甘肃陇山地区葫芦河群变质玄武岩及大地构造环境恢复

葫芦河群变质玄武岩以其高不相容元素、稀土元素和低MgO、Cr和Ni含量有别于现代洋中脊玄武岩和岛弧玄武岩,在FeO-MgO-Al_2O_3和Ti/100-Zr-Y×3判别图上,均落在大陆玄武岩区。在剖面上,与变质玄武岩整合接触的巨厚的变砂岩和大量出现的火山角砾岩和集块岩是浅海环境的标志;密集的辉绿岩墙群是拉张性大地构造环境的特征。因此,本文认为葫芦河群变质玄武岩原岩形成于陆内裂陷海盆环境。     

Towards a 4D topographic view of the Norwegian sea margin

The present-day topography/bathymetry of the Norwegian mainland and passive margin is a product of complex interactions between large-scale tectonomagmatic and climatic processes that can be traced back in time to the Late Silurian Caledonian Orogeny. The isostatic balance of the crust and lithosphere was clearly influenced by orogenic thickening during the Caledonian Orogeny, but was soon affected by post-orogenic collapse including overprinting of the mountain root, and was subsequently affected by a number of discrete extensional events eventually leading to continental break-up in Early Eocene time. In the mid-Jurassic the land areas experienced deep erosion in the warm and humid climate, forming a regional paleic surface. Rift episodes in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, with differential uplift along major fault zones, led to more pronounced topographic contrasts during the Cretaceous, and thick sequences of clastic sediments accumulated in the subsiding basins on the shelf. Following renewed extension in the Late Cretaceous, a new paleic surface developed in the Paleocene. Following break-up the margin has largely subsided thermally, but several Cenozoic shortening events have generated positive contraction structures. On the western side of the on-shore drainage divide, deeper erosion took place along pre-existing weakness zones, creating the template of the present day valleys and fjords. In the Neogene the mainland and large portions of the Barents Sea were uplifted. It appears that this uplift permitted ice caps to nucleate and accumulate during the Late Pliocene northern hemisphere climatic deterioration. The Late Pliocene to Pleistocene glacial erosion caused huge sediment aprons to be shed on to the Norwegian Sea and Barents Sea margins. Upon removal of the ice load the landmass adjusted isostatically, and this still continues today.     

扬子西北缘碧口微地块南华系碎屑锆石物源示踪及其地质意义

扬子板块西北缘碧口微地块华严寺地区碧口群之上发育一套含砾沉积地层,其确切沉积时限对研究该区域的沉积—构造演化具有重要意义。本文对该套地层中的2件砂岩样品进行了碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年分析,结果显示,锆石晶型较好,无色透明,磨圆度较差,具典型岩浆生长振荡环带和韵律结构,Th/U比值为0.28～3.6,锆石U-Pb年龄介于706～2 489Ma之间。存在3个主要的年龄组：新元古代年龄组（706～951 Ma）,占92.9%,显著峰值为850 Ma和843 Ma;中元古代年龄组（1 017～1 080 Ma）,占2.6%;古元古代年龄组（1 628～2 489 Ma）,占4.5%。最小年龄组为706～715 Ma（峰值为711 Ma）,结合区域地质和研究资料,华严寺地区沉积地层时代应属于南华纪,沉积时限约为720～635 Ma,物源区主要包括扬子板块西北缘碧口微地块以及南东侧的后龙门山构造带和汉南—米仓山微地块。新元古代晚期碧口微地块及扬子板块西北缘后碰撞—裂解阶段,华严寺地区南华纪沉积为碧口微地块及邻区新元古代岩浆岩在边缘裂谷环境中快速堆积形成。     

扬子陆块北缘构造演化新认识：来自原花山群年代学和地球化学的制约

原花山群分布于紧邻南秦岭的扬子陆块北缘大洪山地区,出露于重要的构造部位,是研究其形成时期扬子陆块构造演化及其与南秦岭关系的重要载体,其物质组成、形成时代和构造属性长期存在争论。本文将原花山群解体为花山构造混杂岩和正常的火山—沉积地层（本文所指花山群）两部分来讨论。笔者重新厘定了花山群的沉积时限,有针对性地对有构造背景争议的花山群进行玄武岩地球化学研究,对有时代争议的混杂岩进行锆石U-Pb年代学研究。年代学、地球化学和沉积学综合研究表明,花山群的沉积时限为ca. 830 Ma至ca. 800 Ma,形成于与Rodinia超大陆裂解有关的陆内裂谷盆地。花山构造混杂岩带可能不只是晋宁期的缝合带,而是具有多期物质组成、经历了多期构造叠加的复合型缝合带。结合他人成果,我们提出了扬子陆块与南秦岭从新元古代到早古生代的构造演化新模式。     

