基于遥感影像的三星工业园区建设进展及区域功能置换监测研究

基于2011年5月至2014年4月的多源、多时相遥感影像和园区规划数据,利用摄影测量、图像处理、影像解译等相关技术,对三星工业园区进行建设进展、区域功能置换情况的统计和对比分析。研究结果表明:监测区域在开工建设的一年半时间内,一期项目综合保税区主体结构已初具规模,但是建设进展仍然比预期滞后。区域功能置换方面,由原来传统的粗放型农业用地结构变成了一个集电子信息、科技研发、保税物流、虚拟口岸为一体的自由贸易示范区。     

Geometry and kinematics of the Andean thick-skinned thrust systems: Insights from the Chilean Frontal Cordillera (28°–28.5°S), Central Andes

The structure of the Chilean Frontal Cordillera, located over the Central Andes flat-slab subduction segment (27°–28.5°S), is characterized by a thick-skinned deformation, affecting both the pre-rift basement and the Mesozoic and Cenozoic infill of the NNE-SSW Lautaro and Lagunillas Basins, which were developed during the Pangea-Gondwana break-up. The compressive deformation show a complex interaction between Mesozoic rift structures and thrust systems, affecting a suite of Permo-Triassic (258–245 Ma) granitic blocks. We used a combination of geological mapping, new structural data, balanced and restored cross sections and geochronological data to investigate the geometry and kinematics of the Andean thick-skinned thrust systems of the region. The thrust systems include double-vergent thick-skinned thrust faults, basement-cored anticlines and minor thin-skinned thrusts and folds. The presence of Triassic and Jurassic syn-rift successions along the hanging wall and footwall of the basement thrust faults are keys to suggest that the current structural framework of the region should be associated with the shortening of previous Mesozoic half grabens. Based on this interpretation, we propose a deformation mechanism characterized by the tectonic inversion of rift-related faults and the propagation of basement ramps that fold and cut both, the early normal faults and the basement highs. New U–Pb ages obtained from synorogenic deposits (Quebrada Seca and Doña Ana formations) indicate at least three important compressive pulses. A first pulse at ∼80 Ma (Late Cretaceous), a second pulse related to the K-T phase of Andean deformation and, finally, a third pulse that occurred during the lower Miocene.     

中国海域1:100万地质地球物理MapGIS制图

 中国海域1:100万地质地球物理系列图包括布格重力异常图、空间重力异常图、磁力异常图、表层沉积物分布图和区域构造图5种图件.利用数字化编图技术对新旧资料进行同化处理和标准化处理,在编图的过程中,采取多种技术手段确保编图质量,并进行了GIS数据库的构建工作.地理底图和各专题图件均在MapGIS基础平台上以点、线、面三种图元类型表示,根据实际材料和图面内容进行分层设计、分层构建、统一成图的技术路线,为日后资料使用和图件修编奠定了良好基础.以MapGIS为平台,可以很好地完成地质地球物理系列编图任务.     

郯庐断裂带莒县地区早白垩世中酸性火山岩成因及其地质意义

莒县早白垩世火山岩沿郯庐断裂带分布,由粗安岩、粗面岩和流纹岩组成,属高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列.岩石富集Rb、K、Ba等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素和重稀土元素,Sr-Nd同位素组成((87Sr/86Sr)t=0.7082～0.7095,ENd(t)=-16.4～-19.8)与区内基性岩的相类似,而Pb同位素组成((206pb/204Pb)t=16.523～17.038,(207pb/204Pb)t=15.414～15.468,(208pb/204Pb)t=37.058～37.427)类似于EM1型富集地幔.(87Sr/86Sr)t和εNd(t)与SiO2没有明显的相关性,且较高的Th/U、Ce/Pb值和较低的Nb/La、Nb/U值均暗示岩浆在上升过程中未遭受明显的地壳混染.粗安岩具有高的Cr、Ni、MgO含量及Mg#值和古老Nd同位素模式年龄,暗示其起源于富集的岩石圈地幔.粗面岩与粗安岩的主要氧化物、微量元素与SiO2呈明显的相关性,这暗示可能为同源岩浆结晶分异而来.研究表明,莒县地区中酸性火山岩形成于岩石圈伸展减薄背景下,由曾遭受俯冲扬子陆壳熔体改造的华北岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成的岩浆分离结晶作用而成.郯庐断裂带的伸展活动控制着火山岩的分布,为岩浆的形成和运移提供了有利的场所,在华北克拉通破坏中可能起到了重要的作用.     

