川滇地块西部差异性旋转的构造意义:青藏高原东南缘白垩纪红层古地磁学新证据

印度-欧亚板块碰撞以来青藏高原内部及其周缘地区经历了复杂的构造演化,复杂构造变形区的复合构造使得古地磁的数据解释究竟代表区域的构造旋转还是只能反映局部的构造变形一直是备受关注的问题.本文通过采集川滇地块西缘渔泡江断裂东侧三岔河地区白垩纪红层古地磁样品,揭示采样区差异性旋转并探讨川滇地块西部自中新世以来的构造演化规律.前人的地质调查表明川滇地块渔泡江断裂东侧上白垩统赵家店组地层发育倾伏褶皱.三岔河剖面以三岔河镇为界分为南北两段,三岔河南段剖面高温剩磁分量平均方向在倾斜校正后D_s=29.3°,I_s=45.7°,k_s=54.3,α₉₅=6.6°,倾伏地层产状校正后D_s=30.6°,I_s=46.6°,k_s=69.3,α₉₅=5.8°;而三岔河北侧剖面高温剩磁分量平均方向在倾斜校正后D_s=350.4°,I_s=42.1°,k_s=69.4,α₉₅=9.2°,倾伏地层产状校正后D_s=347.4°,I_s=41.9°,k_s=96.6,α₉₅=7.8°;两组高温剩磁分量均通过了褶皱检验,表明其获得于褶皱形成之前.相对于东亚稳定区80 Ma古地磁极,三岔河南侧剖面发生了20.5°±4.8°的顺时针构造旋转量,与楚雄盆地核部之间不存在差异性旋转;但三岔河镇以北剖面却发生了22.7°±6.6°的逆时针旋转.综合分析川滇地块内部的古地磁数据表明自中新世以来川滇地块南部楚雄盆地经历了约20°的顺时针构造旋转,而三岔河镇北侧经历了约20°逆时针旋转.进一步分析表明三岔河北侧剖面相对于南侧剖面经历了约40°的逆时针旋转,可能由于研究区的滑脱构造导致岩石薄弱层拆离滑脱所引起.

     

华北克拉通南缘中条山-嵩山地区1.78Ga基性岩墙群的地球化学特征及构造环境

幔源岩浆侵位产生的基性岩墙群是地壳伸展裂解的重要标志。华北克拉通南缘中条山-嵩山地区出露有大量的中元古代基性岩墙群,对其研究将有助于深入了解华北克拉通中元古代构造演化特征。其岩石类型以辉绿岩为主,少量辉长辉绿岩和辉绿玢岩;主要造岩矿物为斜长石和单斜辉石,其它矿物包括角闪石、Fe-Ti氧化物、磷灰石、黑云母、碱性长石和石英。锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄为1785±18Ma,代表岩墙的结晶年龄。岩石K2O+Na2O含量为3.63%～6.18%,K2O/Na2O比值为0.73～1.38,FeOT含量较高(10.03%～13.59%),属于拉斑玄武岩系列。岩石的稀土元素含量高(142×10-6～381×10-6),亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,富集Rb、Ba、La等大离子亲石元素,全岩εNd(t)值为-6.2～-8.1。岩墙的固结指数(SI)和MgO含量呈明显的正相关关系,说明幔源岩浆发生过明显的结晶分异作用。地球化学分析表明,研究区基性岩墙属于板内拉斑玄武岩系列,与熊耳群火山岩有相似的地球化学特征;基于两者紧密的产出关系,我们认为该区岩墙可能是熊耳群火山岩的通道岩墙,共同代表了华北克拉通东、西陆块碰撞后伸展事件。     

甘肃合黎山古元古代正长岩的发现及其对阿拉善地块大地构造属性的启示

阿拉善地块的大地构造属性是近年来地质界激烈争论的科学问题:是华北克拉通的一部分,还是在前寒武纪尚未与华北克拉通拼合?研究阿拉善地块的基底并与华北克拉通主体进行对比,对探讨这一问题具有重要启示。阿拉善地块的基底仅在其东部和西南缘零星出露,且前人的研究主要集中在地块东部。在阿拉善地块西部的合黎山地区,有正长岩侵入龙首山群,并被震旦系不整合覆盖。该正长岩强烈富钾(K_2O=13.77%),轻、重稀土明显分异((La/Yb)_N=46.62),显示Nb-Ta负异常和Pb-Zr-Hf正异常,并具有高Sr低Nd的同位素特征(ε_(Nd)(t)=-5.05),表明该岩体源于玄武质下地壳的部分熔融。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明,该正长岩形成于(1872±12) Ma,即古元古代,并记录了～2.7 Ga的地壳生长以及～2.5 Ga和～1.95 Ga的岩浆活动。合黎山古元古代正长岩的发现补充了阿拉善地块前寒武纪基底的组成,进一步完善了阿拉善地块新太古代—古元古代基底和构造热事件的时代格架,且与华北克拉通主体十分相似,指示二者具有明显的亲缘性。     