新疆博格达山北缘二叠纪中—晚期构造运动的沉积响应

博格达山北缘是准噶尔盆地与天山造山带之间的关键部位,是研究盆山关系的重点区域。博格达山北缘二叠纪中、晚期的构造演化与沉积时空演变关系存在较大争议。本研究通过野外实地勘测、镜下岩石薄片鉴定、粒度分析实验和地震资料解析等方法,针对博格达山北缘东、西部两条剖面—大龙口剖面和井井子沟剖面开展研究,分析其沉积类型和演变过程,解析盆山构造变形和发育特征,探讨构造运动的沉积响应。研究结果表明：瓜德鲁普统乌拉泊组为湖成三角洲相,井井子沟组至红雁池组为湖泊相,乐平统泉子街组为冲积扇—河流相沉积,梧桐沟组和锅底坑组为滨浅湖—三角洲相沉积;研究区可分为两个主要构造层,下构造层以伸展断陷为主要结构,上构造层以前陆冲断为主要构造变形;多期构造活动控制瓜德鲁普统、乐平统沉积演化过程,在挤压构造背景下,瓜德鲁普统的湖泊相转变为乐平统冲积扇—河流相沉积,晚期构造活动趋于稳定,区域进入准平原化作用阶段。     

Cambrian-Early Ordovician intrusive bodies in Dunhuang Block: Records of Paleo-Asian Ocean subduction and implications for regional Early Paleozoic tectonic evolutionSCIEI北大核心CSCD

一直以来,敦煌地块缺少1.6-0.46Ga的地质记录,从而严重制约了对该地块在新元古代和早古生代期间地质构造演化的全面认识。通过1:5万区域地质调查,本次工作在敦煌地块东北缘新发现了寒武纪-早奥陶世小宛山岩体、截山子岩体和小宛南岩体等多个中酸性侵入体,测得其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为517±3Ma、480±3Ma和473±3Ma,由此厘定出敦煌地块目前古生代最古老的侵入岩体及早奥陶世侵入岩体。通过这些岩体的岩石岩相学、岩石地球化学特征、岩石成因及大地构造环境分析,表明它们属于与洋壳俯冲消减作用有关的活动陆缘环境下形成的富钠质I型花岗岩。其中,小宛山花岗闪长质岩体是在低压低温条件下由玄武质地幔楔部分熔融而成,同时受到俯冲流体的强烈交代;截山子岩体和小宛南岩体则是在高压低温富水条件下,由新生镁铁质洋壳发生部分熔融并受到地幔楔强烈混染而形成,虽然它们均属于(类)O型埃达克岩,但其部分熔融的压力及其残留矿物组合不同。上述研究揭示敦煌地块北缘早古生代517Ma就存在俯冲作用,且至少持续了44Myr。结合区域地质资料和以往研究成果,敦煌地块北缘早古生代洋陆转换过程可分为三个阶段:(1)晚震旦世-早寒武世(574-518Ma),敦煌地块北缘被动陆缘演化阶段;(2)寒武纪第二世-早奥陶世(517-471Ma),敦煌地块北缘活动陆缘演化阶段,期间,古亚洲洋南支洋分别向敦煌地块和石板山地块/马鬃山地块发生双向俯冲消减;(3)中奥陶世-早泥盆世(464-412Ma),敦煌地块与石板山地块/马鬃山地块碰撞造山阶段,期间古亚洲洋南支洋闭合。     