鲜水河断裂带库仑应力演化与强震间关系

以鲜水河断裂带为研究区,首先验证了该断裂带上1893年以来M6.7以上地震的相互触发作用,然后采用更符合实际的分层黏弹介质模型研究强震震后黏滞松弛引起的库仑应力变化对后续地震的影响,并基于负位错理论计算鲜水河断裂带10个断层段的震间长期构造加载作用引起的断层上的应力积累.在此基础上,讨论同震、震后、震间效应引起的累积库仑应力变化与区域强震活动的关系,给出断层上库仑应力随时间的演化.结果表明,鲜水河断裂带上1893年以来发生的7次强震均在其前面一系列强震及构造应力加载的驱使下发生,同震、震后、震间三方面效应均引起了鲜水河断裂带不可忽略的库仑应力变化.对断层上的库仑应力状态的研究,可进一步为揭示地震的发生规律、找寻危险断层段提供线索.     

江南隆起带幕阜山岩体新生代剥蚀冷却的低温热年代学证据

江南隆起位于扬子与华夏地块的碰撞汇聚带,是研究华南大地构造演化的关键地质单元.本文采用磷灰石裂变径迹及(U-Th-Sm)/He年龄分布特征定性分析与径迹长度分布数据定量模拟相结合,主要研究了幕阜山岩体新生代的隆升与剥蚀过程,并在此基础上结合区域构造背景, 对其构造-热演化之间的关系进行了探讨.自晚白垩世持续隆升以来,幕阜山岩体经历的平均剥蚀厚度约4800 m.在不同岩体间,隆升过程及幅度存在差异,空间上具有非均匀性.热史结果显示幕阜山岩体经历了3期剥蚀, 其中两期快速剥蚀分别发生在晚白垩世-古近纪(80~50 Ma)和10 Ma以来,而这之间为一期缓慢剥蚀过程.研究区古近纪的快速剥蚀反映了中-下扬子喜山期大规模伸展断陷作用造成的肩部块体快速剥蚀事件; 约10 Ma以来的快速剥蚀是对太平洋板块向西运动的响应.幕阜山岩体自燕山晚期以来的隆升剥蚀作用具有良好的盆地沉积响应, 三期隆升剥蚀事件与研究区构造演化的动力学背景相吻合.     

中更新世以来北天山的向北扩展

利用深部地球物理结果与浅部地质调查结果进行对比,并基于DEM的地貌分析,研究了中更新世以来北天山向北扩展的造山过程.中更新世以来,北天山地壳中存在南倾的低角度滑脱面,滑脱面之上,逆断裂和褶皱带组成的山前活动构造带整体向北滑脱并缩短变形.中更新世早期,气候暖湿,基岩山脉剥蚀强烈,在山前形成了大规模的洪泛平原.中更新世中期以来,持续的构造活动一方面使山前盆地卷入变形,另一方面使盆地遭受分隔,天山北麓地壳以阶梯式的形式自南向北逐步抬升.中更新世中期约600 ka以来,气候越来越干旱,山前盆地地表仅遭受了轻微剥蚀,地壳抬升全部转换为自南向北的地表隆起,隆起的北部向天山靠拢,隆起的南部逐渐成为山系,与天山相连,北天山得以向北扩展.中更新世以来的掀斜隆起造成山麓至盆地高差达1000多米的坡面,为30 ka以来的河流下切提供了坡度条件,造成了深达300多米的河流强烈下切.     

数值预报产品统计释用技术在热带气旋路径客观预报中的应用

首先对应用数值预报产品统计释用技术的效果进行了统计,结果表明,数值预报产品统计释用技术的应用改善了热带气旋路径客观预报中预报因子的预报能力,提高了模式的预报技巧并拓展了有效预报时效。继而对热带气旋路径客观预报中若干统计释用技术问题进行了讨论,并指出：在应用数值预报产品构造热带气旋路径客观预报模式时,采用大样本资料和完全预报方法,细心构造反映各种天气系统特征和物理量场的预报因子,应用多时刻ＮＷＰ产品并对ＮＷＰ产品进行统计订正。对多种预报模式的预报结果进行综合集成等技术是提高预报技巧和稳定性的有效途径。     

Quantitative analysis of the shallow crustal tectonic stress field in China mainland based on in situ stress data

