Magnetotelluric survey across Singhbhum granite batholith

Magnetotelluric soundings have been carried out across the archaean terrain of Singhbhum granite batholith from Bangriposhi to Keonjhar for a distance of about 100 km. One-dimensional inversion models reveal that the depth of the moho varied between 23 and 40 km. The depth of the lithosphere asthenosphere boundary varied from 58 to 76 km. A zone of higher electrical conductivity detected at the base of the lower crust just above the moho is present along the entire profile. Signals within the range of 0.25 to 600 seconds, which crossed the coherency threshold of 0.8 to 0.9, could be stacked. Resistivity ranges of the crust mantle silicates below Singhbhum granite batholith vary over a wide range. Resistivity ranges are (i) 30,000–80,000 ohm for Singhbhum granite phase II, (ii) 2,000 to 9,000 ohm-m for Singhbhum granite phase III, (iii) 250 to 2,200 ohm-m for lower crust (iv) 3,000 to 47,000 ohm for the upper mantle and (v) 200 to 2300 ohm-m for the asthenosphere. Sharp break in electrical resistivity at the (i) upper crust-lower crust (ii) lower crust upper mantle and (iii) lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary is obtained along the entire profile. Signals could see up to 100 km below the granite batholith. Singhbhum granite phase II and III could be demarcated on the basis of resistivity. Low resistive zones in the lower crust and upper mantle might have formed due to (i) water (ii) combined effect of water and carbon and (iii) high temperature and partial melt.     

Geochemistry and geochronology of the rapakivi granites and associated rocks in the midwest portion of the Serra da Providência composite batholith,SW of Amazonian craton,Rondônia,Brazil

The Serra da Providência batholith includes the type area of the homonymous suite, the oldest rapakivi magmatic assemblage in the SW of the Amazonian craton (1.60–1.53 Ga). In the midwest portion of this massif, besides wiborgites/pyterlites and granophyric syenogranites, a leucosyenogranite facies and porphyritic rhyolites constitute new rock varieties recently described in that area. UPb LA-MC-ICP-MS zircon ages of 1574 ± 9 Ma and 1604 ± 3 Ma, respectively, were obtained for these new varieties and confirm their link with the Serra da Providência magmatism, whereas the subvolcanic rocks are older than the main rock varieties and were formed in a precursor event. These granitic facies are metaluminous to peraluminous, alkali-calcic, A2-type, ferroan granites. Their FeOt/(FeOt + MgO) ratios vary from 0.83 to 0.98 and suggest that these rocks were crystallized from oxidized-to reduced-A-type magmas, where the leucosyenogranites and granophyric sienogranites tend to be formed under more reduced conditions. They show fractionated REE patterns with very pronounced to weak negative Eu anomalies. The presence of granophyric textures and miarolitic cavities in equigranular syenogranitic facies suggests that these rocks were formed at shallow crustal depths, lower than 3 km. Three samples of leucosyenogranite have silica contents higher than 75% and low K/Rb ratios (<150), similarly to the tin specialized granites described in the Amazonian craton. Two distinctive groups of mafic rocks were recognized in the study area: porphyritic and equigranular gabbronorites. They correspond to tholeiitic basalts, with #Mg varying from 37 to 41 in porphyritic gabbronorites and 51 to 65 in equigranular gabbronorites. The low to moderate #Mg suggests that these rocks were crystallized from more evolved basaltic magmas. The porphyritic gabbronorites are enriched in TiO₂, FeOt, K₂O, P₂O₅ and REE compared to the equigranular gabbronorites that are enriched in MgO and CaO. The porphyritic gabbronorites have significant negative Eu anomalies a feature not observed in the equigranular gabbronorites. Porphyritic gabbronorites geochemical characteristics are similar to calc-alkaline basalts, whereas equigranular gabbronorites are similar to continental basalts. Petrographic, geochemical, and geological data of the felsic facies and the presence of associated mafic rocks corroborate the bimodal and post-collisional character of this magmatism. The occurrence of porphyritic rhyolites associated with shallow level plutonic granites in the Serra da Providência batholith reinforces the similarities between the Rondonian granites and the classical Fennoscandian rapakivi granites.     

