西藏曲珍过铝花岗岩地球化学特征及地球动力学意义

对西藏曲珍过铝花岗岩的地球化学研究表明,岩石中SiO_2、Al_2O_3和K_2O的含量均很高,贫TiO_2和Fe_2O_3;SiO_2变化为72．72%～73．34%,为铝和硅过饱和类型,属典型的含白云母过铝质花岗岩(MPG)。稀土元素总量(∑REE)为99．71×10~(-6)-132．85×10~(-6),稀土元素配分曲线显示铕负异常明显,具负铈异常。Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素具有明显的负异常,而La、Nd、Y等大离子亲石元素具有明显的正异常。过铝指数图、微量元素标准化蛛网图、岩石组合R_1-R_2图解、Rb-(Y+Nb)和Nb-Y图解均指示曲珍岩体是产生于同碰撞环境的花岗岩,其定位机制与板片俯冲、碰撞后陆内调整有关。Sr和Nd同位素组成具非常负的ε_(Nd)(t)值(-14．8～-15．4)和非常老的Nd模式年龄,表明其来源可能是古老的上地壳物质,而ε_(Sr)(t)-ε_(Nd)(t)图解也支持其上地壳来源。岩体具有较高~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr初始比值(0．72699～0．73884)特征,据此推断曲珍过铝花岗岩成因是陆壳部分熔融作用产物。岩浆源区可能以粘土岩为主,砂质岩占次要地位,是成熟陆块部分熔融作用的结果。     

The tectonic regime in Italy inferred from borehole breakout data

In Italy, the horizontal stress directions are well constrained in many regions, but the tectonic regime is not well known because the stress magnitudes are unknown. Our intention is to improve the knowledge of crustal stress in Italy, both at shallow depth and in low seismicity areas. Therefore, we inferred the tectonic regime from the comparison between the depth of breakout occurrence and the physical properties of the rocks in 20 boreholes. The critical value of the maximum horizontal stress, for which the effective tangential stress at the borehole wall overcomes the rock strength to form breakouts, could be computed from rock strength and density. Comparing the theoretical stress distributions for different tectonic regimes with the depth distribution of breakout occurrence, it is possible to infer the tectonic regime that fits best to the breakout depth distribution. We investigated boreholes up to 6 km deep located in different tectonic environments over the Italian peninsula: the Po Plain, the Apenninic chain, the Adriatic foredeep and the Tyrrhenian Quaternary volcanic region. These wells are characterised by breakout data of good quality (A, B and C, according to World Stress Map quality ranking system). The results are in general agreement with the style of faulting derived from earthquake focal mechanisms and other stress indicators. Our results show a predominance of a normal faulting (NF) regime in the inner Apennines and both normal faulting and strike–slip faulting (SS) style in the surrounding regions, possibly also associated with changes in the tectonic regime with depth.     

Numerical models of tectonic deformation at the Baltica–Avalonia transition zone during the Paleocene phase of inversion

Predictions from dynamic modelling of the lithospheric deformation are presented for Northern Europe, where several basins underwent inversion during the Late Cretaceous and Early Cenozoic and contemporary uplift and erosion of sediments occurred. In order to analyse the evolution of the continental lithosphere, the equations for the deformation of a continuum are solved numerically under thin sheet assumption for the lithosphere. The most important stress sources are assumed to be the Late Cretaceous Alpine tectonics; localized rheological heterogeneities can also affect local deformation and stress patterns. Present-day observations available in the studied region and coming from seismic structural interpretations and stress measurements have been used to constrain the model. Our modelling results show that lateral variation in lithospheric strength below the basin systems in Central Europe strongly controls the regional deformation and the stress regime. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the geometry of the boundary between Baltica and Avalonia, together with different rheological characteristics of the two plates, had a crucial role on local crustal deformation and faulting regime resulting in the Baltica–Avalonia transition zone from the S–N Alpine convergence.     

中亚地区阿姆河盆地查尔朱、布哈拉阶地构造特征及演化

阿姆河盆地是中亚地区重要的含油气盆地,位于阿姆河北岸的查尔朱阶地和布哈拉阶地为盆地的二级构造单元,其油气资源量占全盆地的一半。油气主要富集于阶地的局部背斜构造和生物礁圈闭中,这些圈闭与该区构造形成演化密不可分。利用常规地质资料,通过精细地层对比和地震资料解释,识别出两个关键界面:侏罗纪末的断拗转换面和早第三纪末的区域角度不整合面,并结合板块构造理论确定了构造变形时期。研究认为,侏罗纪以来两阶地经历了侏罗纪—白垩纪断陷—拗陷期和早第三纪抬升—改造期两个重要演化阶段,形成了上、中、下三大构造层。断陷—拗陷阶段的沉积控制了该区的构造格局;中构造层膏盐层的发育丰富了后期的构造样式。早第三纪—晚第三纪的构造运动使该区构造发生了强烈变革,形成了典型的逆断裂、走滑断裂带和不对称复合背斜构造带。     

闽西震旦系上统变质火山岩的地球化学特征及其大地构造背景

福建西部震旦系上统变质火山岩属钙碱性系列。ＲＥＥ分布模式均呈向右倾斜的曲线,具Ｅｕ负异常,富集大离子系亲石元素和亏损地幔岩相容元素,（８６）Ｓｒ／（８７）Ｓｒ初始值０．７１０５～０．７１２６,显示陆壳重熔生成的岩浆特点。它们是在浙南－闽西北加里东期挤压碰增造山作用中陆壳重熔岩浆上升喷发产物。     