The latest hydraulic fracturing and stress relief measurement data in the Chinese mainland were collected. The total of 3856 data entries are measured at 1474 locations. The measured area covers 75–130°E and 18–47°N, and the depth range varies from surface to 4000 meters depth, which generally includes each active tectonic block of China and each segment of North–South seismic belt. We investigated the tectonic stress field by removing the effect of gravity. For this, we assume lateral constraints and Heim’s rule. The gravity contribution is removed by using the assumption of lateral constraint and Heim’s rule. Our results show: (1) the maximum and the minimum horizontal principal stress σ_H, σ_h and the vertical stress σ_V in the shallow crust of China all increase linearly with depth: σ_H = 0.0229D + 4.738, σ_h = 0.0171D + 1.829, σ_V = 0.0272D. Maximum and minimum horizontal tectonic stress varies as a function of depth D linearly 4.738 < σ_T < 0.0139D + 4.738 and 1.829 < σ_t < 0.0162D + 1.829. The horizontal tectonic differential stress is σ_T − σ_t = 0.0058D + 2.912. (2) The intermediate value of σ_T1 (regression value of tectonic stress inferred from the assumption of lateral constraint at 2000 m depth) changes in different areas, the maximum value of which is 45.6 MPa, while the minimum value of which is 26.8 MPa. Horizontal tectonic differential stress σ_T − σ_t increases linearly with depth and the maximum and minimum of σ_T − σ_t is 25.3 MPa and 13.0 MPa, respectively. In general, the stress magnitude is much higher in western than in eastern China. This indicates that the strong Indo-Eurasian collision dominates the present tectonic stress field in Chinese mainland. (3) Compared with other study regions, the northward crustal compression to the Qinghai-Tibet block is relatively lower in magnitude in the shallow subsurface and higher at deeper depth. (4) The orientations of σ_T in China mainland generally form a radial scattering pattern centered in Tibetan Plateau. From western to eastern China, they rotate gradually clockwise from NS to NNE, NE, NEE, and SE, which is consistent with the result of focal mechanism solutions.     

Geochronological and geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of the early Paleoproterozoic potassic granite in the Lushan area,southern margin of the North China Craton

We conducted a geochronological and geochemical study on the Paleoproterozoic potassic granites in the Lushan area, southern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) to understand the tectonic regime of the NCC at 2.2–2.1 Ga. This rock suite formed at 2194 ± 29 Ma. The rocks are rich in SiO₂ (76.10–77.73 wt.%), and K₂O (5.94–6.90 wt.%) with high K₂O + Na₂O contents from 7.56 wt.% to 8.48 wt.%, but poor in CaO (0.10–0.28 wt.%), P₂O₅ (0.02–0.05 wt.%) and MgO (0.01–0.30 wt.%, Mg# = 1.08–27.3), indicating they experienced fractional crystallization. Major element compositions suggest the potassic granites share an affinity with high K calc-alkaline granite. Even though the Lushan potassic granitic rocks have high A/CNK ratios (1.11–1.25), which can reach peraluminous feature, the very low P₂O₅ contents and negative correlation of P₂O₅ and SiO₂ ruling out they are S-type granites. Different from peralkaline A-type granites, the Lushan potassic granites have variable Zr concentrations (160–344 ppm, 226 ppm on average) and 10,000 Ga/Al ratios (1.76–3.00), together with high zircon saturation temperatures (T_Zr = 826–885 °C), indicating they are fractionated aluminous A-type granites. Enriched LREE ((La/Yb)_N = 9.72–81.8), negative Eu anomalies, and low Sr/Y with no correlations in Sr/Y and Sr/Zr versus CaO suggest the possible presence of Ca-rich plagioclase and absence of garnet in the residual. Magmatic zircon grains have variable ε_Hf(t) values (−2.4 to +7.3) with zircon two-stage Hf model ages (T_DM^C) varying from 2848 Ma to 2306 Ma (mostly around ca. 2.5 Ga), and are plotted in the evolution line of crustal felsic rock. We propose that the rocks mainly formed by partial melting of ca. 2.50 Ga tonalitic–granodioritic crust as a result of upwelling mantle-derived magmas which provided thermal flux and source materials in an intra-continent rifting. The ca. 2.2 Ga magmatism suggests that intra-continental rifting occurred at 2.35–1.97 Ga at least in the southern margin of the NCC after its final cratonization in the late Neoarchean.