西南日本中央剪切构造带晚第四纪以来位错特征与地震

野外考察和室内综合分析表明,日本中央构造线的右旋位错自上新世以来一直延续至今.资料表明,晚更新世以来的平均位错速率达6 .1 m m/a .高滑动速率而近1 ka 来无强破坏性地震发生的事实意味着该断裂现今可能处在蠕滑运动为主的相对稳滑状态.断裂带结构简单、走向稳定、高角度而无横向断裂切割等特点有利于断裂的蠕滑运动.     

构造沉降是控制近代洞庭湖演变的关键因素吗?——评《洞庭湖地质环境系统分析》

本文对以研究近代洞庭湖演变趋势为主要内容的《洞庭湖地质环境系统分析》的系列研究成果进行评论 ,认为采用“假设 -演绎法”研究洞庭湖演变得出的结论 ,依然建立在假设的基础上 ,并不可靠。文中还对该系列成果提出的“构造沉降是控制洞庭湖演变的关键因素”的论点和一些所谓的“构造沉降”表现及其计算数据提出质疑 ,认为近代洞庭湖的演变不是由内动力“构造沉降”控制 ,而是主要受入湖水沙条件变化、人工围垦湖滩和湖面———基面上升等外动力的作用和影响。     

Morphological indicators of structural control,relative sea-level fluctuations and platform drowning on present-day and Miocene carbonate platforms

The morphology of Carbonate platforms may be influenced by tectonic activity and eustatic variations. 3D seismic data and satellite imagery are used in order to investigate the morphological similarities between present-day carbonates platforms, East of Borneo Island and Miocene carbonate platforms of the South China Sea. The morphological similarities exhibit platform fragmentation, that could be caused by subtle faulting, sufficient to drown reef rims; platform contraction, which is a result of back-stepping of the reef margin during a relative sea level rise and polygonal patterns in internal lagoons, described as mesh reefs in modern platforms and possibly interpreted as karst in Miocene platforms.Vertical movements may trigger the formation of new geomorphological conditions that modify the distribution of coral growth with respect to the new hydrodynamic conditions in space and time. These movements (uplift and tilting) reduce and localize the space necessary for the coral ecosystem, explaining the contraction leading to drowning of parts of and, ultimately, the whole platform.     

Preparation of hemocyanin polyclonal antibody and the identification of 35 kDa hemocyanin fragment in HaHotis diversicolor Reeve

以杂色鲍（Haliotis diversicolor Reeve）为研究对象,通过密度梯度离心方法纯化得到高纯度血蓝蛋白,以其作为抗原皮下注射免疫新西兰大白兔,从而获得高效价的兔源多克隆抗血清。进一步通过ProteinA抗原亲和纯化的方法对该抗血清纯化,最终获得效价更高、检测特异性更好的血蓝蛋白多克隆抗体。应用该抗体进行Western检测发现,鲍血淋巴中存在着多样的血蓝蛋白衍生产物;进一步结合质谱技术对其中35kDa条带进行鉴定发现,其来源于血蓝蛋白I型亚基的H结构域。     

