郯庐断裂带(安徽段)及邻区的动力学分析与区域构造演化

依据区域构造层次划分,采用构造筛分法,层层深入,层层筛分,确定发生于各个不同时代地层/岩层内的断裂活动的同期及叠加的应力场特征。综合所有的同期应力场特征及辅以叠加的应力场特征来验证,从而确定了一个连续的、完整的断裂活动的应力场演化序列;结合区域构造变形特征分析,阐明郯庐断裂带(安徽段)的构造演化。应力场分析显示:晚三叠-早侏罗世应力场为北北西—南南东或近南北向挤压,属古特提斯构造域,断裂发生同造山走滑;早白垩世早期,应力场为北西—南东向挤压,断裂发生左行走滑运动,中国东部处于西环太平洋构造域;早白垩世晚期—古新世(始新世),区域发生北西—南东向伸展作用,断裂处于伸展断陷作用阶段;新生代,受区域上近东西向的挤压作用影响,断裂发生挤压逆冲兼右行走滑作用。     

上扬子区寒武系娄山关群白云岩层序地层格架及其古地理背景

上扬子区特别是贵州及其邻区的寒武系娄山关群发育一套化石贫乏的浅水台地相白云岩,横跨中、上寒武统,厚度上千米,自北西向南东随着沉积环境水体的加深逐渐相变为开阔海台地相灰岩、陆棚相泥页岩等。由于化石贫乏难以进行详尽的年代地层划分,但是发育石盐假晶泥晶白云岩所反映的沉积环境水体变浅以及发育颗粒白云岩所反映的水体加深,表明可以应用从岩相序列到沉积相序列的方法对该套白云岩进行层序地层划分,成为在“海平面变化的框架内探讨沉积相迁移”的典型代表。巨厚的贫乏化石的娄山关群白云岩与下伏厚度较小、产三叶虫化石的陡坡寺组白云质细粒混合岩系形成了鲜明的对照,它们组成了1个二级层序,并可以划分为7个三级层序。陡坡寺组细粒混合岩系代表了二级海侵作用所造成的水体加深,而娄山关群白云岩自北西向南东进积尖灭则代表了二级海退过程所造成的水体变浅。该二级层序本身即是1个总体向上变浅的沉积相序列,其相序组构与三级层序相似,三级层序的相序组构与那些由岩相序列所组成的若干环潮坪型米级旋回也具有相似性。因此研究区娄山关群白云岩构成了1个复杂而有规律的、独特的层序地层格架,并由此反映了沉积物的时间演变序列和沉积相的空间展布特征具有一定的规律性,代表了其古地理演变过程既受制于海侵加深和海退变浅的时间过程,同时又受控于沉积环境水体自北西向南东由浅变深的空间变化过程。娄山关群白云岩的层序地层研究表明：层序地层学研究的核心是沉积物的时间演变序列以及沉积相的空间展布形式所代表的规律性,并根据这种规律性进行地层划分和对比。     

Research achievements of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on 60 years of aeromagnetic surveys

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (also referred to as the Plateau) has long received much attention from the community of geoscience due to its unique geographical location and rich mineral resources. This paper reviews the aeromagnetic surveys in the Plateau in the past 60 years and summarizes relevant research achievements, which mainly include the followings. (1) The boundaries between the Plateau and its surrounding regions have been clarified. In detail, its western boundary is restricted by West Kunlun-Altyn Tagh arc-shaped magnetic anomaly zone forming due to the arc-shaped connection of the Altyn Tagh and Kangxiwa faults and its eastern boundary consists of the boundaries among different magnetic fields along the Longnan (Wudu)-Kangding Fault. Meanwhile, the fault on the northern margin of the Northern Qilian Mountains serves as its northern boundary. (2) The Plateau is mainly composed of four orogens that were stitched together, namely East Kunlun-Qilian, Hoh-Xil-Songpan, Chamdo-Southwestern Sanjiang (Nujiang, Lancang, and Jinsha rivers in southeastern China), and Gangdese-Himalaya orogens. (3) The basement of the Plateau is dominated by weakly magnetic Proterozoic metamorphic rocks and lacks strongly magnetic Archean crystalline basement of stable continents such as the Tarim and Sichuan blocks. Therefore, it exhibits the characteristics of unstable orogenic basement. (4) The Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone forming due to continent-continent collisions since the Cenozoic shows double aeromagnetic anomaly zones. Therefore, it can be inferred that the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone formed from the Indian Plate subducting towards and colliding with the Eurasian Plate twice. (5) A huge negative aeromagnetic anomaly in nearly SN trending has been discovered in the middle part of the Plateau, indicating a giant deep thermal-tectonic zone. (6) A dual-layer magnetic structure has been revealed in the Plateau. It consists of shallow magnetic anomaly zones in nearly EW and NW trending and deep magnetic anomaly zones in nearly SN trending. They overlap vertically and cross horizontally, showing the flyover-type geological structure of the Plateau. (7) A group of NW-trending faults occur in eastern Tibet, which is intersected rather than connected by the nearly EW trending that develop in middle-west Tibet. (8) As for the central uplift zone that occurs through the Qiangtang Basin, its metamorphic basement tends to gradually descend from west to east, showing the form of steps. The Qiangtang Basin is divided into the northern and southern part by the central uplift zone in it. The basement in the Qiangtang Basin is deep in the north and west and shallow in the south and west. The basement in the northern Qiangtang Basin is deep and relatively stable and thus is more favorable for the generation and preservation of oil and gas. Up to now, 19 favorable tectonic regions of oil and gas have been determined in the Qiangtang Basin. (9) A total of 21 prospecting areas of mineral resources have been delineated and thousands of ore-bearing (or mineralization) anomalies have been discovered. Additionally, the formation and uplift mechanism of the Plateau are briefly discussed in this paper.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