Titanite and zircon fission-track dating resolves successive igneous episodes in the formation of the composite Kaçkar batholith in the Turkish eastern Pontides

The Kaçkar batholith in the Turkish eastern Pontides comprises several intrusive units with distinctive textural, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics. Their titanite and zircon fission-track ages confirm that the different lithodem units result from consecutive igneous episodes, establish their emplacement sequence and, together with geochemical data, help to relate them to their geodynamic context. The Çaml?kaya granitoid (112.4 ± 1.6 Ma) was emplaced during an immature-arc magmatic episode of early Cretaceous age. The S?rtyayla (57.1 ± 1.2 Ma) and Marselevat (52.9 ± 1.3 Ma) granitoids are late products of a late-Palaeocene mature-arc episode. The Ayder granitoid (46.4 ± 1.0 Ma) is the result of middle- to late-Eocene post-collisional magmatism related to slab break-off. The Halkal?ta? quartz diorite (43.7 ± 2.3 Ma) and the Güllüba? monzonite (38.1 ± 0.9 Ma) document a middle- to late-Eocene episode related to post-collisional extension. The data reveal the advantages of dense sampling, spanning a maximum range of elevations. Apart from the increased precision on the mean, redundant sampling allows to shift the basis for interpretation from a priori assumptions to a posteriori numerical criteria when using geochronometers with low to moderate closure temperatures, including apatite, titanite and zircon fission-tracks but also K–Ar (Ar–Ar) biotite, muscovite and K-feldspar.     

西秦岭党川花岗岩基的地球化学特征

党川花岗岩基产于祁连与北秦岭造山带结合部位,由9个岩体组成,岩石普遍低Ga、Rb、Zr、高Th、Ta、Hf,富集重稀土元素。泥盆纪以来岩体显著富集Th、Hf而贫Rb、Co,稀土总量、LREE/ HREE及δEu等与北秦岭二长花岗岩相似,岩石地球化学显示其源岩成分、形成环境和成岩作用的相似性以及演化上的连续性和继承性。志留纪岩体则显著高Cr、Co、Nb和相对富Y,显著贫Ga、Rb、Zr,稀土总量、LREE/HREE及δEu参数既显著有别于本区泥盆纪以来各岩体,又明显区别于秦巴同期闪长岩类。综合分析,志留纪岩体是俯冲造山过程中形成的具有岛弧特色的闪长岩类,泥盆纪以来各岩体是本区造山后与大陆抬升作用或与大陆裂谷作用有关的壳源花岗岩类。     

冈底斯岩浆弧东段晚白垩世花岗岩的变质作用：新生地壳生长与再造

青藏高原南部的冈底斯岩浆弧形成于中生代新特提斯大洋岩石圈俯冲过程中。在冈底斯岩浆弧东段出露的中—高级变质岩代表岩浆弧的中- 下地壳组成，是探索大陆地壳形成与演化的窗口。作为这些中—高级变质岩原岩主要组成部分的里龙岩基由晚白垩世辉长岩、闪长岩和花岗岩组成。本文对由里龙岩基上部花岗岩变质形成的片麻岩进行了岩石学与年代学研究，探讨其原岩时代、成因、变质作用条件、时间及构造意义。所研究的片麻岩由斜长石、钾长石、石英、黑云母、绿帘石和白云母组成，含或不含角闪石，SiO2含量为61. 94%~74. 39%，铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为0. 89~1. 03，属于高钾钙碱性、准铝质到弱过铝质岩石。这些岩石具有轻稀土元素富集和重稀土元素亏损的配分模式，并表现为富集大离子亲石元素和相对亏损高场强元素的特征。片麻岩中的锆石由继承的岩浆核和变质边组成，岩浆核获得了92~86 Ma的结晶年龄，变质边获得了81~72 Ma的变质年龄，锆石岩浆核具正的εHf(t)值(+10. 2~+12. 1)。这些片麻岩的变质条件为740~750 ℃和0. 5~0. 6 GPa。本文和现有研究表明，里龙岩基是形成在晚白垩世新特提斯洋俯冲过程中具有亏损地幔地球化学特征的弧岩浆岩，经历了强烈的结晶分异作用，所研究的花岗岩是残余岩浆结晶产物。笔者认为，晚白垩世早期新特提斯洋中脊俯冲过程中巨量幔源岩浆的增生导致了冈底斯弧发生了显著的新生地壳生长；在晚白垩世晚期残余新特提斯洋岩石圈平缓俯冲过程中的弧地壳强烈缩短加厚使里龙岩基被运移到中下地壳，并发生了中—高级变质和部分熔融。冈底斯岩浆弧新生地壳在大洋岩石圈俯冲晚期经历了明显再造。     

