新疆库鲁克塔格地区铁磷矿成矿条件及找矿预测

通过对库鲁克塔格地区基性-超基性杂岩带成矿条件、地球物理、含矿杂岩体特征、岩体地球化学等几个方面的综合研究。将库鲁克塔格地区基性-超基性杂岩划分出卡乌留克塔格-团结村北山、兴地河两大杂岩矿集区。总结了控矿因素与成矿规律,建立找矿标志,进行了成矿远景预测,划分出7个成矿远景区,通过预测首次发现铁磷矿床与矿化带,为在我国北方寻找内生磷矿拓展了方向。     

Preliminary research on CBM enrichment models of low-rank coal and its geological controls: A case study in the middle of the southern Junggar Basin,NW China

To date, prospecting work on low-rank coalbed methane (CBM) resources in the middle of the southern Junggar Basin is still in the primary stage, and only a few CBM exploration wells or pilot wells have been deployed in local regions. Systemic understanding of CBM reservoir-forming conditions and geological controlling factors is lacking in the study area, resulting in the mismatch between CBM well deployment and actual geological conditions, as well as poor exploration efficiency. In this paper, the geological controlling effects of the structure, sedimentation, and hydrogeology on CBM enrichment are systematically discussed for the first time, based on the early CBM exploration achievements. The results show that the Xishanyao coal and the Badaowan coal are developed in the upper and lower part of the neutral surface of a fold, respectively. The reservoir-forming conditions of the Badaowan coal are not discussed in this paper due to its poor development. The Xishanyao coal that developed in the axial part of the syncline is most beneficial to CBM enrichment with concentrated extrusion stress and great methane adsorption capacity, while the axial part of the anticline is not favorable for CBM preservation with large tensional stress. The gas content of the Xishanyao thick seams developed in the syncline is higher (average of 4.63–6.34 m³/t) than that in the monocline (average of 2.84–4.56 m³/t). Reverse faulting is more beneficial to CBM enrichment than normal faulting, due to the better sealing capability. The gas content of the Xishanyao coal is obviously influenced by the coal thickness and its roof lithology. The hydrodynamic conditions and total dissolved solids (TDS) values of coalbed water range greatly on regional scale, which leads to a deeper methane weathering zone in the middle-west areas (>1119.62 m) than the eastern Liu-huanggou areas (<501.71 m) and have an important influence on exploration target optimization of CBM exploration wells. Combined with the geological characteristics of the structure, sedimentation and hydrogeology, three CBM enrichment models are proposed in this paper (i.e., broad fold model, northward monocline model and overlying composite model). The reservoir-forming processes and development positions of these CBM enrichment models are discussed systematically to provide a scientific basis for selecting CBM exploration target zones.     

论德尔尼黄铁矿型铜钴矿床的成矿规律

区域深断裂带（即昆南深断裂）控制着华力西期超基性岩和印支期花岗岩的分布。由于花岗岩的成矿作用，并在构造及岩性圈闭条件下，形成了德尔尼黄铁矿型铜钴矿床。上石炭统的下部片岩组含矿性较好，是区内矿源层之一，但矿质主要来自花岗岩岩浆热液。该矿区属浅成热液矿床     

The effects of sewage discharge on shallow hard substrate sessile assemblages

On rocky shores, sewage discharges can modify natural distribution patterns of sessile organisms. The impact of sewage on shallow hard substrate assemblages has been assessed along SW Apulian coast (Ionian Sea, Italy), providing a framework to evaluate the benefits of future sewage displacement to deeper waters. Four locations (three controls and one putatively impacted) were selected and three sites were chosen at each location. Each site was sampled by 10 replicate photographic records. Univariate analyses revealed that the outfall did not affect the spatial distribution of number of taxa, total cover and abundance of some dominant taxa (mostly algae, sponges and bryozoans). The outfall negatively influenced the natural distribution pattern of filamentous green algae, whilst some algae (i.e. Gelidiales and Colpomenia sinuosa) were exclusively present at the impacted location. Multivariate analyses revealed that the outfall heavily modified the natural pattern of variability in the structure of the assemblage.     