上海及其邻区潜在地质灾害的构造背景与成因机理

本文基于上海及其邻区活动断裂构造及有关地区潜在地质灾害特点的研究,论证了上海及其邻区潜在地质灾害的三种基本类型及其构造背景与成因机理;指出:上海及其邻区楔形断裂系统的存在与活动是诱发有关地区潜在地质灾害的主导因素。文中明确指出了上海及其邻区楔形断裂系统的研究在相关地区进行潜在地质灾害评价与预测方面的应用前景与发展方向。     

华南地区中生代以来构造应力场的基本特征

本文认为,华南地区于燕山旋回中早期主压应力轴是北西——南东和北西西——南东东向的。燕山晚期以来,主压应力轴基本上是北东——南西和北东东——南西西乃至近东西向的。     

江淮流域汛期降水时空分布特征及其环流背景初步分析

应用对应分析等方法分析了江淮流域汛期(5月～9月)降水的时空分布特征,在此基础上按降水旬际变化特征将论域初划为4个区域,最后讨论了各降水区降水异常的500hPa低阶流场背景.     

多层递推平稳模型

通过对小概率事件历史样本作多层递推迭代，逐次改变引入样本数求取权函数，建立一种平稳统计模式。模式信息容量大，收敛快，克服了常规统计模式的局限性，在灾害性天气客观预报模型应用中取得了明显效果。     

中国西北地区剪切波三维速度结构

本文研究区包括中国西北地区几个不同的构造单元,即准噶尔、阿尔泰、天山、内蒙古褶皱、塔里木盆地、柴达木和祁连山地区.从群速度和剪切波速度模型上可以看出,除塔里木具有十分明显的稳定构造体特征外,其它地区均具构造活动地区的特征,但其速度表现各具特点,并与它们的构造演化史有关.莫霍界面的起伏基本上控制了布格重力异常的分布;另外,天山地区与北山的速度结构在土地幔盖层中差别很大,天山的上地幔高速盖层可能与应力场有关.     

陕西地区岩浆岩Nd、Sr同位素特征及其与大地构造发展的联系

岩浆岩Nd、Sr同位素特征表明,扬子地块基底有着和华北地块很不相同的早期演变历史。这意味着华北和扬子两地块在历史上曾经是相互独立的,后来才拼合在一起。Nd、Sr同位素研究还表明,华北和扬子两地块的会聚在泥盆纪以前就已经在进行中,它是通过位於两地块之间的古秦岭海洋壳俯冲消亡在华北地块之下实现;华北和扬子两陆块最终相碰撞至少发生在二叠纪以前。     

中国西部三维速度结构及其各向异性

本文用覆盖中国的358条勒夫面波路径资料,研究了10.45-113.80s范围内中国西部的三维SH波速度结构.结果表明,各构造单元的SH波速度结构均有明显的差别.作为稳定块体的塔里木盆地,壳内重力分异程度较高,上、中、下地壳厚度差别小,壳内无明显的低速层,地壳平均速度比较小;上地幔低速层埋深大且层中速度大;区内横向变化小.构造活动区如天山、青藏高原,其突出的特征是下地壳厚度大且速度大,上地幔盖层速度值相当高.这与西伯利亚、印支板块的挤压有密切的关系.青藏高原东部及其北、东边缘地区壳内存在低速层,上地幔低速层埋深浅,一些地区存在壳幔过渡层.面波各向异性研究表明,青藏高原、天山及印支板块北缘下存在明显的各向异性,以构造边缘地区及上地幔低速层附近最为突出.印度板块、西伯利亚板块与中国大陆间的碰撞引起强大的水平压力和一定的下插作用,是造成青藏高原隆起、地壳增厚、天山隆起的最根本的因素,同时也促成壳幔中辉石、橄榄石的定向排列和物质运移,因而出现明显的各向异性现象.