Geochronological and geochemical constraints on the genesis of the Tieshan complex in the Edong district,Eastern China with implications for Fe and Cu skarn mineralization

Fe and Cu skarn deposits constitute the most important skarn type worldwide, whereas the controlling factors that lead to the difference in metal associations remain not well known. The Fe- and Cu-hosting Tieshan complex in the Edong district provides a good opportunity for comparative study on the genetic differences between Fe and Cu skarn deposits. In this study, integrated studies of geochronology, geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Hf isotope compositions were conducted on the complex. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results show that the Tieshan complex was emplaced in the time interval of 135 ± 3 to 144 ± 1 Ma. Multiphase rocks from the complex can be broadly subdivided into two suites. The Fe-Cu-related suite, which consists of diopside diorite, quartz diorite, quartz diorite porphyrite and porphyritic granodiorite, possesses low SiO₂ (53.5–67.1 wt.%), K₂O (2.44–3.53 wt.%) and Rb (45−83 ppm) contents, but high Sr (1132−2684 ppm), Ba (1073−1656 ppm) contents and negligible Eu anomalies, with very high Sr/Y (>90) ratios, similar to typical high Ba-Sr granitoids. The rock suite has initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values of 0.70648 to 0.70737, ε_Nd(t) values of −12.3 to −8.2 and ε_Hf(t) values of −16 to −7, comparable to values of the Early Cretaceous mafic rocks in the Edong district and adjacent areas, indicating that it might be largely derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle source, along with minor involvement of lower-crustal components. By contrast, the Fe-related suite, which is composed of quartz diorite, quartz diorite porphyrite and granodiorite porphyry, is characterized by relatively high SiO₂ (63.0–71.0 wt.%) and K₂O contents (3.36–5.53 wt.%), and a wide range of Sr (158−1135 ppm), Ba (762−1366 ppm) contents and Sr/Y (11–99) ratios. In combination with the presence of abundant inherited zircon grains, the lower ε_Nd(t) (−12.4 to −9.3) and ε_Hf(t) (−25 to −15) values indicate a greater degree of lower-crustal contribution for the Fe-related suite. In addition, the calculated zircon Ce (Ce/Ce* and Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺) and Eu (Eu/Eu*) anomalies suggest that the Fe-Cu-related suite has much higher oxygen fugacity (fO₂) than the Fe-related suite. This study highlights fO₂ and fractionation degree of magma as useful indicators for differentiating Fe and Cu skarn mineralization.     

藏东同普二叠纪高分异花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄和岩石成因

对具有富U或高U锆石的高硅花岗岩进行准确定年并进行成因讨论是花岗岩研究中的难题。本文以青藏高原东部江达-维西构造带北部同普岩基边缘相的高硅花岗岩为对象,开展了锆石U-Pb年代学、锆石Hf同位素和全岩元素地球化学研究。采用大激光束斑(100μm)先剥蚀2~3个脉冲的预剥蚀方法,获得了这套含富U或高U锆石高硅花岗岩的可靠锆石UPb年龄(260±1Ma)。这套高硅花岗岩具有高的Si O2含量(74.92%~76.46%)、高的全碱含量(Na2O+K2O;7.61%~8.55%)和高的分异指数(92~96),明显的Eu(Eu/Eu*=0.17~0.41)异常和显著亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、P和Ti等特征,属于典型的高分异花岗岩。本文数据,结合文献数据,指示同普高硅花岗岩为高分异I型花岗岩。富集的锆石Hf同位素组成(εHf(t)=-9.9~-5.8)指示它们来源于古老地壳物质的部分熔融。定量模拟表明它们可能由同期花岗闪长质母岩浆经历斜长石、磷灰石和富钛矿物的分离结晶作用形成。     