Geological comparative studies of Japan Arc System and Kyushu-Palau Arc

Based on the published data of structure geology,geochronology,petrology and isotope geochemistry,the authors of this paper have conducted studies on the tectonic evolution history of Japan arc system and Kyushu-Palau ridge(KPR) . The studies show that the initial Japan arc system was resulted from the subduction of ancient Pacific plate beneath Eurasian Plate in Permian. It was part of an Andean-type continental volcanic arc which occurred in the offshore in the east of Asian during late Mesozoic era. The formation of tertiary back-arc basin(Japan Sea) resulted in the fundamental tectonic framework of the present arc system. Since Quaternary the system has been lying at E-W compression tectonic setting due to the eastward subduction of Amur Plate. It is expected that Japan arc system will be juxtaposed with Asian continent,which is similar to the present Taiwan arc system. The origin of Philippine Sea Plate(PSP) is still in debate. Some studies argued that it is a trapped oceanic crust segment,while the others insisted that it is a back-arc basin accompanied with ancient IBM arc. However,it is all agreed that the tectonic evolution of PSP started since 50 Ma,i.e.,PSP has drifted from the site around equator at 50 Ma to the present site,and the subduction of PSP along Nankai trough-Ryukyu Trench beneath the Japan arc system during 6-2 Ma led to the formation of the present Ryukyu arc system. Of the PSP,the KPR has been found with the oldest rocks formed at 38 Ma. Combining with its geochemical characteristics of oceanic arc tholeiite,it is suggested that KPR is an intraoceanic volcanic arc,more specifically,a relic arc(i.e.,rear arc of the ancient IBM) after rifting of ancient IBM. In addition,Amami-Daito province is of arc tectonic affinity,but has been affected by mantle plume. Therefore,based on their respective tectonic evolution history and geochemical characteristics of rock samples,it is inferred that there is no genetic relationship between Japan arc system and KPR. It is noted that rocks reflecting continental crust basement feature have been collected on the northern tip of KPR,which may be related to the process of KPR accreting on Japan arc,but the arc-continent accretion process are still at initial stage of modern continental crust accretion model. However,due to the scarcity of data of the northern tip of KPR,crustal structure of this location and its adjacent Nankai trough need to be further constrained by geophysical studies in the future.     

河北赞皇地区许亭花岗岩的时代及成因:对华北克拉通中部带构造演化的制约

许亭花岗岩出露于赞皇杂岩中,位于河北省赞皇县西部山区,呈岩基状侵入新太古代TTG片麻岩和变质地层中,SHRIMP 锆石U-Pb年龄为2090±10Ma。岩体主要由钾长-二长花岗岩组成,无暗色包体,偶见围岩的捕掳体。岩体组成不均匀,局部含石英和少量钾长石斑晶,构成似斑状结构。主要的矿物组合为石英+钾长石+斜长石+黑云母+绿帘石±白云母±角闪石,含萤石副矿物。岩石具有高硅(SiO₂＞75%)、富碱(ALK=6.90%~8.75%)、低铝(Al₂O₃ =10.32%~11.64%)、钛(TiO₂=0.26%~0.36%)和贫钙(CaO=0.18%~0.48%)、镁(MgO=0.16%~0.40%)、铁(Fe₂O^T₃=2.58%~3.46%)的特征,为偏铝质到弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性系列。岩石的稀土总量较高(293.8×10^-6 ~702.8×10^-6),轻稀土相对富集,有明显的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu^*=0.1~0.35)。微量元素中,富Zr、Nb和Y,而贫Ba、Sr和P等元素,Rb/Sr比值较高,介于1.45~7.52之间,平均4.31。岩石还具有高的Ga/Al值(3.04×10^-6~4.08×10^-6),具有A型花岗岩特征。在同位素组成方面,具有较低的ε_Nd(t)值(-14.29~-0.29,平均为-5.58)。许亭花岗岩具有板内花岗岩特征,可能与2.1Ga时岩浆板底垫托,导致新太古代TTG岩石部分熔融,并可能有少量古老地壳物质加入。根据岩体性质及岩石组合等特征推测赞皇、阜平、五台等地区的2.1Ga岩浆活动形成于统一的拉张裂解环境。     

北秦岭地区三叠纪南召盆地演化及成因机制探讨

秦岭造山带作为中国中央造山带的重要组成部分,还原其复杂、漫长的演化历史始终是地质科学的研究焦点,也是亟待解决的关键科学问题。前人从构造地质学、变质岩石学等方面展开了丰富的讨论,但始终缺乏造山带内同沉积记录的精细研究。南召盆地作为北秦岭造山带唯一保存的三叠纪的地层,为研究秦岭造山带印支期的构造环境提供了最直接可靠的证据。因此本文基于精细的地质图分析,野外地质观察,利用盆地构造沉降和构造年代格架的分析方法,系统研究三叠纪南召盆地的沉积充填和沉降特征,总结出南召盆地的伸展裂陷沉积序列：底部砾岩向上迅速水体加深,形成以灰黑色页岩为主的深湖相,随后向上变为以黄褐色砂岩夹灰黑色泥岩为特征的湖泊三角洲—辫状河相;明确了快速—缓慢沉降的伸展型盆地沉降特征;厘定了南召地区的8个主要不整合面,其中,中-上三叠统太山庙组的底部为一个763~121.9 Ma的穿时不整合面;确定了南召盆地4期主要演化阶段。研究表明：南召盆地是一个伸展裂陷盆地,形成于加里东运动、印支运动共同作用产生的造山带复合基底之上,发育于印支期北秦岭造山带两次重要隆升事件之间,代表晚三叠世卡尼阶的北秦岭造山带构造活动的暂停。