing the groundwater chemistry. A total of sixty-three groundwater samples were collected from the handpumps covering the entire study area and measured for hydrochemical species. Principal component analysis of the hydrochemical data inferred three major processes governing the geochemistry of the groundwater of the region as leaching, ion exchange and weathering. It was also inferred that there are few samples depicting the mixtures of these processes (what are they mention it) and few samples not representing any of these processes with adequate statistical significance. Hence, in order to know the geochemical behaviour of the samples representing each process, their combinations along with the samples which are not- representative samples of these processes were inferred using various standards plots to get an insight into their geochemical characteristics and affinity. This also inferred the samples representing different processes have a significant signature of geochemical facies. The major ions and the stable isotopes of groundwater were used to understand these processes. The carbonate and sulphate saturation states of these samples were calculated by PHREEQC and compared with major variations with the identified three geochemical processes. The state of saturation of Halite, Anhydrite, Gypsum, Aragonite, Dolomite, Calcite, Talc and Chrysolite were determined in all the samples. Inverse modeling was carried out considering the non-representative samples as initial solution and the samples representing each factor as final solution to understand the phase mole transfer in each process. An attempt was also made in this study to compare the geochemical behaviour of groundwaters from different KT boundaries. The samples representing these processes were plotted on an integrated map representing lithology, lineaments, drainage and elevation to determine their interrelationships. The study groups the samples into anthropogenic or geogenic. The leaching process is controlled by lithology and landuse, ion exchange processes is influenced by lithology and drainage patterns whereas weathering processes were controlled by lithology, drainage and lineaments. Non representation of samples (NRS) were mainly controlled by drainage and lineaments of the region.     

新型静止侧压力系数试验仪的研制与应用

研制了一种新型静止侧压力系数试验仪,介绍了该仪器结构及工作原理。对干砂进行了试验,测定其静止侧压力系数,与传统的水囊式 固结仪试验结果进行了对比。分析了该试验仪的可能误差来源,主要包括加载过程中的试样侧向变形和试样与压力室筒壁之间的摩擦力,具体分析了试样侧向变形引起 值误差的大小,提出了摩擦力影响修正方法,充分论证了仪器的准确性和有效性。对某粗颗粒土进行了静止侧压力系数试验,测定了该土在加载及卸载条件下 随应力状态的变化,验证了仪器对粗颗粒土的适用性。该仪器结构简单,操作方便,结果准确,适用于包括粗颗粒土在内的各种土的 试验,克服了现有的静止侧压力系数试验仪不适用于粗颗粒土的缺陷,而且适用高应力范围。