中亚造山带东南部晚古生代-早中生代地壳增生和古亚洲洋演化:来自内蒙古东南部林西-东乌旗地区岩浆岩的证据SCIEI北大核心CSCD

本文在系统收集内蒙古林西-东乌旗地区晚古生代-早中生代岩浆岩的年代学、岩石地球化学以及锆石Hf同位素资料基础上,通过分析岩浆岩岩石组合随时空的变化规律,并结合区域地质资料,探讨了中亚造山带东南部洋盆演化和地壳增生等重要地质问题。研究结果表明,二连浩特-贺根山蛇绿岩带南、北两侧晚古生代-早中生代岩浆岩在年代学上显示不同的活动期次,具有不同岩石组合和地球化学特征,指示它们分属于不同的构造岩浆岩带。蛇绿岩带以北晚泥盆世-中二叠世岩浆活动在时间上呈连续分布的特征,并在晚石炭-早二叠世时期达到活动峰值。火成岩构造组合分析表明,晚泥盆世-石炭纪和早-中二叠世岩浆活动分别与二连浩特-贺根山洋盆向乌里雅斯太大陆边缘之下的俯冲和洋盆闭合后俯冲板片断离引起的软流圈上涌造成的区域伸展背景有关。蛇绿岩带以南岩浆活动时间上呈现石炭纪、早-中二叠世、晚二叠世-三叠纪幕式分布特征,各期岩浆活动前锋有随时间向南迁移的趋势。这三期岩浆活动分别与古亚洲洋板片向宝力道岛弧之下的俯冲、板片后撤以及洋盆消失之后古板块的碰撞造山作用有关。锆石Hf同位素分析表明,中亚造山带东南部晚古生代至早中生代时期存在显著的地壳增生;其中二连浩特-贺根山蛇绿岩带以北表现为地壳的垂向增生,以南表现为地壳的侧向增生。     

湖南道县虎子岩碱性玄武岩及其基性捕虏体成因和地质意义

本文在湖南道县虎子岩地区采集了碱性玄武岩、橄榄辉长岩和基性麻粒岩捕虏体。碱性玄武岩的斑晶为橄榄石(10%~15%),岩石K2O含量为2.88%~3.51%,Mg#值为80,具有洋岛玄武岩的微量元素特征,岩石具有富集的氧同位素组成(7.8‰~11.0‰),可能是其上升到地表后由碳酸盐岩组分的加入及后期风化蚀变作用造成的,其相对均一且为负的εNd(t)值和靠近EMⅡ地幔端员的特点,指示了该玄武岩是拉张构造环境下富集地幔部分熔融的产物。橄榄辉长岩具有弱富集的LREE(La/Yb)N=2.5~3.0)、弱的Eu正异常(δEu=1.03~1.06),其Sr-Nd同位素组成更靠近EMⅡ地幔端员,87Sr/86Sr比值、εNd(t)值及Nd模式年龄均高于碱性玄武岩,说明橄榄辉长岩是先形成的上述玄武岩浆在未到达地表之前局部发生结晶作用后形成的。基性麻粒岩捕虏体具较强的正Eu异常(δEu=1.42~4.41),其重稀土元素含量出现明显的分组特征,强烈亏损U、Th和Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti等高场强元素,同时Sr-Nd同位素组成显示其具有壳幔混合的特征。本文结合已有研究结果,探讨了岩浆起源和演化,以及与古太平洋板片俯冲有关的构造环境转换。     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷西秋古隆起的形成及其演化

重力异常资料显示,库车坳陷南缘西秋构造带深层发育有基底隆起。本文通过地震资料解释确认了西秋构造带深层占隆起的结构,分析了占隆起的形成和演化过程。西秋构造带南侧边缘存在一条区域性基底断裂,断裂北侧新生界下伏中生界、古生界明显减薄或地层缺失,总体上表现为断背斜形态的古隆起构造。结合区域构造演化分析认为,泥盆纪~石炭纪(D-C)塔里木克拉通边缘隆升、二叠纪-三叠纪(P-T)受南天山负荷影响产生的克拉通边缘压陷的构造演化过程中,西秋构造带处于"跷跷板"式地壳升降运动的"支点"部位,发育古隆起和基底卷入高角度断层,晚期南天山隆升向南斜向推挤的挤压剪切应力场使古隆起边界断层复活,基底断裂活动并在新生界之下形成冲断隆起。     

Tectonic inversion events in the western San Jorge Gulf Basin from seismic,borehole and field data

The San Jorge Gulf Basin, located in Central Patagonia, has been interpreted as a Jurassic-Cretaceous rift basin that was later inverted mainly in its western sector. Consequently, the Bernardides System formed as a set of foreland contractional structures that constitute the core of the Patagonian broken foreland, exhuming continental deposits of the Cretaceous Chubut Group, 500 km away from the Pacific trench. In spite of the intense research done in the San Jorge Gulf Basin many aspects remain under discussion, particularly those regarding the age of uplift of the Bernárdides System. In order to unravel the tectonic evolution of the western San Jorge Gulf Basin (Río Mayo Sub-Basin), we analyzed subsurface information (2D and 3D seismic lines and oil wells) located in the western area of the basin and compared this with surface data of the southern Bernárdides System. Based on our interpretation, the western part of the basin could have been uplifted in a series of deformational events that began as early as late Early Cretaceous, related to the initial uplift of the Patagonian broken foreland, during the early stages of South Atlantic opening. Subsequent stages of tectonic reactivation identified in this system have selectively inverted previous extensional structures according to the variable direction of the greatest horizontal stress (σ1) acting at each time.