西藏南部冈底斯大陆弧早白垩纪弧前伸展作用

在现今活动的俯冲带系统中,俯冲板片的后撤或回卷都可能导致弧前伸展作用,但弧前伸展作用是否局限于浅部构造层次,还是涉及整个岩石圈,是理解岛弧构造演化和地球化学效应的重要课题。在西藏冈底斯岩基南缘,保留着世界上典型的弧前盆地——日喀则弧前盆地。在该盆地的北缘,除了发育中新世闪长玢岩脉外,还发育一系列近东西向展布的辉绿岩脉,形成时代为106.6±0.8Ma(锆石U-Pb年龄)。基性岩脉在岩石学、矿物学和地球化学特征上较均一,具体表现为:(1)富集LREE,亏损HREE,但HREE平直;(2)强烈亏损Rb、Ba、Nb和Ta,微弱亏损Ti,但Zr和Hf不具亏损现象;(3)锆石Hf同位素组成(εHf(t)=+11.7~+15.4)较高;和(4)包含捕获的早侏罗世岩浆锆石。上述数据表明:在日喀则弧前盆地形成过程中,伴随着强烈的早白垩纪弧前伸展作用,诱发较亏损地幔发生部分熔融,形成不同于典型岛弧岩浆岩的基性岩,可能是在新特提斯洋北向俯冲过程中,海沟后撤,在弧前形成强烈的地幔角流的结果。同时,日喀则弧前盆地可能构建于早侏罗纪结晶岩系之上。     

秘鲁南部阿雷基帕段海岸岩基带找矿方向探讨

通过详细的岩相学和锆石U-Pb年龄的研究,秘鲁海岸岩基带阿雷基帕段的填图工作得到了补充,该岩基带岩浆活动可分为7个阶段和4个旋回,各阶段都显示出不同的岩浆容量,其地貌主要表现为岩基和岩脉。旋回Ⅰ和旋回Ⅱ代表侏罗纪岩浆活动阶段（201~145Ma）,岩浆分异为辉长岩到花岗岩;旋回Ⅲ和旋回Ⅳ代表白垩纪岩浆,岩浆分异为英云闪长岩-二长花岗岩、闪长岩与花岗闪长岩及英云闪长岩-花岗闪长岩。对角闪石和黑云母矿物晶体的数量关系研究表明,旋回Ⅰ的侵入岩有大量辉石和角闪石结晶,并伴随金-铁成矿作用;旋回Ⅱ有大量的群集角闪石晶体和呈定向排列或群集的六边形黑云母,且伴随铜-金-铁成矿作用;旋回Ⅲ侵入岩内发育角闪石和黑云母,伴随着金-铜和铁成矿作用;旋回Ⅳ发育大量角闪石和六边形黑云母,岩石更偏长英质,并伴随铜-锌-金-银-铁和铜-金-钼成矿作用。     

西藏南部冈底斯岩基曲林岩体渐新世-中新世高Sr/Y比岩浆作用及其对深部过程的启示

曲林岩体位于冈底斯带中段的南缘,为渐新世-中新世复合岩体,主体为粗粒花岗斑岩,被后期煌斑质、花岗闪长质和花岗质岩脉切割,是多期岩浆作用的产物,出露面积约8km²。花岗斑岩两组样品（T0849-PG和T0849-G）的锆石U-Pb定年结果分别为29.7±0.1Ma和30.0±0.2Ma。花岗斑岩为高钾,准铝质,低MgO,高度富集轻稀土元素（LREE）和大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损重稀土元素（HREE）和高场强元素（HFSE）。此外具有高Sr、Sr/Y、（La/Yb）_N;低Y和Yb,弱Eu负异常等特征。岩体内发育一系列近南北向展布的花岗闪长玢岩脉,其中两组样品的锆石U-Pb定年结果分别为15.5±0.1Ma（T0848-PY）和14.4±0.1Ma（T0850）。两条花岗闪长玢岩脉具有与岩体主体相似的稀土和微量元素分布模式,同样富集轻稀土及大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土及高场强元素。花岗斑岩的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_（i）=0.706102~0.706202,ε_Nd（t）=-0.6~+0.6,锆石ε_Hf（t）=+4.9~+7.9;花岗闪长玢岩脉的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_（i）=0.705429~0.705474,ε_Nd（t）=-1.4~-0.2,锆石ε_Hf（t）=+2.6~+7.6。本文数据和文献数据结果表明：曲林花岗斑岩与花岗闪长玢岩脉均来源于加厚南拉萨下地壳的部分熔融,很可能与增厚的深部岩石圈的拆沉或俯冲印度岩石圈的撕裂诱发软流圈上涌有关。