东准噶尔蒙西斑岩铜钼矿床脉体特征及其形成机制

蒙西斑岩铜钼矿床位于东准噶尔伊吾县琼河坝花岗岩北侧,以发育细脉、网脉状矿化为特征。脉体类型多样,包括石英脉、石英硫化物脉和硫化物脉等。根据脉体力学成因机制,其又可划分为水压破裂充填脉和构造破裂充填脉。构造破裂充填脉体按破裂形成的位错特征有正断与逆断两种。地表石英脉产状陡立,明显受断裂控制。脉体体积分数统计结果显示流体富集区呈向北缓倾的带状分布于深100～400m范围内,并与矿化富集带有较好的对应关系。脉体富集带内,脉体以共轭形式存在,一组为倾角较小的逆断破裂充填脉,另一组为倾角较大的正断破裂充填脉,他们可能为缓倾逆冲剪切带的次级破裂与充填脉,即富矿带内脉体是沿矿区低角度逆冲断裂次级破裂面充填的。矿区地表及深部(400m以下)脉体以陡立为主,矿化较弱。矿区流体的运移具先沿水压直立破裂往上运移,进入剪切带后沿剪切带次级破裂侧向和向上运移,并在剪切带中富集成矿。低温矿物组合脉体穿切高温矿物组合脉体的特征说明脉体形成过程矿区处于隆升构造环境,这对斑岩铜矿成矿有利。     

华北克拉通南缘中条山-嵩山地区1.78Ga基性岩墙群的地球化学特征及构造环境

幔源岩浆侵位产生的基性岩墙群是地壳伸展裂解的重要标志。华北克拉通南缘中条山-嵩山地区出露有大量的中元古代基性岩墙群,对其研究将有助于深入了解华北克拉通中元古代构造演化特征。其岩石类型以辉绿岩为主,少量辉长辉绿岩和辉绿玢岩;主要造岩矿物为斜长石和单斜辉石,其它矿物包括角闪石、Fe-Ti氧化物、磷灰石、黑云母、碱性长石和石英。锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄为1785±18Ma,代表岩墙的结晶年龄。岩石K2O+Na2O含量为3.63%～6.18%,K2O/Na2O比值为0.73～1.38,FeOT含量较高(10.03%～13.59%),属于拉斑玄武岩系列。岩石的稀土元素含量高(142×10-6～381×10-6),亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,富集Rb、Ba、La等大离子亲石元素,全岩εNd(t)值为-6.2～-8.1。岩墙的固结指数(SI)和MgO含量呈明显的正相关关系,说明幔源岩浆发生过明显的结晶分异作用。地球化学分析表明,研究区基性岩墙属于板内拉斑玄武岩系列,与熊耳群火山岩有相似的地球化学特征;基于两者紧密的产出关系,我们认为该区岩墙可能是熊耳群火山岩的通道岩墙,共同代表了华北克拉通东、西陆块碰撞后伸展事件。     

丹凤地区秦岭岩群片麻岩锆石U-Pb年龄:北秦岭地体中-新元古代岩浆作用和早古生代变质作用的记录

秦岭岩群被认为是出露于北秦岭地体内最古老的前寒武纪基底岩石,记录了北秦岭造山带的地壳形成和演化历史。本文报道丹凤-西峡地区五件秦岭岩群片麻岩锆石U-Pb年龄结果,限定其形成和变质时代,探讨北秦岭地体的构造归属。定年结果表明,岩浆成因锆石颗粒的年龄集中在1400～1600Ma左右和850～950Ma左右,记录两期主要岩浆活动。6粒锆石具有变质成因特征,低Th/U比值(0.03),206Pb/238U年龄变化在510～465Ma之间,加权平均值477±18Ma。这一古生代变质叠加时代与北秦岭地体南北缘高压变质作用时代基本一致,说明秦岭岩群遭受到北秦岭造山带俯冲-碰撞造山过程的变质作用。秦岭岩群主要形成于中元古代晚期至新元古代早期,基底岩石缺乏早元古代和太古代岩浆活动的记录。在岩浆作用时代上,北秦岭地体与广泛发育新元古代中-晚期岩浆作用的扬子陆块北缘有差别,也不同于晚太古代-早元古代的华北陆块南缘,可能是中-新元古代形成的独立微陆块。     

德兴大型铜金矿集区构造环境和成矿流体研究进展

江西德兴地区是我国东部成矿带中的大型矿集区之一,集中了铜厂斑岩铜矿、银山多金属矿和金山金矿等大型、超大型矿床。它又处在中国东南部大地构造的关键部位,因此,对德兴大型铜金矿集区的研究始终与该地区的构造背景及演化相伴随。目前对该地区构造格局的认识以NW侧的九岭地体与SE侧的怀玉地体沿赣东北深大断裂带的碰撞拼贴为主流;在这两个地体于晚元古代碰撞拼贴之后,该地区所经历的主要是板内(陆内)的构造活动。德兴大型铜金矿集区的成矿作用与燕山期构造—岩浆活动有着成因上的密切联系,而德兴地区的中元古界地层成矿元素含量较高,不同程度地为本区铜厂、金山、银山等矿床提供了成矿物质。成矿流体的研究成果已表明不同的矿床有不同的流体过程:铜厂斑岩铜矿成矿早阶段以岩浆派生流体为主、而晚阶段(主要成矿阶段)有大气降水的大量参与;银山多金属矿成矿流体主要为大气降水来源;金山金矿的成矿流体则以变质水为重要来源。     

新疆头屯河地区侏罗系砂岩成分变化及构造环境的探讨

对砂岩矿物成分的定量研究,发现砂岩矿物成熟度的变化与该区构造运动相吻合,源区构造环境为再旋回造山带和岩浆岛弧。