Controls on basalt terrace formation in the eastern Lesotho highlands

The objective of this study is to ascertain the relative importance of lithological controls and geomorphological processes in the development of Drakensberg basalt terraces. Various hypotheses for terrace formation are considered, including geological controls, macroscale geomorphology, and climatic–geomorphological controls. The variations in strength and relative age differences for scarp surface exposures on two slopes of varying aspect are determined, so that a comparison can be made between various scarp outcrops and relative rates of weathering. Scarp outcrops were measured for their rock mass strength, rock surface roughness, and percentage lichen cover. The ethylene glycol test was performed on prepared rock samples to determine susceptibility to tensional breakup. A satellite image depicting the distribution of late-lying contemporary snow was used to assist in the construction of topo-climatic linkages with scarp terrace localities. Findings show that terraces are most common on southeast-facing aspects, and coincide with the major joint strike direction. Lithological factors are thus considered the primary control to such terrace development. It is suggested that a different set of geomorphological processes operates on various slope-altitudinal and slope-orientational positions at any given time.     

吐哈盆地西山窑组第二段岩相古地理和聚煤作用

吐哈盆地烃源岩主要是早朱罗世八弯组和中侏罗世西山窑组的煤和碳质泥岩。本文对该盆地主要含煤段－西山窑组第二段沉积期岩相古地理进行了分析，编制了各种图件，总结出该期岩相古地理特征并分析了聚煤作用的控制因素。     

Environmental controls on lambing rate in Patagonia (Argentina): A regional approach

Sheep herd sustainability in Patagonia is limited by reproductive efficiency. As the herds graze on natural vegetation year round, efficiency is constrained by biophysical factors. Our aim was to characterize the environmental controls over effective lambing rate in northwest Patagonia. We related remotely sensed data [surface temperatures and Normal Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a surrogate for forage availability] and climatic information to lambing rates. A spatial model explained 63% of the variability in mean lambing rate, based on mean annual NDVI and mean spring surface temperature. The relative inter-annual variability in lambing rates was of similar magnitude to that of annual NDVI. Both lambing rate and NDVI were less variable than climatic factors. Two regional temporal models explained approximately 25% of the variability, based on NDVI values representative of ewes’ nutrition during late gestation and lambing. These models predicted, with 65% and 76% accuracy respectively, the occurrence of better-than-average and worse-than-average yearly lambing rates. These results provided insights into the factors limiting reproduction, and they form the basis for important decision tools for ranch managers. Prediction of lambing rates based on remotely sensed data will reduce the uncertainty and risk in sheep production, increasing the economic sustainability of sheep production.     

东营凹陷岩性油藏主控因素及成藏模式

在对东营凹陷145个岩性油藏含油性统计分析的基础上,结合典型岩性油藏和典型落空圈闭的剖析,对岩性油藏成藏主控因素和成藏模式进行了系统研究。岩性油藏成藏主要受构造沉积背景、烃源岩(围岩)生排烃强度和砂体储集物性等3个因素控制,不同的构造带上具有不同的成藏模式。洼陷带主要发育典型的自生自储自盖的砂岩透镜体油藏,陡坡带主要发育砂岩透镜体、物性封闭、砂岩上倾尖灭、构造-岩性油藏组合,缓坡带、中央背斜带的翼部主要发育砂岩透镜体、砂岩上倾尖灭和断层-岩性油藏。     

Heavy Oil and Oil (Tar) Sands in North America: An Overview & Summary of Contributions

As conventional oil and gas reservoirs become depleted other unconventional energy sources have to be recovered and produced. Four of the major unconventional resources that are strategic for North American interests are heavy oil, oil sands, oil shales, and coal-bed methane. Recent interest and activity in Canada’s vast oil sands are progressing rapidly as soaring oil prices are fueling a ‘gold rush’ in oil sands development in Alberta. This interest is evident by the record-number of oil sands and heavy oil presentations at Energy Minerals Division (EMD)-sponsored sessions at the 2004 and 2005 Annual Conventions of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG), held in Dallas, TX and Calgary, AB.